scholarly journals Experimental Platform Development of Similar Simulation and Mechanical Test for Undersea Metal Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 03032
Author(s):  
Zhixiang Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Dai ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
Yuxi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Test System ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Model Sample ◽  
Similar Simulation Test ◽  
Seabed Mining ◽  
Safe Thickness ◽  
Mental Resources ◽  
Similar Simulation

With the depletion of shallow metal resources in the land, the development of seabed resources has become a new direction. In order to achieve safe and efficient exploitation of seabed metal mineral resources, a similar simulation test platform was established for seabed mining of metal minerals in this paper. Similar simulation materials and the best material ratios were selected to make simulated specimens. A series of mechanical pressurization devices and model sample were prototyped and submarine simulation mining test was conducted. During the simulation mining test, stress and strain changes and microscopic observations of crack evolution were monitored by the static strain test system. These indicators revealed the characteristics of ore-rock mechanical change in the development of submarine mental resources. By exploring the best safe thickness of seabed resource mining, it provides effective data reference for subsequent seabed resource development, so as to realize safe and efficient mining.

The Effects of Cooling Rate Upon Xdt m TiAl Weld Microstructure

1990 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Robertson ◽  
Mary Ann Hill ◽  
Ricardo B. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Test System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Solid State Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weld Microstructure

AbstractFusion zone microstructures of an electron beam (EB) welded XDt m Ti–48at%Al + 6.5 vol% TiB2 alloy revealed plate-like precipitates which were absent in the base metal. The volume fraction of this phase increased with increasing cooling rate and correlated with increased weld cracking frequency. To determine whether this phase was a product of solidification from the melt or a product of a solid-state transformation, the microstructures of the welds were compared to those of samples cycled in a Gleeble 1500/20 Thermal-Mechanical Test System which was programmed to simulate the solid-state portion of the weld cooling rates (as predicted by a Rosenthal analysis). The microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical and by scanning electron microscopy. The plate-like phase found in the weld microstructures was identified as TiB2 occurring upon rapid solidification of the melted weld metal.

Test Machine and Control System Interactions in the Evaluation of Rate-Dependent Metal Flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Brown ◽  
V. R. Dave
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Test System ◽  
Rate Change ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Strain Rate Change ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
And Control

Although rate-change experiments are essential for characterizing rate-dependent flow, certain nonobvious aspects of test machine dynamic response and control system strategies can distort rate-change data. These distortions are large enough to cause rate-change experiments to characterize the test system dynamic response instead of the test material’s rate dependence. We demonstrate that both relaxation and strain rate change experiments exhibit this potential distortion of test data. Investigators performing these experiments must therefore examine control error carefully to assure that the experiments are valid. We demonstrate that the standard PID control modes normally used in servocontrolled mechanical test equipment will generate error. Either P or PD control modes are more appropriate for rate-change experiments.

Experimental Study on Creep Characteristics of Coal under Uniaxial Compression

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Yong Jie Yang ◽  
Ming Fu Guo ◽  
Dong Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Test System ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Creep Failure ◽  
Deep Mine ◽  
Creep Coefficient ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Creep Characteristics ◽  
Cubic Polynomial ◽  
Rock Mechanical Test

Generally surrounding rocks of deep mine show the typical creep characteristics and the multi stage loading creep test of coal was carried out by MTS815 rock mechanical test system in this paper. Compared to the creep coefficient of other rocks, creep coefficient of coal is relatively small. Coal creep failure changes obviously when load level is higher than the threshold stress. The constitutive characteristics of creep failure of coal can be fitted preferably by the Cubic Polynomial.

Effect of Reserved Texture on Mechanical Properties of Cold Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wire

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1948-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chu Zhou ◽  
Yu Fei Zhao ◽  
Feng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
Test System ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, pearlitic steel wire with/without reserved texture were investigated with the help of mechanical test system, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRD. Experimental result shows that: Tensile strength of two wire are almost same. After cold drawn tensile strength of wire with reserved texture are higher than tensile strength of the without one. Before cold drawn, two wires have same microstructure of isometric pearlite and after drawing the wire with reserved texture has less shear deformed pearlitic colony. Intensity of <110> fiber texture in the wire with reserved texture are stronger than the without one at all strains. The stronger <110> texture mean the orientation of α-ferrite lamella were more closely and improve working hardening rate of pearlitic wire.

Triaxial Failure of Aluminium Foams

Aerospace ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ruan ◽  
G. Lu ◽  
B. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Yield Surface ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Test System ◽  
Metallic Foam ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Energy Absorbers

Aluminium foam is a type of cellular materials and offers potential for lightweight structures and energy absorbers in automotive and aerospace industries. They may be subject to multiaxial loads in these applications and it is essential to have a failure criterion in terms of the stresses which cause yield. Three criteria have been proposed so far. Gibson and Ashby deduced a yield surface by using dimentional arguments for ideal, isotropic, homogenous foams. Miller’s yield surface was based on the model of Drucker and Prager, which was originally proposed as a model for soil. It incorporated a linear and quadratic dependence on the pressure. Deshpande and Fleck modified the yield criterion of solid metals to account for the effect of porosity on the yield criterion for a metallic foam. In this paper, triaxial tests of CYMAT aluminium foams were conducted by using MTS (Mechanical Test System) with a Hoek Cell to investigate their yield surfaces experimentally. Five types of aluminium foams with nominal relative densities. of 5%, 10%, 15%, 17% and 20% were tested for a range of axisymmetric compressive stress states. Experimental results were compared with three theoretical criteria. Triaxial tests at various strain rates (from 10−4 to 10+1 s−1) were also performed in this paper to investigate the influence of strain rate on the yield surface.

International Investment Protection in Deep Seabed Mining Beyond National Jurisdiction

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 890-929
Author(s):  
Joanna Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Exploratory Stage ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Seabed Mining

Abstract The deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction comprises almost three-quarters of the entire surface area of our oceans. It boasts an array of mineral resources, including valuable metals and rare earth elements. Acting under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the International Seabed Authority is responsible for regulating this area and granting mining contracts to allow investors to explore for and exploit deep seabed minerals. As yet, deep seabed mining activities have been confined to the exploratory stage. However, recently, there has been a marked growth in deep seabed investment by private corporate actors. As technology advances and commercial appetite increases, extraction of deep seabed minerals may soon commence. In this context, this article seeks to address crucial legal issues facing pioneers of deep seabed mining. What is the extent of investment protection within the existing regime? And are there dispute resolution options to enforce such protection?

The Deep Seabed beyond National Jurisdiction and the Rise of Mining Activities within it by Non-state Actors

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Joanna Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Seabed Mining ◽  
Technological Analysis

Chapter 2 addresses the importance of the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction and charts the rise in mining activities within it, drawing on scientific, geological and technological analysis, where appropriate, to place deep seabed mining in its broader context. In order to do so, Chapter 2 assesses the scope of the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction (in contrast to the maritime zones under national jurisdiction, including the continental shelf). The chapter then examines the types of mineral resources that the deep seabed contains (including the potential for rare earth elements). Thereafter, the chapter explores the likely viability of deep seabed mining, both in terms of its impact on the marine environment, and in light of technological challenges and market prospects. Chapter 2 also provides an overview of the current extent of mining activities authorised by the International Seabed Authority (ISA).

Experimental Study of Micro-Scale Laser Shock Peening on Copper Foils

2011 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhu ◽  
Jian Zhong Zhou ◽  
M Wang ◽  
Shu Huang ◽  
Deng Hui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Energy ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Test System ◽  
Laser Shock Peening ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Copper Foils ◽  
Typical Experiment ◽  
Shock Peening ◽  
Reliability Performance

Micro-scale laser shock peening (μLSP) is a flexible and precise process that can potentially be applied to metallic structures in micro devices to improve strength and reliability performance. In order to understand the mechanism of μLSP process, a typical experiment was carried out for copper foils specimen with various process parameters. Surface morphology, deformation and hardness of the specimens were observed and characterized by 3D microscope system and situ nano-mechanical test system respectively. It was found that overlapping rate of laser spot has a little effect on microscopic deformation depth which increases slowly with the increasing of laser energy, and micro-hardness of the laser treated specimens was improved significantly.

Peri-Implant Strain in an In Vitro Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souheil Hussaini ◽  
Tritala K. Vaidyanathan ◽  
Abhinav P. Wadkar ◽  
Firas A. Al Quran ◽  
David Ehrenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Test System ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bone Atrophy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vitro Model

An in vitro experimental model was designed and tested to determine the influence that peri-implant strain may have on the overall crestal bone. Strain gages were attached to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) models containing a screw-type root form implant at sites 1 mm from the resin-implant interface. Three different types of crown superstructures (cemented, 1-screw [UCLA] and 2-screw abutment types) were tested. Loading (1 Hz, 200 N load) was performed using a MTS Mechanical Test System. The strain gage data were stored and organized in a computer for statistical treatment. Strains for all abutment types did not exceed the physiological range for modeling and remodeling of cancellous bone, 200–2500 μɛ (microstrain). For approximately one-quarter of the trials, the strain values were less than 200 μɛ the zone for bone atrophy. The mean microstrain obtained was 517.7 μɛ. In conclusion, the peri-implant strain in this in vitro model did not exceed the physiologic range of bone remodeling under axial occlusal loading.

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