scholarly journals Analysis of vector hysteresis models in comparison to anhysteretic magnetization model

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 20901
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Fabian Müller ◽  
Gregor Bavendiek ◽  
Kay Hameyer
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Model ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Anisotropic Model ◽  
Magnetic Actuators ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Density Vector ◽  
Single Sheet ◽  
Anhysteretic Magnetization

The design of electrical machines and magnetic actuators requires accurate models to represent hysteresis effects in ferromagnetic materials. The magnetic nonlinearity of the iron core is usually considered by an anhysteretic magnetization curve. With this assumption, hysteresis’ effects in the field computation are completely neglected. This paper presents a comparative study of different hysteresis models, particularly Pragmatic Algebraic Model (PAM) and vector stop model, with regard to a vector anhysteretic anisotropic model. The PAM turns out to be an efficient model implemented with one mathematical equation. The multi cells stop model relies on a consistent thermodynamic formulation, whose dissipation corresponds to a dry friction-like element. Both models implement a constitutive relationship, in which the magnetic flux density vector as independent input and magnetic field strength as output. With a rotational single sheet tester (RSST), various tests for a sample of material FeSi24-50A (FeSi) with a silicon proportion of 2.4 wt% can be proceeded under the application of relevant field distribution. The obtained measured data are applied to parameterize and validate the models. Following numerical experiments the results are compared with those obtained by means of an anhysteretic anisotropic model.

scholarly journals A Magnetic-Coupled Nonlinear Electromagnetic Generator with Both Wideband and High-Power Performance

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Manjuan Huang ◽  
Yunfei Li ◽  
Xiaowei Feng ◽  
Tianyi Tang ◽  
Huicong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Electromagnetic Generator ◽  
High Output

This paper proposed a high-performance magnetic-coupled nonlinear electromagnetic generator (MNL-EMG). A high-permeability iron core is incorporated to the coil. The strong coupling between the iron core and the vibrating magnets lead to significantly improved output power and a broadened operating bandwidth. The magnetic force of the iron core to the permanent magnets and the magnetic flux density inside the iron core are simulated, and the dimension parameters of the MNL-EMG are optimized. Under acceleration of 1.5 g, the MNL-EMG can maintain high output performance in a wide frequency range of 17~30 Hz, which is 4.3 times wider than that of linear electromagnetic generator (EMG) without an iron core. The maximum output power of MNL-EMG reaches 174 mW under the optimal load of 35 Ω, which is higher than those of most vibration generators with frequency less than 30 Hz. The maximum 360 parallel-connected LEDs were successfully lit by the prototype. Moreover, the prototype has an excellent charging performance such that a 1.2 V, 900 mAh Ni-MH battery was charged from 0.95 V to 0.98 V in 240 s. Both the simulation and experiments verify that the proposed bistable EMG device based on magnetic coupling has advantages of wide operating bandwidth and high output power, which could be sufficient to power micro electronic devices.

scholarly journals New Scientific Contribution on the 2-D Subdomain Technique in Cartesian Coordinates: Taking into Account of Iron Parts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Dubas ◽  
Kamel Boughrara
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Maxwell’S Equations ◽  
Maxwell's Equations ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cartesian Coordinates ◽  
Density Distributions

The most significant assumptions in the subdomain technique (i.e., based on the formal resolution of Maxwell's equations applied in subdomain) is defined by: “The iron parts (i.e., the teeth and the back-iron) are considered to be infinitely permeable so that the saturation effect is neglected”. In this paper, the author presents a new scientific contribution on improving of this method in two-dimensional (2-D) and in Cartesian coordinates by focusing on the consideration of iron. The subdomains connection is carried out in the two directions (i.e., x- and y-edges). The improvement was performed by solving magnetostatic Maxwell's equations for an air- or iron-core coil supplied by a direct current. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed technique, the magnetic flux density distributions have been compared with those obtained by the 2-D finite-element analysis (FEA). The semi-analytical results are in quite satisfying agreement with those obtained by the 2-D FEA, considering both amplitude and waveform.

Design and Analysis of a High Efficient Multi-Segment Redundancy Linear Motor

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyuan Shi ◽  
Jingang Jiang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Zili Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Linear Motor ◽  
Normal Direction ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Linear Motors ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
The One ◽  
Direction Component

Background: The electromagnetic aircraft launch system is used to assists the carrier aircraft to accelerate takeoff on a short distance on the flight deck. Linear motors are required to have high efficiency and thrust / volume ratio, as the actuator of the EMALS. In addition, linear motors were required have the fluctuation of the thrust is as small as possible to prevent impact and overstress on the airborne equipment. The thrust performance and thrust fluctuation suppression of linear motors are the current research hotspots in the field of EMALS. Objective: To improve the efficiency of the system, this paper proposes a multi-segment LPMSM. Methods: We design a decentralized primary structure based on the Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS) concept. Only the coils near the moving secondary are motivated during the launch process, the others could be released from being driven after the secondary slide over; this control will save the waste of energy. Results: A multi-segment linear motor is proposed to improve the efficiency of the EMALS. This motor consists of two sections - the one with iron core for the low speed process and the one without iron core for the high speed process. Conclusion: The normal direction component of the air gap magnetic flux density is much larger than that of the longitudinal component, and their values are 80-90% and 10-20% respectively. For the normal direction component, it is mainly affected by the third, seventh, and ninth harmonics. The accelerating and energy test results show that, in the accelerating process, the efficiency of the linear motor can be more than 90%, and the acceleration is stable.

Application of Electroless-Plated Magnetic Coating to Reduce Core Loss of Electrical Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornthep Chivavibul ◽  
Manabu Enoki ◽  
Shigeru Konda ◽  
Yasushi Inada ◽  
Tamotsu Tomizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Material System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Sheet ◽  
Magnetic Coating

A possibility to reduce core loss in non-oriented (NO) electrical steel by applying magnetic coating has been investigated. This technique involves electroless plating of magnetic coating onto the surface of electrical steel. The material system was NiCoP coatings with different thicknesses (1, 5, and 10 􀁐m) deposited onto the surface of commercially available Fe-3%Si NO electrical steel. Characterization of deposited NiCoP coating was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer. The deposited Ni-Co-P coatings were amorphous/nanocrystalline and composed of 56-59% Ni, 32-35% Co and 8-10% P by mass. Effect of coatings on core loss of the electrical steel was determined using a single sheet test. A core loss reduction was achieved with the NiCoP coating with a thickness of 1 􀁐m magnetized at a magnetic flux density of 0.3T.

scholarly journals Development of Electromagnet for Laboratory Water Treatment Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye T Ajiboye ◽  
Abdulrahman O Yusuf ◽  
Kamorudeen O Yusuf ◽  
Ayodele O Ogunlela
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Air Core ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Water is said to be magnetized when it flows across the magnetic field and magnetized water finds its application in many areas of life. Despite the numerous benefits of magnetized water, very little works have been reported on the development of magnet for water magnetizer application. In most of the reported works, the detailed theoretical analysis and design procedure required for the development of the magnet was not accounted for; hence the need for the present study. Electromagnetic means of producing flux density is considered in this study due to its advantage of flux density variation, which is not achievable with the use of its permanent magnet counterparts. The design equation of short electromagnet was derived from the existing equations of coil magnetic flux density and then used for the air core electromagnet design. The variation of the magnetic flux density with the distance between two electromagnets was empirically investigated. The performance of the developed electromagnet is satisfactory, as the flux density varies between 814.6 and 510G corresponding to the gap (0 - 4cm) between the coils (i.e., water pipe diameter). Keywords— Air core, Coils, Iron core, Magnetic flux density, Magnetized water

Analysis and Asymptotic Solutions of Compressible Turbulent Corner Flow

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Mikhail ◽  
K. N. Ghia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
Algebraic Model ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Anisotropic Model ◽  
Field Boundary ◽  
Corner Flow ◽  
Dimensional Boundary ◽  
Marching Scheme

The turbulent compressible flow along an unbounded 90 deg axial corner has been analyzed. The limiting equations for the far-field boundary, simulating a two-dimensional boundary layer with crossflow, have been obtained appropriately. This latter set of equations have been solved using a semi-implicit second-order accurate numerical marching scheme. The turbulent stresses have been modeled first using a Cebeci-Smith type two-layer algebraic model in which isotropy is assumed. The turbulence stresses were also modeled using a modified form of the Gessner-Emery anisotropic model. Results have been presented for a range of Mach numbers between 0 and 2.0 with adiabatic as well as heat transfer boundary conditions at the corner walls. Effect of suction and injection have also been included. The anisotropy in the turbulence modeling showed insignificant effect on the flow field at far-field boundary, but it is believed to be essential in the inner corner region. The analysis presented recovers all previously available results for the simplified cases of this corner configuration.

Multi-material topology optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sohyun Park ◽  
Jaejoon Lee ◽  
Jaewook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Input Current ◽  
Heaviside Function ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Heaviside Step Function ◽  
Synchronous Motors

This paper presents a multi-material topology optimization for the design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Specifically, structural shapes of permanent magnet (PM) and iron core in a PMSM rotor are simultaneously designed together with the orientation of PM magnetization. For a co-design of PM and iron core, relative permeability and residual magnetic flux density are interpolated by the three-field density approach based on the Helmholtz filtering and regularized Heaviside step function. Here, the Helmholtz filtering aims to attain smooth border in design results, and the Heaviside function enables us to acquire a clear border (i.e. zero-one design) without intermediate densities. The optimization goal is set as maximizing the average torque of PMSMs. The average torque is calculated by Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method considering a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-material topology optimization approach, a PMSM rotor with 4 poles and 12 slots is designed. In addition, design results at various settings of input current amplitude and PM strength are compared and discussed. When the input current is stronger than the PM strength, rotor PM and iron core are designed for utilizing both PM and reluctance torque components like V-shape interior PMSMs. On the other hand, in the case of stronger PM strength, PM is designed near the air-gap, which utilizes only PM torque component like surface PMSMs.

scholarly journals The Design and Optimization of an Interior, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Applied in an Electric Traction Vehicle Requiring a Low Torque Ripple

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Zhang ◽  
Wenfei Yu ◽  
Wei Hua ◽  
Ruiwu Cao ◽  
Hongbo Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Torque Ripple ◽  
Synchronous Machine ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cogging Torque

An internal permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) was designed for heavy-load traction vehicles applied in port transportation. Based on finite element analysis (FEA), the rotor iron core topology was optimized with the most attention paid to cogging torque and torque ripple. The influences of the iron core on the air-gap magnetic flux density, the back electro-motive-force harmonic, the cogging torque and the torque ripple were investigated. The design scheme of minimizing cogging torque and output torque ripple was obtained. Focused on the relationship between the rotor parameters and the torque ripple, the relative sensitivity factor was proposed and analyzed. Finally, the torque ripple was reduced from 14.4% to 3.84%, after further optimization of the rotor design parameters. The reliability and stability of the IPMSM were also covered. Additionally, the experimental study of the prototype was carried out to verify the FEA results.

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