ANALYSIS OF THE ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DIESEL ENGINE POWERED WITH BIODIESEL FUEL CONTAINING METHYL ESTERS FROM CAMELINA SATIVA OIL

The article explores the possibilities of using fatty acid methyl esters derived from the oil of a new species of oily plant Camelina sativa not demanding on soil. The performed research on the physical and chemical properties of pure methyl esters from Camelina sativa show that biofuels do not meet requirements for the biodiesel fuel standard (LST EN 14214:2009) of a high iodine value and high content of linoleic acid methyl ester, so they must be mixed with methyl esters produced from pork lard the content of which in the mixture must be not less than 32%. This article presents the results of tests on combustion emission obtained when three‐cylinder diesel engine VALMET 320 DMG was fuelled with a mixture containing 30% of this new kind of fuel with fossil diesel fuel comparing with emissions obtained when the engine was fuelled with a fuel mixture containing 30% of conventional biodiesel fuel (rapeseed oil methyl esters) with fossil diesel fuel. The obtained results show that using both types of fuel, no significant differences in CO and NOx concentrations were observed throughout the tested load range. When operating on fuels containing methyl esters from Camelina sativa, HC emissions decreased by 10 to 12% and the smokeness of exhaust gas by 12 to 25%.

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EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM THE ENGINE RUNNING ON MULTI-COMPONENT FUEL

Transport ◽

10.3846/16484142.2012.690138 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eglė Sendžikienė ◽

Violeta Makarevičienė ◽

Svitlana Kalenska

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Rotation Speed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Camelina Sativa ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Acid Methyl

Possible alternative raw materials for producing biodiesel fuel are as follows: Camelina sativa oil, fibre linseed oil and waste animal fat. The aim of this work was to analyse the emissions of the engine running on multi-component fuels containing fossil diesel fuel (D), linseed or Camelina sativa oil fatty acid methyl esters (LSME and CME respectively) and beef tallow (TME) fatty acid methyl esters. The concentration of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the mixtures with fossil diesel fuel varied from 10% to 30%. The mass proportion of LSME (or CME) and TME in the mixtures was 1:4. The lowest NOxconcentration in exhaust gases was observed when the mixtures contained 10% of biofuel. For the mixtures containing CME and LSME, NOx concentrations reached 290 and 295 ppm respectively when the engine rotation speed was 1200 min−1 and 370 and 375 ppm respectively when rotation speed was 2000 min−1. CO concentration was the lowest when fuel contained 30% of the FAME mixture. HC concentration was slightly higher when the mixtures containing LSME were used relative to the mixtures containing CME. The amount of HC did not fluctuate considerably (195÷254 ppm) at rotation speeds between 1200 and 2000 min−1. Lower HC concentration was found in exhaust gas when the fuels containing 10% and 20% of biofuel were used. The lowest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was found when the mixtures contained 30% of biofuel made of LSME or CME corresponding to 30 µg/m3 and 38 µg/m3 at a rotation speed of 1200 min−1 and 640 µg/m3 and 670 µg/m3 at a rotation speed of 2000 min−1 respectively. The greatest amount of smokiness at a high rotation speed of 2000 min−1 was observed when the mixture contained 30% of multi-component biodiesel fuel. It was found that the fuel containing a mixture of 30% of LSME biofuel and 20% of CME biofuel had a small advantage.

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The Effect of Biodiesel Composition on Characteristics of Blended Summer Diesel Fuel

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.850.133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 850 ◽

pp. 133-137

Author(s):

Valdis Kampars ◽

Ruta Kampare ◽

Anastasija Naumova

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Engine Fuel ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Good Potential

The blends of varying proportions of biodiesel fuel containing fatty acid methyl esters and triacetin (FAME*), synthesised accordingly to Latvian patent LV 15 373 and summer diesel were prepared, analysed and compared with diesel fuel. The selected fuel properties (viscosity, density, carbon residue and cold flow properties) tested accordingly to standard LVS-EN 14214 have indicated a good potential of FAME*, obtained by synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by simultaneous conversion of glycerol to triacetin as a renewable diesel engine fuel. The results showed that blends containing 5 to 25% of FAME* in summer diesel yielded the properties closely matching that of diesel.Introduction

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Determination of Physicochemical Properties and Emissions for Different Blends of Biodiesel from Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus L.) Seeds and Diesel Fuel

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.12.5976 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 2771-2775

Author(s):

Mihaela Gabriela Dumitru ◽

Delia Nica Badea ◽

Dragos Tutunea

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Material Sources

Across the world the fossil fuels are depleting and countries are forced to find an alternative source to reduce green house gases and replace petroleum fuels. Depending of the raw material sources, vegetable oils, animal fats or algae, biodiesel offers a solution for a clean-burning diesel fuel. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seed were collected and the oil was extracted. The oil was transformed into fatty acid methyl esters through a transesterification process and blended in various proportions with diesel fuel. The physico-chemical properties of fuels were determined. Results obtained showed that the biodiesel has a density (0.870 g/cm3), kinematic viscosity 40�C (3.1 mm2/s), flash point (128�C), saponification index (150 mgKOH/g), iodine index (108 mgI2/100g), peroxide index (3.7 mEqO2/Kg) and oxidation stability (6 hours) in the range of UE specifications. The engine tests were conducted on a Deutz F4L912 diesel engine, 51 kW, 4-stroke, air cooled, direct injection diesel engine. From the test performed was observed that the CO and HC emissions were reduced due to high content of oxygen in biodiesel blends.

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Effects of Diesel-Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engine Single Cylinder on the Emission Characteristic

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201822501013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 225 ◽

pp. 01013 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erdiwansyah ◽

R. Mamat ◽

M.S.M. Sani ◽

Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽

R.E Sardjono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Nox Reduction ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Fuel Mixture ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Emission Characteristic ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Power Simulation ◽

Firing Characteristics

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that is used in a diesel engine as a substitute for diesel fuel. However, using biodiesel without a modified engine can cause higher NOx emissions. Therefore, to reduce harmful emissions some strategy must be proposed or or a change in the injection is performed. In this study, injection schemes and engine performance injection time, emissions and firing characteristics of biodiesel mixing results in engines were investigated by using GT-POWER simulation. The simulations in this study were conducted on diesel engines to observe the accuracy in experimental results . The engines were tested at speeds of 1100 rpm, 1300 rpm, and 1500 rpm by using a biodiesel-diesel fuel mixture. The simulation results showed that NOx emissions were found to drop below 100 ppm when biodiesel fuel was used for all performed operations. Meanwhile CO emissions were also decreased by 10%-15% when biodiesel fuel was used, and the thermal efficiency level increased by 2% and 3.5% as compared to pure diesel. The ratio of NOx reduction rates of biodiesel and diesel was 11%-14% as compared to 9.5% with pure diesel. Based on the simulation result, it was shown that the accuracy level of simulation data with experiment was 97%. So this result can be the future testing standard and simulation by using GT-POWER could also be used especially for the automotive industry.

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A Parametric Study on a Diesel Engine Fuelled Using Waste Cooking Oil Blended with Al2O3 Nanoparticle—Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7195

Author(s):

Muruganantham Ponnusamy ◽

Bharathwaaj Ramani ◽

Ravishankar Sathyamruthy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽

Nanoparticle Concentration ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Biodiesel Blends ◽

Acid Methyl

As the environment is humiliated at a disturbing rate, most governments have persistent calls following global energy policies for the utilization of biofuels. This paper essentially examines the portrayal investigations of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid pentyl esters obtained from palm oil. The characterization studies such as gas chromatogram, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry have been performed to study biodiesel’s chemical composition. This article likewise shows biodiesel’s physiochemical properties and concentrates on biodiesel blends’ hypothetical combustion properties with Al2O3 nanoparticles. The spectroscopic investigations demonstrate the contiguity of eight methyl esters and five pentyl esters prevalently of palmitic acid, oleic acid, octanoic acid, and stearic acid. The esters’ nearness was additionally affirmed by the FTIR range, where the peaks in the scope of 1700 cm−1 to 1600 cm−1 can be observed. Looking at the thermophysical properties of the mixes with that of the base diesel fuel yielded the compromising results by giving the comparative density to that of the diesel fuel. The palm oil biodiesel’s calorific value is, by all accounts, diminished by 10% when contrasted with diesel fuel. The addition of the nanoparticles up to 1 g has raised the calorific value most closely to the diesel’s value. Correspondingly, the theoretical burning examinations have demonstrated the limit of biodiesel to go about as an option compared to consistent diesel in the conventional DI–CI engine. This article talks about the combustion attributes of the blend containing 60% diesel, 20% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), and 20% fatty acid pentyl ester (FAPE) with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles at two distinctive concentrations. This article primarily concerns the inquiry of combustion criterion, such as in-chamber pressure variation, rate of heat release, start of combustion, end of combustion, and ignition delay for considered fuel blends when contrasted with neat diesel fuel in a four-stroke, direct-injection, single-cylinder diesel engine. The results showed a decrease in in-cylinder pressure at all loads of engine operation for biodiesel blends when compared with neat diesel, irrespective of the nanoparticle concentration. Biodiesel blends at all nanoparticle concentrations showed an increase in ignition delay compared with diesel fuels at all engine operation loads. The performance results show a slight deterioration in the engine’s thermal efficiency using biodiesel blends, irrespective of the nanoparticle concentration. Additionally, the emissions show a considerable fall in trends for all loads in contrast with diesel fuel.

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An experimental analysis of performance and exhaust emissions of a CRDI diesel engine operating on mixtures containing mineral and renewable components

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-2019-404 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 179 (4) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Kamil DUDA ◽

Sławomir WIERZBICKI ◽

Maciej MIKULSKI

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Fuel Mixture ◽

Common Rail ◽

Injection System ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Load Range ◽

Performance And Emission

The manuscript presents a comparative analysis of the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine equipped with a Common Rail injection system. The engine is fueled with diesel-biodiesel mixtures containing 25% and 50% share (by volume) of renewable components. Conventional diesel is used as a reference. Turkey lard and rapeseed oil are used as raw materials and subjected to the single-stage transesterification process to obtain methyl esters. The experiments are performed on a medium-duty, turbocharged, inter-cooled, Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine. This study concentrates on one engine speed of 1500 rpm, typical for gen-set applications, and mid-load range from 100 Nm to 200 Nm. The scope of measurements covers the analysis of exhaust gasses concentration and engine efficiency parameters. In addition, the in-cylinder pressure measurements are performed in order to provide insight into the differences in combustion characteristics between examined fuel mixtures. The study reveals that the addition of the renewable component to fuel mixture positively affects a number of examined performance parameters as well as decreases the concentration of the examined toxic exhaust components, in the majority of cases.

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The Effects of Injection Timing on BDF in an IDI Diesel Engine

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.619.121 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 619 ◽

pp. 121-124

Author(s):

Eun Sung Kim ◽

Seung Hun Choi

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Biodiesel fuel (BDF) can be effectively used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. The BD, however, may affect performance and exhaust emissions of the diesel engine because it's physical and chemical properties, such as viscosity, compressibility and so on, are different from the diesel fuel. To investigate effects of an injection timing on characteristics of performance and exhaust emissions with the BDF in an IDI (Indirect injection) diesel engine, this research applied the BDF derived from soybean oil in this study. The engine was operated with six different injection timings from TDC to BTDC 12°CA and six different loads at engine speeds of 1500 and 2000 rpm. In less then the BDF 20, the diesel engine showed the similar trend compare to the diesel fuel. But, the best injection timing with the BD 50 was 2°CA retarded compare to the diesel fuel.

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Investigating the Role of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Composition on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics

International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems ◽

10.4273/ijvss.10.4.05 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Author(s):

B. Jeeva ◽

C.R. Rajashekar

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Fame Composition

This experimental study is focused on the significance of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) composition for usage of biodiesel in diesel engines. Karanja Oil Methyl Esters (KOME) from two different feed stocks were selected for the study. FAME composition was analysed by gas chromatography and physical, chemical properties were evaluated. KOME 30% blends with diesel were analysed for performance and Emission characteristics. The present work predicted that H30 sample 1 with higher unsaturation has resulted in higher peak pressure, higher NOx emissions, as compared to H30 sample 2 with lower unsaturation fatty acid methyl ester composition.

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