scholarly journals Revealing Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylenes (BTEX) Emission at Gas Stations, Case Study in Semarang City

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Haryono S Huboyo ◽  
Irawan W Wardhana ◽  
Auliafika Resminingpuri
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
Station Location ◽  
And Storage

Evaporation of gasoline at gas stations is the origin of air pollutants in gas station environment. This study is intended to estimate BTEX emission levels at gas stations and mapping BTEX emissions at all gas stations in Semarang. 4.09 D Tank Program with supported data collected by survey and secondary data used to calculate the estimated emissions. We also measured BTEX levels in the gas station location sample with charcoal tubes as adsorbent and PCXR4 mini pump sampler. The emissions from dispensers and storage tanks in gas stations have different emission characteristics. The amount of emissions from dispensers for VOC pollutants is 3.9261 tons/year and benzene is 0.0561 tons/year (case study UNDIP gas station). While the emission from a storage tank for VOC pollutants was 232.91 tons/year, benzene was 1.79 tons/year, toluene was 33.36 tons/year, ethylbenzene was 0.39 tons/year, and xylene was 1.43 Tons/year. The estimation results of the model with the results of direct BTEX measurements in the field showed that the field measurement results were smaller than those estimated. Some assumptions used in the calculations contribute to estimating uncertainty. The measured BTEX concentration still meets the quality standard (Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Regulation No. 13 of 2011).

Exposure Assessment to Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene and Xylene (BTEX) in Gas Stations in Central Region of Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Ebrahemzadih ◽  
Abolfazl Barkhordari Firooz Abadi ◽  
Omid Giahi ◽  
Nasim Tahmasebi
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Benzene Toluene

scholarly journals Resistance to PPE Using by Gas Station Attendants

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Ananda Vieira de Lima Almeida ◽  
Vitor Erick Cardoso Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
The City ◽  
Contemporary Context

The discussion about the use, or not, of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by gas station attendants has been growing, in the contemporary context, due to the expansive increase in the consequences generated by the absence of this essential equipment at gas stations. The present study highlighted the importance of raising awareness among the attendants regarding their working conditions, mainly due to the high exposure to toxic compounds. At this core, resistance to use PPE by these workers comesfrom sociocultural issues that notoriously influence the conditionsimposed by this service. In this logic, the case study, determined by the book of Research Methodology by Marconi and Lakatos (2003), thistheme is based on data collection at gasstationsin the city of Salvador- BA, in 2021, to highlight the situations faced by these professionals and, consequently, the impacts on their quality of life and health. The resistance to the use of this equipment harms the present and future well-being of the attendants.

The concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in ambient air of the gas stations in Iran: A systematic review and probabilistic health risk assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372098121
Author(s):  
Zahra Soltanpour ◽  
Yousef Mohammadian ◽  
Yadolah Fakhri
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
Health Risk Assessments

Exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) has been reported in gas stations. Exposure to BTEX can result in adverse health outcomes in workers such as cancer and neurological effects. The health risk assessments of exposure to BTEX could be useful in choosing suitable control measures. In this review, data from previous studies of gas station environments in Iran were collected from years 2000 to 2020. The health risk assessments were conducted through the estimation of cancer and noncancer risks using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the US Environmental Protection Agency method. The results showed that exposure to BTEX in some cities of Iran was greater than the occupational exposure limits. The results of cancer risk assessments demonstrated that cancer risk was not increased. However, results of noncancer risk assessments demonstrated that neurological toxicity from exposure to BTEX was significant in different cities of Iran. The health risk assessments indicated that workers at gas station are at health risk.

scholarly journals Monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene isomers emission from Shahreza gas stations in 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Hajizadeh ◽  
Hamidreza Pourzamani ◽  
MohamadMehdi Amin ◽  
Farhad Esmaelnejad
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Xylene Isomers

scholarly journals ANALISISMODEL ANTRIANPADA PELAYANAN PELANGGAN (STUDI KASUS PENGISIAN BAHAN BAKAR PADA SPBU KOTA JAMBI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Queueing Model ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Short Queue ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
Number Of Customers

The study entitled analysis of queueing model on customer service, the object on the study is Gas Stations 24.361.35 city of Jambi. The purpose of this research is tolook at the situation which occurred in Gas Station queues 24.361.35 city of Jambi, the source of the data in this study is primary data obtained from direct observations in the field, and the secondary data in the form of books relating to the research, while the processing of data in this study using POM/QM software for Windows 3.0. from the results of the data processing can be drawn the conclusion that the model applied by Gas Station queues 24.361.35 Jambi City can be said to be optimal, this is because the number of customers who come in can be served well with a short queue time.Keywords : queue, service, customer

scholarly journals Identifikasi Senyawa BTEX pada Asap Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Dua

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
YUSUF EKA MAULANA ◽  
TRISNA YULIANA ◽  
AINI ASPIATI ROHMAH
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Hazardous Compounds ◽  
Btex Compounds

 AbstrakPenggunaan kendaraan bermotor roda dua di Indonesia semakin berkembang pesat. Semakin tinggi tingkat penggunaan transportasi yang beroperasi disuatu daerah, maka akan semakin tinggi pula potensi pencemaran udara di daerah tersebut. Jika pembakaran pada kendaraan bermotor tidak sempurna maka dapat dihasilkan senyawa yang berbahaya yaitu benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), ethylbenzene (C8H9), dan xylene (C8H10) atau biasa disingkat BTEX. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa BTEX dan senyawa hidrokarbon lainnya dalam asap kendaraan bermotor dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan yangsangat kuat antara standard dengan hasil pengukuran yaitu dengan R2 di atas 0,99. Identifikasi menunjukkan senyawa BTEX yang terbentuk adalah Benzene, Toluene, Etil Benzene, Xylene.Kata kunci: kendaraan bermotor, hidro karbon, BTEX, GC-MS.AbstractThe use of two wheels motorized vehicles or motorcycles in Indonesia is growing rapidly. It has been known that the greater the number of two wheels motorized vehicles the higher the potential for air pollution. If the combustion occur incomplete, hazardous compounds can be generated, namely benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), ethylbenzene (C8H9), and xylene (C8H10) or commonly abbreviated BTEX. The purpose of this study was to identify BTEX compounds and other hydrocarbon compounds in motor vehicle fumes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometers. The identification results indicate a very strong relationship between the standard and the measurement results, with R2 above 0.99. Identification shows that BTEX compounds formed are Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene. Keywords: motorcycles, hidro karbon, BTEX, GC-MS.

Cyber crimes in the banking sector: Case study of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Thanh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Minh Chau ◽  
Pham Ngoc Mai ◽  
Ngo Ha Phuong ◽  
Vu Khanh Huyen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Cyber Crimes

The technological revolution 4.0 brings great opportunities, but also cybercrimes to economic sectors, especially to banks. Using secondary data and survey results of 305 bank clients, the main findings of this paper are: (i) there are several types of cybercrimes in the banking sector; (ii) Vietnam is one of the top countries worldwide having hackers and being attacked by hackers, especially the banking sector. Three most common attacks are skimming, hacking and phishing. Number of cybercrime attacks in Vietnam are increasing rapidly over years; (iii) Vietnamese customers are very vulnerable to cybercrime in banking, as more than 58% seem to hear about cybercrimes, and how banks provide services to let them know about their transactions. However, more than 50% do not have any deep knowledge or any measures for preventing cybercrime; (iii) Customers believe in banks, but do not think that banks can deal with cybercrime issues well. They still feel traditional transactions are more secure than e-transactions; (iv) the reasons for high cybercrimes come from commercial banks (low management and human capacity), supporting environment (inadequate), legal framework (not yet strong and strict enough on cybercrimes), and clients (low level of financial literacy). Therefore, several solutions should be carried out, from all stakeholders, for improving the cybersecurity in Vietnamese banks. 

ANALISIS KINERJA ASURANSI SYARIAH MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN MASLAHAH SCORECARD (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Asuransi Takaful Umum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Jaharuddin Jahar ◽  
Melia Rostiana ◽  
R Melda Maesarach
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
A Value ◽  
Takaful Insurance ◽  
Collection Methods

The purpose of this study was to decide the elements of performance at PT. General Takaful Insurance, to find out how to measure performance using the scorecard approach that is by measuring process performance and results performance, and interpreting in the form of conclusions. In this study, researchers tested apply maslahah at PT. General Takaful Insurance with a case study design. This research is a type of quantitative and qualitative research because it uses measurement data through formulas and if interpretative qualitative, and the data used are primary and secondary data. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that PT. General Takaful Insurance received a value of the performance benefit process of 0.7 which indicates that the company simply applied benefits in terms of process performance. And behave the benefit of PT. General Takaful Insurance got a value of 0.89 which shows that the company is quite good in providing benefits to stakeholders and shareholders. Keyword: Performance, Insurance, Scorecard Maslahah

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