scholarly journals Diffusion of charm and beauty in the Glasma

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 00017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ruggieri ◽  
Santosh Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
B Mesons ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heavy Quarks ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

Relativistic nuclear collisions offer a unique way to study strong interactions at very high energy. The collision process can be described within the gluon saturation framework as the interaction of two colored glasses, and because of this interaction strong longitudinal gluon fields, namely the Glasma, are produced immediately after the collision. Besides, heavy quarks are also produced in the very early stage and because of their large mass and small concentration, their motion does not affect the evolution of the Glasma, thus behaving as ideal probes of the Glasma itself. We study the evolution of the heavy quarks in the Glasma allegedly produced in high energy p-Pb collisions by solving consistently the equations of motion of the quarks in the evolving Glasma fields. We find that this motion can be understood in terms of diffusion in momentum space, similarly to the random motion of a heavy probe in a hot thermalized medium. We show how the diffusion of heavy probes affects the nuclear modification factor of D and B mesons in p-Pb collisions.

Strong interactions at very high energy

1964 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii L. Feinberg ◽  
Dmitrii S. Chernavskii
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High

STRONG INTERACTIONS AT VERY HIGH ENERGY

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
E L Feĭnberg ◽  
Dmitrii S Chernavskiĭ
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Focused VHEE (very high energy electron) beams and dose delivery for radiotherapy applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Whitmore ◽  
R. I. Mackay ◽  
M. van Herk ◽  
J. K. Jones ◽  
R. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beams ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Dose Delivery ◽  
Entrance Dose ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High

AbstractThis paper presents the first demonstration of deeply penetrating dose delivery using focused very high energy electron (VHEE) beams using quadrupole magnets in Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the focal point is readily modified by linearly changing the quadrupole magnet strength only. We also present a weighted sum of focused electron beams to form a spread-out electron peak (SOEP) over a target region. This has a significantly reduced entrance dose compared to a proton-based spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). Very high energy electron (VHEE) beams are an exciting prospect in external beam radiotherapy. VHEEs are less sensitive to inhomogeneities than proton and photon beams, have a deep dose reach and could potentially be used to deliver FLASH radiotherapy. The dose distributions of unfocused VHEE produce high entrance and exit doses compared to other radiotherapy modalities unless focusing is employed, and in this case the entrance dose is considerably improved over existing radiations. We have investigated both symmetric and asymmetric focusing as well as focusing with a range of beam energies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Energy Absorption Capabilities of Polyethylene Foam under Impact Deformation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3613
Author(s):  
Baohui Yang ◽  
Yangjie Zuo ◽  
Zhengping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
The Impact

Foams are widely used in protective applications requiring high energy absorption under impact, and evaluating impact properties of foams is vital. Therefore, a novel test method based on a shock tube was developed to investigate the impact properties of closed-cell polyethylene (PE) foams at strain rates over 6000 s−1, and the test theory is presented. Based on the test method, the failure progress and final failure modes of PE foams are discussed. Moreover, energy absorption capabilities of PE foams were assessed under both quasi-static and high strain rate loading conditions. The results showed that the foam exhibited a nonuniform deformation along the specimen length under high strain rates. The energy absorption rate of PE foam increased with the increasing of strain rates. The specimen energy absorption varied linearly in the early stage and then increased rapidly, corresponding to a uniform compression process. However, in the shock wave deformation process, the energy absorption capacity of the foam maintained a good stability and exhibited the best energy absorption state when the speed was higher than 26 m/s. This stable energy absorption state disappeared until the speed was lower than 1.3 m/s. The loading speed exhibited an obvious influence on energy density.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Approach to Early-Stage Site Characterisation of Shallow Wave Energy Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Craig Heatherington ◽  
Alistair Grinham ◽  
Irene Penesis ◽  
Scott Hunter ◽  
Remo Cossu
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Site Suitability ◽  
Site Characterisation ◽  
A Site

Marine renewable energy is still in its infancy and poses serious challenges due to the harsh marine conditions encountered for wave or tidal installations and the survivability of devices. Geophysical and hydrodynamic initial site surveys need to be able to provide repeatable, reliable, and economical solutions. An oscillating water column wave energy converter is to be installed on the west coast of King Island, Tasmania. The location is in a high-energy nearshore environment to take advantage of sustained shoaling non-breaking waves of the Southern Ocean and required site-specific information for the deployment. We provide insight into scalable geophysical site surveys capable of capturing large amounts of data within a short time frame. This data was incorporated into a site suitability model, utilising seabed slope, sediment depth, and water depth to provide the terrain analysis needed to match deployment-specific characteristics. In addition, short-term hydrology and geotechnical work found a highly energetic seabed (near seafloor water velocities <1 m/s) with sufficient bearing capacity (6 MPa). In a highly energetic environment, care was taken to collect the relevant data needed for an assessment of critical information to an emerging technology companies primary project. This is in addition to the malleable methodology for a site suitability model that can incorporate various weighted parameters to prioritise the location for shallow wave energy sites in general.

Very high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions and multi-chain model

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisei Kinoshita ◽  
Akira Minaka ◽  
Hiroyuki Sumiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High
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