scholarly journals The Properties of Fuel and Characterization of Functional Groups in Biodiesel -Water Emulsions from Waste Cooking Oil and Its Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Annisa Bhikuning ◽  
Jiro Senda Senda
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel is important for finding the most suitable fuel for the future. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil is one of the alternative fuels to replace fossil oil. Waste cooking oil is the used oil from cooking and is taken from hotels or restaurants. The emulsion of waste cooking oil and water is produced by adding water to the oil, as well as some additives to bind the water and the oil. In this study, the fuel properties of 100% biodiesel waste cooking oil  are compared to several blends by volume: 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 95% diesel oil (BD5), 10% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 90% of diesel oil (BD10), 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% of water and 18.7% of additives (BDW18.7), and 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% of water and 24.7% of additives (BDW24.7). The objectives of this study are to establish the properties and characteristics of the FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) of biodiesel-water emulsions from waste cooking oil and to compare them to other fuels. The chemical properties of the fuels are analyzed by using the ASTM D Method and FTIR  to determine the FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) composition of biodiesel in diesel oil. The results showed that the addition of additives in the water-biodiesel oil increases the viscosity, density, and flash point. However, it decreased the caloric value due to the oxygen content in the fuel.

Combustion Characteristics of a Swirled Burner Fueled With Waste Cooking Oil

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelgawad ◽  
Ahmed Emara ◽  
Mohamed Gad ◽  
Ahmed Elfatih
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Cooking Oil

Due to the intensive and extensive consumption of fossil fuels in all life sectors such as transportation, power generation, industrial processes, and residential consumption lead to find other new alternative fuels should be the target to cover this fuel demand. Fossil fuel resources are considered non-renewable sources and they will be depleted in the near future. In addition to its environmental impact which causes global warming, harmful exhaust emissions, and its price instability. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was considered as one of these alternative fuels and additives which will provide the industry with low price fuel and may solve the problem of getting rid of waste cooking oil. The present work demonstrated a comparative study for combustion characteristics between light diesel oil (LDO) and waste cooking oil in a swirled oil burner. Waste cooking oil was used directly as a fuel inside a cylindrical combustor using a swirled liquid oil burner at different operating conditions. Waste cooking oil was preheated to 90 °C before entering oil burner to decrease its viscosity and near to light diesel oil. Physical and chemical properties of waste cooking oil were measured and characterized according to ASTM standards. Combustion characteristics of this swirled oil burner using waste cooking oil and light diesel oil were experimentally investigated. Axial and radial inflame temperatures; exhaust gas emissions concentrations and combustor efficiency were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the increase of primary air pressure led to increase in exhaust gas temperature for LDO and WCO. CO2 emissions values for LDO increased compared to WCO. Hydrocarbons a emissions for WCO were higher than LDO. Percentage of heat transferred to the combustor wall increased for WCO compared to LDO. Increase of radial inflame temperature of WCO compared to LDO was due to the increase in heat release at high equivalence ratio. Waste cooking oil tended to produce luminous flames compared to diesel oil due to higher carbon content in its chemical composition.

Identification of Methyl Ester Content from Waste Cooking Oil Using Gas Chromatographic Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Nor Hazwani Abdullah ◽  
Sulaiman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Ester Content ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Acid Methyl

Waste cooking oil has always been an environment problem in food factories and one method of effect disposing this oil without effecting the environment is to convert it to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using small scale pilot plant. The conversion of waste cooking oil with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst in conversional process at 22kHz speed. The reaction of time, molar ratio, speed, catalyst and amount of catalyst will be effect in FAME quality. The quality of biodiesel define is total ester content using gas chromatography. Gas chromatography analysis is a one of technique for identification and quantitation of compounds in a biodiesel sample. From biodiesel sample can identification of contaminants and fatty acid methyl ester. In this research biodiesel sample were analyses using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ( Perkin Elmer GC Model Clarus 500) equipped with a DB-5 HT capillary column ( 0.53mm x 5 m) J&W Scientific. The analytic conditions for ester content were as follow by: column temperature used 2100C, temperature flame ionization detector (FID) of 2500C, pressure of 80kPa, flow carrier gas of 1ml/min, temperature injector of 2500C, split flow rate of 50ml/min, time for analysis 20 minute and volume injected of 1 μl. The ester content (C), expresses as a mass fraction in present using formula (EN 14103, 2003a) calculation. Conversion of triglyceride (TG) to FAME using conversional process obtained 96.54 % w.t with methanol to oil molar ratio 6:1, 1%w.t acid sulphuric and 1% w.t sodium hydroxide catalyst.

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
Norkamruzita Saadon ◽  
Nor Ashikin Mohd Yusof ◽  
Noraini Razali ◽  
Marshahida Mat Yashim ◽  
Amira Khairin Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Biodiesel is clear liquid with a light to dark yellow color. Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels that are attractive because of its favorable characteristics such as being non-toxic, biodegradable, renewable, carbon neutral and low emission. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is a type of biodiesel. In this study, it was produced by using transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) which was reacted with methanol and heterogeneous catalyst. The two heterogeneous catalysts that were used in this study were sodium (Na) metal hydroxide supported on oil palm frond (OPF) and Na metal supported on oil palm kernel shell (OPKS). The support metal used was sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). OPF and OPKS were used as they are the major residues obtained from the oil palm plantation that covers approximately 14.72% of Malaysian’s total landmass. The parameters that in this study were the reaction temperatures of the transesterification process from 30°C to 60°C and the catalyst loading from 0.5wt% to 3wt%. The reaction time and ratio methanol to oil were kept constant which were 4 hours and 1:10 respectively. This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of two different heterogeneous catalysts on both temperature and catalyst loading on the yield production of FAME. The results were obtained by using GCMS analysis. From the experiment that was conducted, the results of FAME production by using two different catalysts indicate that the higher the reaction temperature is, the higher the production of FAME which is at 60°C. It also shows that the percentage yield of FAME increases with the increase of catalyst loading until it reaches the best value which is at 1wt%.

scholarly journals Waste cooking oil processing for fatty acid methyl ester and mono glycerides production with magnetite catalyst

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Widayat ◽  
Hadiyanto ◽  
D.A. Putra ◽  
Nursafitri I. ◽  
H. Satriadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

The objective of this research was to produce biodiesel using waste cooking oil and various magnetite catalysts with the esterification-transesterification process. Magnetite catalysts tested were α- Fe2O3, α- Fe2O3/Al2O3, α- Fe2O3/ZSM-5 catalysts. Catalysts were prepared through chemical precipitation and calcination. The esterificationtransesterification process was carried out with the conditions WCO: methanol molar ratio of 15:1, catalyst (1% wt of oil), heated at 65℃ for 3 hrs. The results showed biodiesel production using α- Fe2O3-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained higher %FAME (83.28%), yield (91.915%) and monoglyceride content (16.72%) compared to others due to larger pore volume. Biodiesel produced passed the requirement of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) based on density, acid number and viscosity.

Physical Property Prediction for Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng-Fang Ruan ◽  
Zhi-Hao Chen ◽  
Kui-Fang Wang ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Fan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Property Prediction ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Wide Range

This paper focuses on the physical property prediction of waste cooking oil biodiesel and examines the accuracy of different methods to estimate reliable basic physical properties, including density, viscosity and surface tension of waste cooking oil biodiesel in a wide range of temperature based on its fatty acid methyl ester component. A program for the physical property prediction of the biodiesel was developed and experimental measurements for the density, viscosity and surface tension of the biodiesel were performed to validate the chosen methods. The results show that the modified Rackett equation and the Orrick-Erbar method have the high estimation accuracy for the prediction of the density and the viscosity, respectively. The Sastri-Rao method and the Pizer method have the accuracy enough to predict the surface tension.

Fatty acid methyl ester production from waste cooking oil catalyzed by CuO-CeO2/NiO mixed oxides

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 023104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tajammul Hussain ◽  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Maria Saeed ◽  
Syed Danish Ali ◽  
Maliha Asma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Intensification of waste cooking oil transformation by transesterification and esterification reactions in oscillatory baffled and microstructured reactors for biodiesel production

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mazubert ◽  
Joelle Aubin ◽  
Sébastien Elgue ◽  
Martine Poux
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Microstructured Reactors ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Cooking Oils

AbstractThe transformation of waste cooking oils for fatty acid methyl ester production is investigated in two intensified technologies: microstructured Corning

Gas Turbines in Alternative Fuel Applications: Biodiesel Field Test

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Molie`re ◽  
Elvio Panarotto ◽  
Maher Aboujaib ◽  
Jean Michel Bisseaud ◽  
Anthony Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester

As fuel candidates for power generation are mushrooming worldwide, there is presently a surge of interest around liquid biofuels that form a large and contrasting family. Among biofuels, biodiesels are natural candidates due to their compatibility with gasoil and their increasing use in the transportation sector. While biodiesels are similar to gasoils in terms of physical data, both their chemical properties and combustion behavior can be markedly different. In the framework of a development program devoted to biofuels and in collaboration with the Swiss power producer Groupe E, GE Energy has carried out a preliminary characterization of the combustion and emissions of a FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) at the Cornaux power plant, canton of Neuchaˆtel. This Field Test has been performed in a Frame 6B equipped with standard combustors and involved both a pure FAME consisting of RME (rapeseed methyl ester) and FAME co-fired with natural gas.

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