scholarly journals The analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils deriving from areas of various development

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Ewa Badowska ◽  
Dawid Bandzierz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Contaminants ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Petroleum Pollutants ◽  
Hydrocarbons In Soils

The petroleum pollutants are one of the basic soil contaminants. This is due to the widespread use of petroleum products. Crude oil and its derivatives appear in the environment mainly during their storage and transport. In the research, 16 soil samples from different places were collected and analysed. The selected locations were divided into agricultural, service, recreational, residential and industrial use. The petroleum hydrocarbons were determined, in the range from C10 to C40, according to the standard PN-EN ISO 16703 [1] by means of gas chromatography. The determined results were mostly above the limited values [2] resulting from matching the soil to the group to which the specific area belongs.

A proposed method for rapid and economical extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Siddique ◽  
P. Michael Rutherford ◽  
Joselito M Arocena ◽  
Ronald W Thring
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Soil Contaminants ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Rapid Removal

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) are common soil contaminants. A number of methods have been used to extract PHCs from soil prior to quantification by gas chromatography (GC). These methods often require long extraction times and expensive, specialized equipment. A shaking method was assessed for simple, rapid removal of PHCs from contaminated soils. Shaking spiked and aged contaminated soils for 4 h with acetone:hexane (1:1) at a soil:solvent ratio of 1:30 (g:mL) recovered 74 to 108% of PHC, compared with a Soxhlet extraction, yielding a good correlation (4 h = −93.7 + 0.99 Soxhlet r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Preliminary results show that this 4-h procedure has potential for the quick, inexpensive extraction of PHCs from contaminated soils. Key words: Petroleum hydrocarbons, soil analysis, extraction method, gas chromatography, Soxhlet extraction

scholarly journals Bioremediation of soil polluted with crude oil and its derivatives: Microorganisms, degradation pathways, technologies

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Beskoski ◽  
Gordana Gojgic-Cvijovic ◽  
Jelena Milic ◽  
Mila Ilic ◽  
Srdjan Miletic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Industrial Solvents

The contamination of soil and water with petroleum and its products occurs due to accidental spills during exploitation, transport, processing, storing and use. In order to control the environmental risks caused by petroleum products a variety of techniques based on physical, chemical and biological methods have been used. Biological methods are considered to have a comparative advantage as cost effective and environmentally friendly technologies. Bioremediation, defined as the use of biological systems to destroy and reduce the concentrations of hazardous waste from contaminated sites, is an evolving technology for the removal and degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons as well as industrial solvents, phenols and pesticides. Microorganisms are the main bioremediation agents due to their diverse metabolic capacities. In order to enhance the rate of pollutant degradation the technology optimizes the conditions for the growth of microorganisms present in soil by aeration, nutrient addition and, if necessary, by adding separately prepared microorganisms cultures. The other factors that influence the efficiency of process are temperature, humidity, presence of surfactants, soil pH, mineral composition, content of organic substance of soil as well as type and concentration of contaminant. This paper presents a review of our ex situ bioremediation procedures successfully implemented on the industrial level. This technology was used for treatment of soils contaminated by crude oil and its derivatives originated from refinery as well as soils polluted with oil fuel and transformer oil.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) by Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation in Water with Floating Oil Spill Containment Booms as Bioreactor Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Khalid Sayed ◽  
Lavania Baloo ◽  
Naresh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Effluent

A crude oil spill is a common issue during offshore oil drilling, transport and transfer to onshore. Second, the production of petroleum refinery effluent is known to cause pollution due to its toxic effluent discharge. Sea habitats and onshore soil biota are affected by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as a pollutant in their natural environment. Crude oil pollution in seawater, estuaries and beaches requires an efficient process of cleaning. To remove crude oil pollutants from seawater, various physicochemical and biological treatment methods have been applied worldwide. A biological treatment method using bacteria, fungi and algae has recently gained a lot of attention due to its efficiency and lower cost. This review introduces various studies related to the bioremediation of crude oil, TPH and related petroleum products by bioaugmentation and biostimulation or both together. Bioremediation studies mentioned in this paper can be used for treatment such as emulsified residual spilled oil in seawater with floating oil spill containment booms as an enclosed basin such as a bioreactor, for petroleum hydrocarbons as a pollutant that will help environmental researchers solve these problems and completely clean-up oil spills in seawater.

scholarly journals Assessing Biodegradation Susceptibilities of Selected Petroleum Hydrocarbons at Contaminated Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Markus Heryanto Langsa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Microbial Attack

Assessing Biodegradation Susceptibilities of Selected Petroleum Hydrocarbons at Contaminated Soils (M.H. Langsa): The susceptibility to biodegradation of selected saturated hydrocarbons (SHCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and asphaltenes in a Barrow crude oil and extracts isolated from soils contaminated with the Barrow crude oil at day 0 and 39 was determined. Soil samples were contaminated with a Barrow crude oil across the surface (5% w/w) as part of a mesocosm experiment in order to mimic similar conditions in the environment.  The extent of biodegradation of the Barrow oil extracted from the contaminated soils at day 0 and day 39 was assessed by GC-MS analyses of SHCs and PAHs fractions. Changes in the relative abundances of n-alkanes (loss of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons) and pristane relative to phytane (Pr/Ph) and their diastereoisomers were determined. Changes in the diastereo-isomer ratios of Pr and Ph relate to the decrease in abundance of the phytol-derived 6(R),10(S) isoprenoids with increasing biodegradation. The percentage change in abundances of each of selected alkylnaphathalenes with time (day 0 to 39) was determined, enabling an order of susceptibility of their isomers to biodegradation. It was established that the 2-methylnaphthalene isomers (2-MN) is more susceptible to microbial attack than 1-MN isomer indicated by decreasing in percent abundance from day 0 to 39 for the 2-MN isomer. The GC-MS analyses of the original Barrow oil indicated the oil had not undergone biodegradation. When this oil was used in the soil mesocosm experiments the oil was shown to biodegrade to about a level 2 -3 based on the biodegradation susceptibility of the various SHCs and PAHs described above.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of actual soil samples with high levels of crude oil using a bacterial consortium isolated from two polluted sites: investigation of the survival of the bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Achromobacter Sp

In this study, actual soil samples, taken from Kharg Island, Iran, with high levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were bioremediated by a bacterial consortium. The strains were: Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Achromobacter sp., Brevibacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp., which were isolated from two highly polluted sites: Kharg Island and Kermanshah Oil Refinery. The bacteria were identified and confirmed by biochemical tests and the PCR assay. In order to isolate the bacteria, the enrichment method, in which crude oil (2%) was utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy, was used. The results showed that the adapted bacterial consortium could degrade nearly 60% of the pollution. Also, it was found that after 100 days of bioremediation only Brevibacillus sp. could survive in the environment.

scholarly journals Study on Type Analysis of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products by Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki UBUKATA ◽  
Akihiko KUSAI ◽  
Junichi OSUGA ◽  
Kazuo TANAKA ◽  
Takeo KANEKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

scholarly journals Determination of oil and oil products total content in soils for monitoring of contamination and effectiveness of remediation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
V. L. Samokhvalova ◽  
A. I. Fateev ◽  
P. A. Samokhvalova ◽  
O. V. Mandryka ◽  
V. D. Bublyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

The method of determining the content of oil and petroleum products in the soils is substantiated through the use established by thermogravimetric curves optimum temperatures and time intervals thermal sample of contaminated soil, determination of total losses its weight on the appropriate formula which ensures the quantitative determination of total content level of hydrocarbons of oil and oil products in the soil with increased accuracy and quick testing of the method. In the methodical approach by combining individual components of the known methods thermogravimetry and gas chromatography, the distribution regularities of changes in the sample mass under the influence of thermal effects on a new class of objects with simultaneous production of a rapid method for determination of total content of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, provided simplification soil samples algorithm analyzing for pollution monitoring and the remediation effectiveness of obtaining the economic use of resources. The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, soil quality, namely to the ways of determine the content of oil and petroleum products (diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, etc.) in contaminated soils while of soils lands plot monitoring. The method can be used in the field of conservancy in the oil industrial complex in determining the degree of contamination of soil for rapid analysis of soil samples; in agroecology, soil ecological management for environmental monitoring of technologically contaminated soils of lands plots for various purposes and their using; in research practice - to investigate the  thermal processes and properties of soils; elaboration of scientific and methodical bases of contaminated soils monitoring (diagnosis, assessment, forecast ecological state), environmental regulation of organic nature contaminants in soils; regulation of the using and soil remediation processes to improve quality. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature data and results of long-term experiments it was determined the optimal temperature range of 280–500 ○C with different temperature ranges of thermal evaporation the fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons. Series conducted modeling experiments with varying temperature, time, sample the soils and the changing quantitative and qualitative composition of hydrocarbons in contaminated soils, the total petroleum hydrocarbons thermogravimetric method has been found that the thermal degradation of contaminated soils samples formed various fractions of hydrocarbons, which leads to increased losses mass Dm contaminated soil sample to obtain thermogravimetric curves. By the method of gas chromatography, in the range of 100–200 ○C it is set the selective extraction of lighter fractions of petroleum and petroleum products in the soil; in the range of 280–350 ○C – it is noted a sharp increase in the rate of decomposition of oil saturated hydrocarbons (C10–C40) with intensive gas evolution, the formation of a mixture of reaction products is a significant amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Thus, the use of established ranges of determining the optimum temperature desorption fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons and their thermal degradation of soil samples for thermolysis with simultaneous identification of the total content of oil and petroleum products in the soil, it is possible to determine the total amount of oil hydrocarbons fractions in soil as the amount of oil hydrocarbons. The proposed algorithm method is suitable for the soils of different genesis. It is determined that the consistent increase in temperature is a necessary procedure for the identification of pollution if soil sample analysis of the expected low concentrations of oil and petroleum products and water content in soils of different types and different size distribution of more than 5 % of oil production zones. By evaluating the flow of thermal processes in the surveyed contaminated and uncontaminated soil samples the temperature ranges degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is determined. Their using, as an indicator, significantly reduced the timing of selection of optimal technological parameters of thermal oils in the soils for determining the total content of oil and petroleum products in the soils, pollution monitoring and remediation efficiency control.

scholarly journals Determination of biological markers of organic substances in sediment and soil samples by gas chromatography

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Nemanja Koljančić ◽  
Olga Vyviurska ◽  
Milica Balaban ◽  
Ivan Špánik
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Banja Luka

AbstractOnce they reach the environment, petroleum hydrocarbons undergo various chemical, physico-chemical and biochemical transformation processes. Organic compounds which are not or are very poorly subject to these processes are thermodynamically the most stable isomers and they are called biological markers (biomarkers). This paper presents the results of the determination of organic substances in twelve samples taken in the area of the city of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Two soil samples were taken in the Banja Luka city heating plant area and ten river sediment and soil samples were taken in the upper and lower basin of the Vrbas river in the Banja Luka city area. The aim of this study was to determine the biomarkers of oil-type pollutants in contaminated samples as well as the type of organic substances in samples taken near the contaminated area. Assisted solvent extraction was used to isolate the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from all twelve samples. Fractionation of the extracts into saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions was performed by column chromatography. The fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). On basis of the obtained chromatograms, biomarkers of petroleum pollutants and specific correlation parameters of organic substances in the samples were determined. The dominance of n-alkanes with odd C atoms as well as the presence of an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) on chromatograms of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons showed the presence of anthropogenic organic substances of petroleum origin in the analyzed samples. Based on the obtained chromatograms, it can be concluded that microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in all samples occurred.

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