A proposed method for rapid and economical extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Siddique ◽  
P. Michael Rutherford ◽  
Joselito M Arocena ◽  
Ronald W Thring
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Soil Contaminants ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Rapid Removal

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) are common soil contaminants. A number of methods have been used to extract PHCs from soil prior to quantification by gas chromatography (GC). These methods often require long extraction times and expensive, specialized equipment. A shaking method was assessed for simple, rapid removal of PHCs from contaminated soils. Shaking spiked and aged contaminated soils for 4 h with acetone:hexane (1:1) at a soil:solvent ratio of 1:30 (g:mL) recovered 74 to 108% of PHC, compared with a Soxhlet extraction, yielding a good correlation (4 h = −93.7 + 0.99 Soxhlet r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Preliminary results show that this 4-h procedure has potential for the quick, inexpensive extraction of PHCs from contaminated soils. Key words: Petroleum hydrocarbons, soil analysis, extraction method, gas chromatography, Soxhlet extraction

scholarly journals Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil from different locations using infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Paíga ◽  
Lurdes Mendes ◽  
José Albergaria ◽  
Cristina Delerue-Matos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Ir Analysis

AbstractTotal petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are important environmental contaminants which are toxic to human and environmental receptors. Several analytical methods have been used to quantify TPH levels in contaminated soils, specifically through infrared spectrometry (IR) and gas chromatography (GC). Despite being two of the most used techniques, some issues remain that have been inadequately studied: a) applicability of both techniques to soils contaminated with two distinct types of fuel (petrol and diesel), b) influence of the soil natural organic matter content on the results achieved by various analytical methods, and c) evaluation of the performance of both techniques in analyses of soils with different levels of contamination (presumably non-contaminated and potentially contaminated). The main objectives of this work were to answer these questions and to provide more complete information about the potentials and limitations of GC and IR techniques. The results led us to the following conclusions: a) IR analysis of soils contaminated with petrol is not suitable due to volatilisation losses, b) there is a significant influence of organic matter in IR analysis, and c) both techniques demonstrated the capacity to accurately quantify TPH in soils, irrespective of their contamination levels.

scholarly journals Uso de Leersia hexandra (Poaceae) en la fitorremediación de suelos contaminados con petróleo fresco e intemperizado

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Arias Trinidad ◽  
María Del Carmen Rivera Cruz ◽  
Antonio Roldán Garrigós ◽  
Lorenzo Armando Aceves Navarro ◽  
Roberto Quintero-Lizaola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Leersia Hexandra

The oil industry has generated chronic oil spills and their accumulation in wetlands of the state of Tabasco, in Southeastern Mexico. Waterlogging is a factor that limits the use of remediation technologies because of its high cost and low levels of oil degradation. However, Leersia hexandra is a grass that grows in these contaminated areas with weathered oil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bacteria density, plant biomass production and phytoremediation of L. hexandra in contaminated soil. For this, two experiments in plastic tunnel were performed with fresh (E1) and weathered petroleum (E2) under waterlogging experimental conditions. The E1 was based on eight doses: 6 000, 10 000, 30 000, 60 000, 90 000, 120 000, 150 000 and 180 000 mg.kg-1 dry basis (d. b.) of total petroleum hydrocarbons fresh (TPH-F), and the E2, that evaluated five doses: 14 173, 28 400, 50 598, 75 492 and 112 142 mg. kg-1 d. b. of total petroleum hydrocarbons weathered (TPH-W); a control treatment with 2 607 mg.kg-1 d. b. was used. Each experiment, with eight replicates per treatment, evaluated after three and six months: a) microbial density of total free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) of Azospirillum (AZP) and Azotobacter group (AZT), for viable count in serial plate; b) dry matter production (DMP), quantified gravimetrically as dry weight of L. hexandra; and c) the decontamination percentage of hydrocarbons (PDH) by Soxhlet extraction. In soil with TPH-F, the NFB, AZP y AZT populations were stimulated five times more than the control both at the three and six months; however, concentrations of 150 000 and 180 000 mg.kg-1 d. b. inhibited the bacterial density between 70 and 89 %. Likewise, in soil with TPH-W, the FNB, AZP and AZT inhibitions were 90 %, with the exception of the 14 173 mg.kg-1 d. b. treatment, which stimulated the NFB and AZT in 2 and 0.10 times more than the control, respectively. The DMP was continued at the six months in the experiments, with values of 63 and 89 g in fresh and weathered petroleum, respectively; had no significant differences with the control (p≤0.05). The PDH reached values of 66 to 87 % both TPH-F and TPH-W at six months, respectively. These results demonstrated the ability the L. hexandra rhizosphere to stimulate the high NFB density, vegetal biomass production and phytoremediation of contaminated soils (with fresh and weathered petroleum), in a tropical waterlogging environment.

Analysis of Volatile and Semivolatile Components in Marsdeniae tenocissimae by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Ze Feng Wang ◽  
Ling Shi ◽  
Ai Ping Fan ◽  
Chun Xu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Peak Areas

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for analyses of volatile and semivolatile components in Marsdeniae tenocissimae. The volatile and semivolatile components in stem of Marsdenia tenocissima are extracted by soxhlet extraction method with chloroform. The results show that 46 compositions were identified and accounted for 90.144% of the total peak areas. The major volatile and semivolatile components of stem were: alkanes (12.168%), alcohol (6.732%), aldehydes and ketones (7.272%), fatty acids (46.152%), Esters (13.068%), other (4.752%), respectively. The study provides useful data for further analysis of components of Marsdenia tenocissima.

scholarly journals The analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils deriving from areas of various development

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Ewa Badowska ◽  
Dawid Bandzierz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Contaminants ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Petroleum Pollutants ◽  
Hydrocarbons In Soils

The petroleum pollutants are one of the basic soil contaminants. This is due to the widespread use of petroleum products. Crude oil and its derivatives appear in the environment mainly during their storage and transport. In the research, 16 soil samples from different places were collected and analysed. The selected locations were divided into agricultural, service, recreational, residential and industrial use. The petroleum hydrocarbons were determined, in the range from C10 to C40, according to the standard PN-EN ISO 16703 [1] by means of gas chromatography. The determined results were mostly above the limited values [2] resulting from matching the soil to the group to which the specific area belongs.

GC-MS Analysis of n-hexane Extract of Roots of Aerva lanata (Linn) Juss. ex. Schult.

2021 ◽  
pp. 2479-2482
Author(s):  
Susikumar S ◽  
Nartunai G ◽  
Ilavarasan R
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Splitless Injection ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Aerva Lanata ◽  
Medicinal Activity

Context: The roots of the plant Aerva lanata are extensively used in Indian System of Medicine to cure urinary stones, antidiabetic, diuretic and used as demulcent. Aim: To investigate the phytoconstituents from the n-hexane extract of the roots of Aerva lanata using GC-MS analysis. Materials and Methods Roots of Aerva lanata was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane. The chromatogram was recorded by injecting the extract by splitless injection mode into the GC MS 5975 C Agilent equipped with a QP- 5000 (quadrupole) Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer. Results: 23 phytoconstituents were identified by close matches with standard MS spectra and compared with NIST- 11 and WILEY library data from n-hexane extract. The major compounds reported are oleic acid (21.68%), γ-sitosterol (10.67%), Stigmasterol (5.13%), 3-β,5-α-stigmast-7-en-3-ol (4.23 %) and other constituents were found to be in traceable quantities. Conclusion: GC-MS analysis of roots of Aerva lanata revealed certain interesting facts of presentation of various phytoconstituents. The presence of various phytoconstituents contributes to the medicinal activity of the plant.

Physical Characteristics and Organoleptic Test of Essential Oil Extracted from Sedap malam Flower (Polianthes tuberosa) Using N-Hexane Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Farida Imtiyaz ◽  
Nopia Denvil Wulandari ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

In this work, an essential oil was extracted from from Sedap Malam (Tuberose) flower using n-hexane as the solvent. The extraction process was performed using simple soxhlet extraction method with the ratio between Sedap Malam flower and n-hexane solvent was 1:5. The physical properties, such as density and rendement values of the extracted essential oil were analyzed. The analysis results exhibited that the essential oil has average rendement value of 9.91 % and density value of 0.9275 g/mL. Additionally, organoleptic testing was also carried out to test the response of respondents toward the color and odor/fragrance of the extracted essential oil. The results showed that the responses of the respondents about the color and fragrance of the extracted essential oil were quite satisfactory. The highest responses for both color and the fragrance were belong to “Really Like” category. The extracted essential oil was also characterized using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) apparatus and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) analysis.

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