scholarly journals Effect of hydrotreating in biodiesel on the growth of deposits in the combustion chamber as a solution for the deposits reduction in the usage of biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Ary Budi Mulyono ◽  
Bambang Sugiarto ◽  
Muchammad Taufiq Suryantoro ◽  
Hari Setiapraja ◽  
Siti Yubaidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Fuel Droplet ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Better Than

The usage of biodiesel has been encouraged by government based on the issuance of The Regulation of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12/2015 on the supply, utilization, and administration of biofuels as other alternative fuels. This regulation sets mandatory biodiesel mixture by 30 percent for national energy consumption by 2025. But the usage of biodiesel with a larger percentage in diesel engines still leaves some problems with the decline of biodiesel fuel quality and the formation of deposits in combustion chamber and injectors. The purpose of this study is to compare biodiesel fuel (B20) with Hydrotreated Biodiesel (HBD) in an experiment by using fuel droplet method on a plate to observe the characteristics and mechanism of deposit formation. Plates are heated in few temperature variations in a sealed test rig so that the conditions are similar to the engine real conditions. Deposit growth of Hydrotreated Biodiesel as known as Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) less better than Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). It may occurred because the lubricity of HVO is very low due to the absence of sulfur and oxygen compounds in the fuel, that causes oxidation that can lead to deposits in the combustion chamber.

scholarly journals The Properties of Fuel and Characterization of Functional Groups in Biodiesel -Water Emulsions from Waste Cooking Oil and Its Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Annisa Bhikuning ◽  
Jiro Senda Senda
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel is important for finding the most suitable fuel for the future. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil is one of the alternative fuels to replace fossil oil. Waste cooking oil is the used oil from cooking and is taken from hotels or restaurants. The emulsion of waste cooking oil and water is produced by adding water to the oil, as well as some additives to bind the water and the oil. In this study, the fuel properties of 100% biodiesel waste cooking oil  are compared to several blends by volume: 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 95% diesel oil (BD5), 10% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 90% of diesel oil (BD10), 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% of water and 18.7% of additives (BDW18.7), and 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% of water and 24.7% of additives (BDW24.7). The objectives of this study are to establish the properties and characteristics of the FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) of biodiesel-water emulsions from waste cooking oil and to compare them to other fuels. The chemical properties of the fuels are analyzed by using the ASTM D Method and FTIR  to determine the FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) composition of biodiesel in diesel oil. The results showed that the addition of additives in the water-biodiesel oil increases the viscosity, density, and flash point. However, it decreased the caloric value due to the oxygen content in the fuel.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DIESEL ENGINE POWERED WITH BIODIESEL FUEL CONTAINING METHYL ESTERS FROM CAMELINA SATIVA OIL

Transport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergejus Lebedevas ◽  
Galina Lebedeva ◽  
Violeta Makarevičienė ◽  
Irina Kazanceva ◽  
Kiril Kazancev
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Acid Methyl

The article explores the possibilities of using fatty acid methyl esters derived from the oil of a new species of oily plant Camelina sativa not demanding on soil. The performed research on the physical and chemical properties of pure methyl esters from Camelina sativa show that biofuels do not meet requirements for the biodiesel fuel standard (LST EN 14214:2009) of a high iodine value and high content of linoleic acid methyl ester, so they must be mixed with methyl esters produced from pork lard the content of which in the mixture must be not less than 32%. This article presents the results of tests on combustion emission obtained when three‐cylinder diesel engine VALMET 320 DMG was fuelled with a mixture containing 30% of this new kind of fuel with fossil diesel fuel comparing with emissions obtained when the engine was fuelled with a fuel mixture containing 30% of conventional biodiesel fuel (rapeseed oil methyl esters) with fossil diesel fuel. The obtained results show that using both types of fuel, no significant differences in CO and NOx concentrations were observed throughout the tested load range. When operating on fuels containing methyl esters from Camelina sativa, HC emissions decreased by 10 to 12% and the smokeness of exhaust gas by 12 to 25%.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis of Some Oil Plants Found in Bihar, India: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Kanth ◽  
Chandrawati Jee ◽  
Anit Kumar ◽  
Abhijeet Kashyap ◽  
Rupam Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Common Fatty Acid

Today’s developmental world needs large amount of energy. Due to the limited fossil fuel source, there is need of some alternate fuel sources among which biodiesel from vegetable oil widely practiced. There is an increasing interest in India to search for suitable low cost alternative fuels that are Eco friendly. Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel. In this paper an attempt has been made to study and compare the oil percentage and Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) components of three non edible oil seed plants abundantly found in Bihar, India. Oil from the seed kernel was extracted by solvent extraction technique through Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane as solvent. Percentage oil content for Jetropha, Mahua and Castor are found around 76 %, 41% and 33% respectively. Further extracted oil were analysed by GC-MS for their FAME components. Palmitic, linoleic, oleic are most common fatty acid found among three.

Economical Efficiency of a Non-Catalytic Alcoholysis Process for Production of Biodiesel Fuel

2009 ◽  
Vol 1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nabetani ◽  
Shoji Hagiwara ◽  
Yasuomi Suzuki ◽  
Tetsuya Araki ◽  
Yasukuki Sagara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Methanol Vapor ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vapor Method

AbstractProduction of biodiesel fuel (fatty acid methyl ester) by use of conventional method (alkaline catalyst method) requires deacidification process prior to the reaction and refining process to remove the catalyst after the reaction. These processes increase total cost required for production of biodiesel fuel. In order to solve the problem, authors recently proposed a method called superheated methanol vapor method. In a process with this method, superheated methanol vapor is continuously bubbled into the oil in the reactor vessel and reacted with triglycerides to form fatty acid methyl ester and glycerol. The fatty acid methyl ester and glycerol formed flows out of the reactor together with unreacted methanol vapor and is collected using a condenser. Reaction using the superheated methanol vapor method can be conducted at atmospheric pressure. Production of fatty acid methyl ester by use of the superheated methanol vapor method does not require refining process after the reaction because no catalyst is used in this method and fatty acid methyl ester can be separated from glycerol simply by sedimentation. The method does not require deacidification process prior to the reaction because not only triglyceride but also free fatty acid can be converted into fatty acid methyl ester by use of the method. Therefore, both initial and running costs required for biodiesel production are thought to be reduced by applying the method. In order to estimate the cost required by a process based on the superheated methanol vapor method, a demonstration plant (design productivity: 400 L/d) was constructed and its efficiency was evaluated. The plant could produce 425 L of fatty acid methyl ester in a day from used frying oil. Energy consumed in each unit of the demonstration plant was measured (electrical energy and thermal energy). Based on the energy consumption data obtained with the demonstration plant, production cost required with a practical scale plant (designed productivity: 6000 kL/y) was calculated. The cost required by the practical scale plant with the superheated methanol vapor method was estimated to be 40.2 yen/L (about 40 cent/L) while the cost required by a plant with the alkaline catalyst method was 62.5 yen/L (about 62 cent/L). The estimated cost includes depreciation cost, cost of repairing, labor cost, methanol cost and energy cost (heat and electricity). Most of the energy consumed by the plant was thermal energy and the plant could be automatically controlled. Therefore, required cost will be further decreased by installing the plant next to an incineration facility because thermal energy can be supplied from the facility and the labor cost can also be supported by the facility.

Reduce Cold Filter Plugging Point and Kinematic Viscosity of Cottonseed-Based Biodiesel Fuel

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Yu Qi Zhang ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Ling Ling Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Acid Methyl

The chemical compositions, cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and kinematic viscosity of cottonseed methyl ester (CSME) are investigated. Through blending with-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and treating with Flow Fit, the CFPP and kinematic viscosity of CSME are improved. The study shows that CSME is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and the contents of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAME) were 27.69% and 71.65% respectively. The CFPP and kinematic viscosity (40 °C) of CSME are-1 °C and 4.63 mm2/s respectively. Blending with-10PD decreased the CFPP of CSME to-12 °C.With temperature decreasing, the kinematic viscosities of CSME and CSME/-10PD increase. The lower the temperature is, the more differenced the kinematic viscosities of CSME and CSME/-10PD are. Treating with less than 3% (volume fraction) of Flow Fit, the CFPP of CSME and CSME/-10PD decreased significantly.

scholarly journals Chemoreversal Agents from Taiwanofungus Genus and Their More Potent Methyl Derivatives Targeting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Phosphorylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Ko-Hua Yu ◽  
Chin-Chuan Hung ◽  
Tian-Shung Wu ◽  
Chin-Fu Chen ◽  
I-Ting Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Collateral Sensitivity ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation ◽  
Transcription 3 ◽  
Better Than

Multidrug resistance (MDR), for which the mechanisms are not yet fully clear, is one of the major obstacles to cancer treatment. In recent years, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were found to be one of the important MDR mechanism pathways. Based on the previous research, zhankuic acid A, B, and C were found to have collateral sensitivity effects on MDR cancer cells, and MDR inhibitory activity of zhankuic acid methyl ester was found to be better than that of its acid. Therefore, we executed a systematic examination of the structure–activity relationship of zhankuic acid methyl ester derivatives to collateral sensitivity in MDR cancer cells. The results showed that compound 12 is the best in terms of chemoreversal activity, where the reversal fold was 692, and the IC50 value of paclitaxel combined with 10 μM compound 12 treatment was 1.69 nM in MDR KBvin cells. Among all the derivatives, methyl ester compounds were found to be better than their acids, and a detailed discussion of the structure–activity relationships of all of the derivatives is provided in this work. In addition, compounds 8, 12, and 26 were shown to influence the activation of STAT3 in KBvin cells, accounting for part of their chemoreversal effects. Our results may provide a new combined therapy with paclitaxel to treat multidrug-resistant cancers and provide a new therapy option for patients.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis Process of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Conversion into Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Rusdianasari ◽  
Abu Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

Biodiesel is a biomass fuel that can replace petroleum diesel fuel. One of the advantages of biodiesel fuel as renewable energy source that it is more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels because biodiesel significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) is a derivative product of CPO (crude palm oil) that has been treated both physically and chemically. The main advantage of FAME lies in the low content of impurities, especially sulphure and metal content. FAME comes from vegetable oil raw materials, which contain high enough fatty acids, around 61-62%, and nowadays, it is used as a mixture with petroleum diesel. The characteristics of biodiesel obtained from the conversion of FAME into biodiesel by pyrolysis at a temperature range of 160 – 200 oC indicate that the biodiesel produced is density 0.8475 kg/m3, viscosity 3.053 cSt, calculated cetane index (CCI) 48.5, flash point 59oC, moisture content 223 ppm, and sulphure content of 0.07% m/m. The results obtained are below the maximum limit of the specified biodiesel quality requirements.

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