scholarly journals CH4 and CO2 IPDA Lidar Measurements During the Comet 2018 Airborne Field Campaign

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Andreas Fix ◽  
Axel Amediek ◽  
Christian Büdenbender ◽  
Gerhard Ehret ◽  
Christoph Kiemle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

Installed onboard the German research aircraft HALO, the integrated-path differential-absorption (IPDA) lidar CHARM-F measures weighted vertical columns of both greenhouse gases (GHG) below the aircraft and along its flight track, aiming at high accuracy and precision. Results will be shown from the deployment during the CoMet field campaign that was carried out in spring 2018, with its main focus on one of the major European hot spots in methane emissions: the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in Poland. First analyses reveal a measurement precision of below 0.5% for 20-km averages and also low bias, which was assessed by comparison with in-situ instruments. The measurements flights were designed to capture individual CH4 and CO2 plumes from e.g. coal mine venting and coal-fired power plants, respectively, but also to measure large and regional scale GHG gradients and to provide comparisons with the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Many other different instruments, both airborne and ground-based, complemented the lidar measurements to provide a comprehensive dataset for model analyses. CHARM-F also acts as the airborne demonstrator for MERLIN, the “Methane Remote Lidar Mission”, conducted by the German and French space agencies, DLR and CNES, with launch foreseen in ~ 2024. In this context, the airborne lidar data are likewise important for mission support such as for e.g. algorithm development and improvement and, moreover, the CoMet mission was also an important step for MERLIN validation preparation.

scholarly journals Characterizing a New England Saltmarsh with NASA G-LiHT Airborne Lidar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Paynter ◽  
Crystal Schaaf ◽  
Jennifer Bowen ◽  
Linda Deegan ◽  
Francesco Peri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data ◽  
Lidar Observations

Airborne lidar can observe saltmarshes on a regional scale, targeting phenological and tidal states to provide the information to more effectively utilize frequent multispectral satellite observations to monitor change. Airborne lidar observations from NASA Goddard Lidar Hyperspectral and Thermal (G-LiHT) of a well-studied region of saltmarsh (Plum Island, Massachusetts, United States) were acquired in multiple years (2014, 2015 and 2016). These airborne lidar data provide characterizations of important saltmarsh components, as well as specifications for effective surveys. The invasive Phragmites australis was observed to increase in extent from 8374 m2 in 2014, to 8882 m2 in 2015 (+6.1%), and again to 13,819 m2 in 2016 (+55.6%). Validation with terrestrial lidar supported this increase, but suggested the total extent was still underestimated. Estimates of Spartina alterniflora extent from airborne lidar were within 7% of those from terrestrial lidar, but overestimation of height of Spartina alterniflora was found to occur at the edges of creeks (+83.9%). Capturing algae was found to require observations within ±15° of nadir, and capturing creek structure required observations within ±10° of nadir. In addition, 90.33% of creeks and ditches were successfully captured in the airborne lidar data (8206.3 m out of 9084.3 m found in aerial imagery).

scholarly journals Pluriannual beach-dune evolutions at regional scale: Erosion and recovery sequences analysis along the aquitaine coast based on airborne LiDAR data

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 103974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Nicolae Lerma ◽  
Bruce Ayache ◽  
Beatrice Ulvoas ◽  
François Paris ◽  
Nicolas Bernon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Sequences Analysis ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

scholarly journals Quantification of CO2 Emission Rates from Large Coal-Fired Power Plants Using Airborne Lidar during CoMet 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wolff ◽  
Gerhard Ehret ◽  
Christoph Kiemle ◽  
Axel Amediek ◽  
Mathieu Quatrevalet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Plant Emissions

<p>A large fraction of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions originates from localized point sources. International climate treaties foresee their independent monitoring. Given the high number of point sources and their global spatial distribution, local monitoring is challenging, whereas a global satellite-based observing system is advantageous. In this perspective, a promising measurement approach is active remote sensing by airborne lidar, such as provided by the integrated-path differential-absorption lidar CHARM-F. Installed onboard the German research aircraft HALO, CHARM-F serves as a demonstrator for future satellite missions, e.g. MERLIN. CHARM-F simultaneously measures weighted vertical column mixing ratios of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> below the aircraft. In spring 2018, during the CoMet field campaign, measurements were taken at the largest European point sources of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, i.e. coal-fired power plants and ventilation shafts of coal mines. The measurement flights aimed to transect isolated exhaust plumes, in order to derive the corresponding emission rates from the resulting enhancement in concentration, along the plume crossing. For the first time, multiple measurements of power plant emissions were made using airborne lidar. On average, we find that our measurements are consistent with reported numbers, but observe high discrepancies between successive plume crossings of up to 50 %. As an explanation for these high discrepancies, we assess the influence of inhomogeneity in the exhaust plume, caused by atmospheric turbulence. This assessment is based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). We find a pronounced diurnal cycle of plume inhomogeneity associated with local turbulence, predominately driven by midday solar irradiance. Our results reveal that periods of high turbulence, specifically during midday and afternoon, should be avoided whenever possible. Since lidar is intrinsically independent of sun light, measurements can be performed under conditions of weak turbulence, such as at night or in the early morning.</p>

scholarly journals French airborne lidar measurements for Eyjafjallajökull ash plume survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 6623-6653
Author(s):  
P. Chazette ◽  
A. Dabas ◽  
J. Sanak ◽  
M. Lardier ◽  
P. Royer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Maximal Mass ◽  
Ash Plume ◽  
Ground Based Lidar

Abstract. An Ultra-Violet Rayleigh-Mie lidar has been integrated aboard the French research aircraft Falcon 20 in order to monitor the ash plume emitted by the Eyjafjallajökul volcano in April–May 2010. Three operational flights were carried out on 21 April, 12 and 16 May 2010 inside French, Spanish and British air spaces, respectively. The original purpose of the flights was to provide the French civil aviation authorities with objective information on the presence and location of the ash plume. The present paper presents the results of detailed analyses elaborated after the volcano crisis. They bear on the structure of the ash clouds and their optical properties such as ash extinction coefficient and lidar ratio. Lidar ratios were measured in the range of 33 to 48 sr, in good agreement with the ratios derived from ground-based lidar measurements performed near Paris (France) in April 2010 (∼47 sr). The ash signature in terms of particulate depolarization was consistent around 45 ± 7% during all flights. Such a value seems to be a good identification parameter for ash. Using specific cross-sections between 0.29 and 1.1 m2 g−1, the minimum (maximal) mass concentrations in the ash plumes are derived for the flights on 12 and 16 May. They were 190 (2300) and 270 (1600) μg m−3, respectively. It may be rather less than, or of the order of the critical level of damage (2 mg m−3) for the aircraft engines, but well above the 200 μg m−3 warning level.

scholarly journals Strategy for high-accuracy-and-precision retrieval of atmospheric methane from the mid-infrared FTIR network

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1943-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sussmann ◽  
F. Forster ◽  
M. Rettinger ◽  
N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Retrieval Strategies

Abstract. We present a strategy (MIR-GBM v1.0) for the retrieval of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4) with a precision <0.3% (1-σ diurnal variation, 7-min integration) and a seasonal bias <0.14% from mid-infrared ground-based solar FTIR measurements of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, comprising 22 FTIR stations). This makes NDACC methane data useful for satellite validation and for the inversion of regional-scale sources and sinks in addition to long-term trend analysis. Such retrievals complement the high accuracy and precision near-infrared observations of the younger Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) with time series dating back 15 years or so before TCCON operations began. MIR-GBM v1.0 is using HITRAN 2000 (including the 2001 update release) and 3 spectral micro windows (2613.70–2615.40 cm−1, 2835.50–2835.80 cm−1, 2921.00–2921.60 cm−1). A first-order Tikhonov constraint is applied to the state vector given in units of per cent of volume mixing ratio. It is tuned to achieve minimum diurnal variation without damping seasonality. Final quality selection of the retrievals uses a threshold for the goodness of fit (χ2 < 1) as well as for the ratio of root-mean-square spectral noise and information content (<0.15%). Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions are calculated using the retrieved methane profiles and four-times-daily pressure-temperature-humidity profiles from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) interpolated to the time of measurement. MIR-GBM v1.0 is the optimum of 24 tested retrieval strategies (8 different spectral micro-window selections, 3 spectroscopic line lists: HITRAN 2000, 2004, 2008). Dominant errors of the non-optimum retrieval strategies are systematic HDO/H2O-CH4 interference errors leading to a seasonal bias up to ≈5%. Therefore interference errors have been quantified at 3 test sites covering clear-sky integrated water vapor levels representative for all NDACC sites (Wollongong maximum = 44.9 mm, Garmisch mean = 14.9 mm, Zugspitze minimum = 0.2 mm). The same quality ranking of the 24 strategies was found for all 3 test sites with one optimum, i.e. MIR-GBM v1.0. Seasonality of XCH4 above the Zugspitze (47° N) shows a minus-sine shape with a minimum in March/April, a maximum in September, and an amplitude of 16.2 ± 2.9 ppb (0.94 ± 0.17%). This agrees well with the WFM-DOAS v2.0 scientific XCH4 retrieval product. A conclusion from this paper is that improved spectroscopic parameters for CH4, HDO, and H2O in the 2613–2922 cm−1 spectral domain are urgently needed. If such become available with sufficient accuracy, at least two more spectral micro windows could be utilized leading to another improvement in precision. The absolute inter-calibration of NDACC MIR-GBM v1.0 XCH4 to TCCON data is subject of ongoing work.

scholarly journals French airborne lidar measurements for Eyjafjallajökull ash plume survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 7059-7072 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chazette ◽  
A. Dabas ◽  
J. Sanak ◽  
M. Lardier ◽  
P. Royer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Maximal Mass ◽  
Ash Plume ◽  
Ground Based Lidar

Abstract. An Ultra-Violet Rayleigh-Mie lidar has been integrated aboard the French research aircraft Falcon20 in order to monitor the ash plume emitted by the Eyjafjallajökul volcano in April–May 2010. Three operational flights were carried out on 21 April, 12 and 16 May 2010 inside French, Spanish and British air spaces, respectively. The original purpose of the flights was to provide the French civil aviation authorities with objective information on the presence and location of the ash plume. The present paper presents the results of detailed analyses elaborated after the volcano crisis. They bear on the structure of the ash clouds and their optical properties such as the extinction coefficient and the lidar ratio. Lidar ratios were measured in the range of 43 to 50 sr, in good agreement with the ratios derived from ground-based lidar near Paris (France) in April 2010 (~48 sr). The ash signature in terms of particulate depolarization was consistent during all flights (between 34 ± 3 % and 38 ± 3%). Such a value seems to be a good identification parameter for volcanic ash. Using specific cross-sections between 0.19 and 1.1 m2 g−1, the minimum (maximal) mass concentrations in the ash plumes derived for the flights on 12 and 16 May were 140 (2300) and 250 (1500) μg m−3, respectively. It may be rather less than, or of the order of the critical level of damage (2 mg m−3) for the aircraft engines, but well above the 200 μg m−3 warning level.

scholarly journals Regional Scale Rain-Forest Height Mapping Using Regression-Kriging of Spaceborne and Airborne LiDAR Data: Application on French Guiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Fayad ◽  
Nicolas Baghdadi ◽  
Jean-Stéphane Bailly ◽  
Nicolas Barbier ◽  
Valéry Gond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Regression Kriging ◽  
Forest Height ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

scholarly journals Strategy for high-accuracy-and-precision retrieval of atmospheric methane from the mid-infrared FTIR network

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2965-3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sussmann ◽  
F. Forster ◽  
M. Rettinger ◽  
N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Retrieval Strategies

Abstract. We present a strategy (MIR-GBM v1.0) for the retrieval of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4) with a precision <0.3 % (1-σ diurnal variation, 7-min integration) and a seasonal bias <0.14 % from mid-infrared ground-based solar FTIR measurements of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, comprising 22 FTIR stations). This makes NDACC methane data useful for satellite validation and for the inversion of regional-scale sources and sinks in addition to long-term trend analysis. Such retrievals complement the high accuracy and precision near-infrared observations of the younger Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) with time series dating back 15 yr or so before TCCON operations began. MIR-GBM v1.0 is using HITRAN 2000 (including the 2001 update release) and 3 spectral micro windows (2613.70–2615.40 cm−1, 2835.50–2835.80 cm−1, 2921.00–2921.60 cm−1). A first-order Tikhonov constraint is applied to the state vector given in units of per cent of volume mixing ratio. It is tuned to achieve minimum diurnal variation without damping seasonality. Final quality selection of the retrievals uses a threshold for the ratio of root-mean-square spectral residuals and information content (<0.15 %). Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions are calculated using the retrieved methane profiles and four-times-daily pressure-temperature-humidity profiles from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) interpolated to the time of measurement. MIR-GBM v1.0 is the optimum of 24 tested retrieval strategies (8 different spectral micro-window selections, 3 spectroscopic line lists: HITRAN 2000, 2004, 2008). Dominant errors of the non-optimum retrieval strategies are HDO/H2O-CH4 interference errors (seasonal bias up to ≈4 %). Therefore interference errors have been quantified at 3 test sites covering clear-sky integrated water vapor levels representative for all NDACC sites (Wollongong maximum = 44.9 mm, Garmisch mean = 14.9 mm, Zugspitze minimum = 0.2 mm). The same quality ranking of the 24 strategies was found for all 3 test sites with one optimum, i.e., MIR-GBM v1.0. Seasonality of XCH4 above the Zugspitze (47° N) shows a minus-sine shape with a minimum in March/April, a maximum in September, and an amplitude of 16.3 ± 2.9 ppb (1.0 ± 0.2 %). This agrees very well with newest-version scientific retrievals from SCIAMACHY (WFM-DOAS v2.0). A conclusion from this paper is that improved spectroscopic parameters for CH4, HDO, and H2O in the 2613–2922 cm−1 spectral domain are urgently needed. If such become available with sufficient accuracy, at least two more spectral micro windows could be utilized leading to another improvement in precision. The absolute inter-calibration of NDACC MIR-GBM v1.0 XCH4 to TCCON data is subject of ongoing work.

scholarly journals The Ontario Winter Lake-Effect Systems Field Campaign: Scientific and Educational Adventures to Further Our Knowledge and Prediction of Lake-Effect Storms

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. R. Kristovich ◽  
Richard D. Clark ◽  
Jeffrey Frame ◽  
Bart Geerts ◽  
Kevin R. Knupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Shallow Convection ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Convective Structures ◽  
Lake Effect ◽  
Mesoscale Convective ◽  
Research Aircraft

Abstract Intense lake-effect snowstorms regularly develop over the eastern Great Lakes, resulting in extreme winter weather conditions with snowfalls sometimes exceeding 1 m. The Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign sought to obtain unprecedented observations of these highly complex winter storms. OWLeS employed an extensive and diverse array of instrumentation, including the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft, five university-owned upper-air sounding systems, three Center for Severe Weather Research Doppler on Wheels radars, a wind profiler, profiling cloud and precipitation radars, an airborne lidar, mobile mesonets, deployable weather Pods, and snowfall and particle measuring systems. Close collaborations with National Weather Service Forecast Offices during and following OWLeS have provided a direct pathway for results of observational and numerical modeling analyses to improve the prediction of severe lake-effect snowstorm evolution. The roles of atmospheric boundary layer processes over heterogeneous surfaces (water, ice, and land), mixed-phase microphysics within shallow convection, topography, and mesoscale convective structures are being explored. More than 75 students representing nine institutions participated in a wide variety of data collection efforts, including the operation of radars, radiosonde systems, mobile mesonets, and snow observation equipment in challenging and severe winter weather environments.

Estimation of Forest Carbon Storage Based on Airborne LiDAR Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 1314-1320
Author(s):  
Chong Liu ◽  
Zhen Feng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Forest Carbon Storage ◽  
Volume Table ◽  
Data Updating ◽  
True Color ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

The objective of this study was to estimate the carbon storage of forest areas by using airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Digital canopy height model (CHM) which generated from point cloud data was combined with accurate geo-referenced true color orthophoto image to produce parameter information of trees (height, canopy diameter, DBH data) in test area by marker controlled watershed segmentation algorithm. The total carbon storage of experimental site could be calculated by adopting binary tree volume table and semi-empirical inversion means. This study suggested that the carbon storage of forest areas can be effectively estimated by using LiDAR data, which will play an important role in forest data updating and process of forget sustainable development.

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