scholarly journals A set of comprehensive indicators to assess energy flexibility: a case study for residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04044
Author(s):  
Francesco D’Ettorre ◽  
Marcus Brennenstuhl ◽  
Anjukan Kathirgamanathan ◽  
Mattia De Rosa ◽  
Malcolm Yadack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Capacity Change ◽  
External Signals

The increasing share of renewable energy sources in the power industry poses challenges for grid management due to the stochastic nature of their production. Besides the traditional supplyside regulation, grid flexibility can also be provided by the demand side. Demand-Response is an attractive approach based on adapting user demand profiles to match grid supply constraints. Nevertheless, defining the flexibility potential related to buildings is not straightforward and continues to pose challenges. Commonly accepted and standardized indicators for quantifying flexibility are still missing. The present paper proposes a new quantification methodology to assess the energy flexibility of a residential building. A set of comprehensive indicators capturing three key elements of building energy flexibility for demand response, notably, capacity, change in power consumption and cost of the demand response action have been identified. The proposed methodology is applied to a residential building, whose heating system is controlled by means of a model predictive control algorithm. The building model is developed on the basis of the experimental data collected in the framework of a European Commission supported H2020 research project Sim4Blocks, which deals with the implementation of demand response in building clusters. The optimal control problem has been investigated by means of mixed-integer linear programming approach. Real time prices are considered as external signals from the grid driving the DR actions. Results show that the proposed indicators, presented in the form of daily performance maps, allow to effectively assess the energy flexibility potential through its main dimensions and can be easily used either by an end-user or a grid-operator perspective to identify day by day the best DR action to be implemented.

scholarly journals An enhanced operation model for energy storage system of a typical combined cool, heat and power based on demand response program: The application of mixed integer linear programming

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Eshraghi ◽  
Gholamreza Salehi ◽  
Seyedmohammadreza Heibati ◽  
Kamran Lari
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Demand Response Program ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
The Cost

A model for operating an energy hub-based multiple energy generation micro-grid is optimized using the demand response program. The optimized objective model is validated against energy demand of a residential building in Tehran, Iran. The mathematical model and optimal analysis of the proposed tri-generation micro-grid are implemented by using a real-world modelling and considering the constraints of the storage system, demand response program and the performance of the devices and the power and gas grids. The dynamic optimal operation model is prepared on the basis of the mixed integer linear programming on the subsequent day and is solved to minimize the costs of energy supply. To demonstrate the improvements, different scenarios are developed so that the renewable energy resources and storages are fed into the combined cool, heat and power system gradually. The results reveal that the inclusion of each element results in a significant improvement in the operational parameters of the micro energy grid. Scenario 1 includes a combined cool, heat and power system alone, Scenario 2 is supplemented with renewable wind and solar energy resources in addition to combined cool, heat and power system and Scenario 3 includes electrical, heat and cold storages in addition to combined cool, heat and power system and renewable energy sources. Scenario 4 is similar to Scenario 3 in terms of equipment, but the only difference lies in the use of the demand response program in the former. Total operational cost is 12.7% lower in Scenario 2 than in Scenario 1, 9.2% lower in Scenario 3 than in Scenario 2 and 8.6% lower in Scenario 4 than in Scenario 3. Practical application: An optimized operation method is prepared for combined cool, heat and power systems running in different operation modes in which renewable energy sources and storages are added to the combined cool, heat and power and the demand response program is applied. The results reveal that the cost of energy supply, including the cost of electricity, gas and pollutant emissions, is reduced and the qualitative parameters of the operation, including efficiency and reliability of building micro-grid, are increased. The proposed algorithm and the evaluation method will enable building operators to plan demand response activity on the residential building in Tehran, while this can be extended to other buildings too.

scholarly journals Optimal Scheduling of Distributed Energy Resources in Residential Building under the Demand Response Commitment Contract

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keon Baek ◽  
Woong Ko ◽  
Jinho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Management System ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Proposed Model

This study proposes optimal day-ahead demand response (DR) participation strategies and distributed energy resource (DER) management in a residential building under an individual DR contract with a grid-system operator. First, this study introduces a DER management system in the residential building for participation to the day-ahead DR market. The distributed photovoltaic generation system (PV) and energy-storage system (ESS) are applied to reduce the electricity demand in the building and sell surplus energy on the grid. Among loads in the building, lighting (LTG) and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads are included in the DR program. In addition, it is assumed that a power management system of an electric vehicle (EV) charging station is integrated the DER management system. In order to describe stochastic behavior of EV owners, the uncertainty of EV is formulated based on their arrival and departure scenarios. For measuring the economic efficiency of the proposed model, we compare it with the DER self-consuming operation model without DR participation. The problem is solved using mixed integer linear programming to minimize the operating cost. The results in summer and winter are analyzed to evaluate the proposed algorithm’s validity. From these results, the proposed model can be confirmed as reducing operation cost compared to the reference model through optimal day-ahead DR capacity bidding and implementation.

scholarly journals Research on Economic Operation Strategy of CHP Microgrid Considering Renewable Energy Sources and Integrated Energy Demand Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dong ◽  
Shilin Nie ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Peiwen Yang ◽  
Anyuan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Economic Operation

Renewable energy resources (RESs) play an important role in the upgrading and transformation of the global energy structure. However, the question of how to improve the utilization efficiency of RESs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions is still a challenge. Combined heating and power (CHP) is one effective solution and has experienced rapid development. Nevertheless, with the large scale of RESs penetrating into the power system, CHP microgrid economic operation faces great challenges. This paper proposes a CHP microgrid system that contains renewable energy with considering economy, the environment, and system flexibility, and the ultimate goal is to minimize system operation cost and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) cost. Due to the volatility of renewable energy output, the fuzzy C-means (FCM) and clustering comprehensive quality (CCQ) models were first introduced to generate clustering scenarios of the renewable energy output and evaluate the clustering results. In addition, for the sake of improving the flexibility and reliability of the CHP microgrid, this paper considers the battery and integrated energy demand response (IEDR). Moreover, the strategy choices of microgrid operators under the condition of grid-connected and islanded based on environment and interest aspects are also developed, which have rarely been involved in previous studies. Finally, this stochastic optimization problem is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP), which simplifies the calculation process, and the results show that the operation mode under different conditions will have a great impact on microgrid economic and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Demand Side Flexibility Potential and Comfort Performance of Non-Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012151
Author(s):  
Georgios Chantzis ◽  
Panagiota Antoniadou ◽  
Maria Symeonidou ◽  
Effrosyni Giama ◽  
Simeon Oxizidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The need to create and maintain a sustainable indoor environment is now more than ever compelling. Both the legislation framework concerning the energy performance of buildings, as determined in its evolution through the EU Directives 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2018/844/EU, and the European strategic plans towards green buildings, denote the need of sustainability and comfort of indoor environment for the occupant. Moreover, the EU Directive 2018/2001 sets the renewable energy target of at least 32% for 2030, denoting that the high renewable energy sources penetration level leads to challenges in the design and control of power generation, transmission and distribution. Demand side management may be able to provide buildings with the energy flexibility needed, in order to utilize the intermittent production of Renewable Energy Sources in a much more efficient and cost-effective way. The flexibility potential of installed building systems is investigated, while considering the effects on the indoor environment conditions and the perceived comfort. The implemented Demand Response (DR) control strategy shifts loads by changing heating system set point temperatures, based on market clearing prices of the day ahead market. The results indicated a reduction in energy consumption and energy costs, while maintaining indoor environment quality at satisfactory levels.

ENHANCING THE DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES IN HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN DENSE URBAN TROPICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Nadeeka Jayaweera ◽  
Upendra Rajapaksha ◽  
Inoka Manthilake
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Building Model ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Shading Devices

ABSTRACT This study examines the daylight and energy performance of 27 external shading scenarios in a high-rise residential building in the urban tropics. The cooling energy, daytime lighting energy and the spatial daylight autonomy (sDA) of the building model were simulated in Rhino3D and Grasshopper simulation software. The best performance scenario (vertical and horizontal shading on the twentieth floor, horizontal shading only for the eleventh floor and no shading for the second floor) satisfied 75 sDA(300lx|50) with corresponding annual enery performance of 16%–20% in the cardinal directions. The baseline scenario, which is the current practice of providing balconies on all floors, reduced daylight to less than 75 sDA on the eleventh and second floor, even though it had higher annual enery performance (19%–24%) than the best performance scenario. Application of the design principles to a case study indicated that 58% of the spaces had over 75 sDA for both Baseline and Best performance scenarios, while an increase in enery performance of 1%–3% was found in the Best performance scenario compared to the Baseline.

scholarly journals Matching of Local Load with On-Site PV Production in a Grid-Connected Residential Building

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arslan Bashir ◽  
Mahdi Pourakbari Kasmaei ◽  
Amir Safdarian ◽  
Matti Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Pv Generation ◽  
Heating Loads ◽  
And Storage

Efficient utilization of renewable generation inside microgrids remains challenging. In most existing studies, the goal is to optimize the energy cost of microgrids by working in synergy with the main grid. This work aimed at maximizing the self-consumption of on-site photovoltaic (PV) generation using an electrical storage, as well as demand response solutions, in a building that was also capable of interacting with the main grid. Ten-minute resolution data were used to capture the temporal behavior of the weather. Extensive mathematical models were employed to estimate the demand for hot-water consumption, space cooling, and heating loads. The proposed framework is cast as mixed-integer linear programming model while minimizing the interaction with the grid. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, it was applied to a typical Finnish household. Matching indices were used to evaluate the degree of overlap between generation and demand under different PV penetrations and storage capacities. Despite negative correlation of PV generation with Finnish seasonal consumption, a significant portion of demand can be satisfied solely with on-site PV generation during the spring and summer seasons.

Improvements of Energy Balance of Existing Residential Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Mária Budiaková
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
The Individual

The paper is oriented on searching for possibilities, which would approach the existing residential buildings to zero energy buildings. Existing residential buildings must remain competitive in the real estate market. Therefore, this paper is focused on progressive solutions, which application will significantly contribute to the approach towards zero energy balance. I have done my research on a concrete residential building in Bratislava. Scientifically I analyze the individual phases of improvement of this residential building. Firstly, I calculate the annual energy balance for individual phases, then I evaluate them. The basic improvement phases of energy balance of concrete residential building: insulation, regulation of heating system, application of heat pumps, application of solar collectors and photovoltaic modules. The scientific outputs are presented by well arranged graphs. Each improvement phase is analyzed in detail with introduced risks and contribution for energy balance. I will point out the problem of incorrect architectural design from the energy point of view, which remains a serious obstacle for further possible improvements with modern technological systems. By this research, I want to point out new possibilities for existing residential buildings.

Demand Side Electric Energy Consumption Optimization in a Smart Household Using Scheduling and Model Predictive Temperature Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Taik ◽  
Bálint Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Input Constraints ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization

Abstract Utility companies seek to increase energy efficiency and productivity and try to reduce peak loads. This often involves consumer-side demand management in residential areas using dynamic time-of-use (ToU) tariff. Such strategies work if the consumer-side response is at least partly automated using some real-time optimization strategy. Our paper proposes a consumer-side optimization and control framework for scheduling the electric appliances in a smart household and preserving a thermal comfort level through an electric heating system. Our framework consists of two optimization components interacting with each other. The first optimization component schedules the home appliances based on a mixed integer programming approach. An electric vehicle (EV) is considered as a special home appliance with an energy storage capability. The second optimization component is the model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the electric heating system, such that the input constraints are defined by the scheduling results of the first component. Due to outside temperature variations, the input constraints may impede the MPC to maintain the required thermal comfort, which triggers a rescheduling event for the first component. The efficiency of the framework is presented in multiple simulations for scenarios with different consumer behaviors.

Analysis of Green Building Design in the Northeast Cold Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 976-979
Author(s):  
Hui Xing Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guo Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Water System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Local Conditions

Green residential building is energy conservation, environmental protection, healthy and comfortable and stress efficiency. Green building respects the local natural and humanities, climate. Adjust measures to local conditions, use local materials, so there is no definite construction patterns and rules. In this paper a green residential buildings from Shenyang, focus on the analysis of the well insulated building envelope, radiant floor heating system with control system, solar hot water system in the building. At the same time, analysis of the energy saving technology can reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions compare with "Residential building energy saving design standards "at Liaoning area. The project gives some experience to other designers in the process of green buildings design and promotes it constructed in the northeastern regions.

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