Description of the stability of residual marine fuel using ternary phase diagrams and SARA analysis

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202126602006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 266 ◽

pp. 02006

Author(s):

K.I. Smyshlyaeva ◽

N.K. Kondrasheva ◽

V.A. Rudko

Keyword(s):

Phase Diagrams ◽

Ternary Phase ◽

Graphic Method ◽

Marine Fuel ◽

Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽

The Stability

The results of the analysis of the properties of components of residual marine fuels (RMF) are described. The stability areas of marine fuels are determined using ternary phase diagrams VisRes - ULSD – LGOCC, Asphalt – ULSD – LCGO, Asphalt – ULSD – LGODC. The graphic method for determining the stability of A.B. Stankiewicz based on SARA analysis is used to describe the stability of RMF on the basis of VisRes - ULSD – LGOCC. The areas of stability, instability, and metastability of marine fuel are presented on the graph according to the Stankiewicz method, which can be used to predict the stability of RMF.

Download Full-text

Stability of As and B doped Si with respect to overlaying CoSi2 and TiSi2 thin films

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1989.1209 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1209-1217 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

K. Maex ◽

G. Ghosh ◽

L. Delaey ◽

V. Probst ◽

P. Lippens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Thin Films ◽

Phase Diagrams ◽

Thermodynamic Data ◽

Ternary Phase ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Silicide Formation ◽

Isothermal Sections ◽

Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽

The Stability

The thermodynamic equilibrium of structures consisting of a thin film silicide (TiSi2 or CoSi2) on doped Si (with As or B) is investigated. Isothermal sections of the ternary phase diagrams for Ti–Si–B, Co–Si–B, Ti–Si–As, and Co–Si–As have been evaluated, indicating the stability of high B concentrations in Si underneath a CoSi2 layer, the instability of high As concentrations in Si underneath a CoSi2 layer, and of B and As concentrations underneath a TiSi2 layer. The obtained thermodynamic predictions agree very well with experimental results (i) on the redistribution of dopants during silicide formation, (ii) on the diffusion of dopants from an ion implanted silicide, and (iii) on the stability of highly doped regions underneath the silicide, both for the case of TiSi2 and CoSi2. It is shown that even though the inaccuracy of reported thermodynamic data is substantial, thermodynamic calculations provide a useful guidance and are consistent with the experimental results.

Download Full-text

Effect of a Third Element on the Stability of NiSi Thin Films on Si

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.249.127 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 249 ◽

pp. 127-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dominique Mangelinck

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Phase Diagrams ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Driving Force ◽

Ternary Phase ◽

The Third ◽

Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽

The Stability ◽

Thermal Stability Of

The effect of Pt and Ge on the stability of NiSi films has been examined. The addition of a small amount of Pt (5 at%) in the Ni film increases the disilicide nucleation temperature to 900oC leading to a better stability of NiSi at high temperatures. For Ni films on Si1-xGex with x=0.29 and 0.58, no NiSi2 was found after annealing at 850°C. The increase in thermal stability of NiSi has been explained in terms of nucleation concept. Calculated ternary phase diagrams allow to understand the effect of the third element (Pt or Ge) on the driving force for nucleation. The redistribution of this element can also be explained with the ternary phase diagrams.

Download Full-text

Development of Oral Microemulsions of Morus alba Extract for Osteoarthritis

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1060.41 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1060 ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

Thapani Noi-Ang ◽

Anusorn Charoensin ◽

Aksiporn Warangkanagool ◽

Athid Kulkong ◽

Nattaporn Soonthornsit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Diagrams ◽

High Performance ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Ternary Phase ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Stability Study ◽

Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽

The Stability ◽

Precipitation Phase

This study aimed to develop oral microemulsions (MEs) containing M. alba extract. The stability study of the extract incorporated in the ME was also included. First, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed using caprylic/capric triglyceride (oil), PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides (S), polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate (CoS). Propylene glycol (PG) was used as a cosolvent. Then, the formulations were chosen to incorporate MSE and subjected to stability testing at 4o C, room temperature (RT) and 45o C at 75% RH for 8 weeks. Physical stability of the formulations was assessed by visual observation on the precipitation, phase separation and cloud point. Chemical stability was determined by quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that with increasing the ratio of S/CoS, the area of ME existing region in phase diagrams increased. The addition of PG into aqueous phase at ratio 1:1 slightly affected the formation of MEs. Physical stability was not affected by temperature but was influenced by the components of the formulations. However, degradation of the extract was affected by both temperature and components of the formulations. The extract was stable at 4o C and RT. However, at 45o C, it degraded about 16-57%, depending on the components of the formulations. The best ME formulation consisted of 10% caprylic/capric triglyceride, 80% PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides and polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate (4:1), and 10% water and PG (1:1).

Download Full-text

Influence of Asphaltenes on the Low-Sulphur Residual Marine Fuels’ Stability

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9111235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1235

Author(s):

Ksenia I. Smyshlyaeva ◽

Viacheslav A. Rudko ◽

Vladimir G. Povarov ◽

Alina A. Shaidulina ◽

Ignaty Efimov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Diagrams ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Heavy Oil ◽

Ternary Phase ◽

Vacuum Residue ◽

Gas Oil ◽

Sedimentation Stability ◽

Marine Fuel ◽

Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽

Heavy Oil Residues

The effects of asphaltenes from two heavy oil residues on the sedimentation stability of residual marine fuels were assessed and compared. As base components of residual marine fuels, the vacuum residue (VacRes) and visbreaking residue (VisRes) were taken. The heptane-insoluble fractions (HI-fractions), including asphaltenes, isolated from vacuum residue and visbreaking residue, were analyzed to determine the elemental composition (XRF) and cluster parameters (XRD). The results of the analysis of the parameters of the asphaltene cluster (HI-fraction) for vacuum residue and visbreaking residue showed that dγ – 6.1 and 5.9 Å, Lc – 26.72 and 20.78 Å, and La – 7.68 and 7.20 Å. The sedimentation stability of residual marine fuel was determined according to the ISO 10307-1-2009 (TSA) method and described using ternary phase diagrams. The ratio of stable compositions to the total number of possible compositions (with a step of 10 wt%) was 65/66 or 98.5% for residual marine fuel comprising a mixture VacRes/ULSD/LCGO (vacuum residue/ultra-low sulphur diesel/light catalytic gas oil). Meanwhile, the ratio of stable compositions to the total number of possible compositions was 38/66 or 57.6% for residual marine fuel comprising a mixture VisRes/ULSD/LCGO (visbreaking residue/ultra-low sulphur diesel/light catalytic gas oil).

Download Full-text