scholarly journals Femtosecond Laser Micromachining of Fabry-Pérot Interferometers for Magnetic Field Sensing

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 13001 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M. Maia ◽  
Vítor A. Amorim ◽  
Duarte Viveiros ◽  
P. V. S. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Micromachining ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Focal Volume ◽  
Fabry Perot

Fs-laser micromachining is a high precision fabrication technique that can be used to write novel three-dimensional structures, depending on the nature of light-matter interaction. In fused silica, the material modification can lead to (i) an increase of the refractive index around the focal volume, resulting in the formation of optical circuits, or (ii) an enhancement of the etch rate of the laser-affected zones relative to the pristine material, leading to a selective and anisotropic etching reaction that enables fabrication of microfluidic systems. Here, both effects are combined to fabricate a Fabry-Pérot interferometer, where optical waveguides and microfluidic channels are integrated monolithically in a fused silica chip. By filling the channel with a magnetic fluid whose refractive index changes with an external magnetic field, the device can be used as a magnetic field sensor. A linear sensitivity of -0.12 nm/mT is obtained in the 5.0±0.5 to 33.0±0.5 mT range, with the field being applied parallel to the light propagation direction.

Monolithic Three-Dimensional Integration of Micro-Fluidic Channels and Optical Waveguides in Fused Silica

2003 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Bellouard ◽  
Ali Said ◽  
Mark Dugan ◽  
Philippe Bado
Keyword(s):  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Micro Fabrication ◽  
Silica Substrate ◽  
Massively Parallel Processing ◽  
Integrated Device

ABSTRACTThis paper presents dramatic improvements in the micro-fabrication of three-dimensional microfluidic channels and high-aspect ratio tunnels within the bulk of a fused silica substrate. We also report the fabrication of optical waveguides within the same substrate, which is a major step towards the integration of sensing capabilities within microfluidic networks.This integrated device, which combines both fluidic channels and optical waveguides, opens new opportunities in bio- and chemical sensing. The flexibility of the improved manufacturing process offers substantial new design capabilities, especially for single channel probing and massively parallel processing and sensing.

Accuracy of three-point finite difference approximations for optical waveguides with step-wise refractive index discontinuities

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sujecki
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Truncation Error ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Finite Difference Approximations ◽  
Difference Approximations

AbstractA rigorous truncation error analysis of three-point finite difference approximations for optical waveguides with step-wise refractive index discontinuities is given. As the basis for the analysis we use the exact coefficients of the series that expresses the field value at a given finite difference node in terms of the field value and its derivatives at a neighbouring node. This series is applied to develop a rigorous formalism for the truncation error analysis of the three-point finite difference approximations used in the numerical modelling of light propagation in optical waveguides with step-wise discontinuities of the refractive index profile. The results show that the approximations reach O(h2) truncation error only asymptotically for sufficiently small values of the mesh size.

scholarly journals The hyperfine structure and zeeman effect of the resonance lines of silver

1937 ◽  
Vol 158 (894) ◽  
pp. 372-383 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Zeeman Effect ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Nuclear Spins ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Quartz Rock

In the work described below, the hyperfine structure of the resonance lines of silver was investigated by the method of absorption in an atomic beam. The intensities of the observed components were measured, and the structure in a magnetic field was observed; from the results the nuclear spins and magnetic moments of both of the isotopes of silver were determined. Experimental 1— The Spectrograph and Interferometer The high resolving power instrument used was a Fabry-Pérot interferometer combined with a 1½-m. spectrograph, fitted with a Cornu quartz prism and quartz rock salt achromatic objectives. The étalon plates were plane to about 1/100 of a wave-length and were coated by evaporation with aluminium. The resolving power of the étalon was about 1/10 of an order for light of wave-length 3100 A; the plates and separating pieces were made of fused silica. The instrument has been described before.

Evaluation of losses and group effective refractive index of Er3+:Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides

Open Physics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Vasile ◽  
Niculae Puscas
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Optical Waveguide ◽  
Effective Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Waveguide Resonator ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Interferometry Method ◽  
Insertion Losses

AbstractIn this paper, we report some experimental results concerning several types of loss measurements of Er3+:Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides by using optical methods. Using the Fabry-Pérot interferometry method, we evaluated the attenuation coefficient of an optical waveguide resonator for a laser radiation having λ = 1.55 µm. We also evaluated the insertion losses, polarization dependent losses, and coupling with external losses. Additionally, from the transmitted spectra of the symmetrical monomode Fabry-Pérot optical waveguide resonator, we were able to evaluate the value of the group effective refractive index.

Comparison of numerical methods for light propagating in fibers with high steps of refractive index

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zegadło ◽  
M. Karpierz
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Numerical Tools

AbstractFast development of complex structures like microstructural fibers, photonic nanowires or slot waveguides requires numerical tools to predict a light propagation. There are many works concerning weakly guided case, but the microstructural fibers need algorithm for a high step of the refractive index. In this paper, three approximate methods are compared. The comparison concerns a structure consisting of circular cores surrounded by cladding for different values of the refractive index steps. Application of these methods in chromatic dispersion case is also presented. It is shown that certain conditions prefer two dimensional scalar algorithms (based on approximated methods) than three dimensional ones. This allows us to implement more efficient and less complicated methods.

Low Loss High Mesa Optical Waveguides Based on InGaAsP/InP Heterostructures

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3562-3566
Author(s):  
W. S. Choi ◽  
J. H. Jang ◽  
B.-A. Yu ◽  
Y. L. Lee ◽  
W. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Sidewall Roughness ◽  
Scattering Loss ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Propagation Losses

Low loss high mesa optical waveguides were fabricated on InGaAsP/InP heterostructures by utilizing inductively-coupled-plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and electron beam lithography technique. The fabrication process was optimized by measuring sidewall roughness of deep-etched waveguides. Atomic force microscope loaded with carbon nanotude was used to obtain three-dimensional image of the etched sidewall of waveguides. The obtained statistical information such as rms roughness and correlation length was used to theoretically calculate scattering loss of waveguides. Several waveguides with different number of sharp bends and the length were fabricated and their propagation losses were measured by modified Fabry-Perot method. The measured propagation losses were compared with theoretically calculated losses.

scholarly journals Femtosecond laser induced thermophoretic writing of waveguides in silicate glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Macias-Montero ◽  
Francisco Muñoz ◽  
Belén Sotillo ◽  
Jesús del Hoyo ◽  
Rocío Ariza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Silicate Glass ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Focal Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fs Laser

AbstractHere in, the fs-laser induced thermophoretic writing of microstructures in ad-hoc compositionally designed silicate glasses and their application as infrared optical waveguides is reported. The glass modification mechanism mimics the elemental thermal diffusion occurring in basaltic liquids at the Earth’s mantle, but in a much shorter time scale (108 times faster) and over a well-defined micrometric volume. The precise addition of BaO, Na2O and K2O to the silicate glass enables the creation of positive refractive index contrast upon fs-laser irradiation. The influence of the focal volume and the induced temperature gradient is thoroughly analyzed, leading to a variety of structures with refractive index contrasts as high as 2.5 × 10–2. Two independent methods, namely near field measurements and electronic polarizability analysis, confirm the magnitude of the refractive index on the modified regions. Additionally, the functionality of the microstructures as waveguides is further optimized by lowering their propagation losses, enabling their implementation in a wide range of photonic devices.

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