State hyperstructures of tree automata based on lattice-valued logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghorani
Keyword(s):  
Residuated Lattice ◽  
Residuated Lattices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
Tree Automaton ◽  
Tree Automata ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Complete Residuated Lattice ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Given

In this paper, an association is organized between the theory of tree automata on one hand and the hyperstructures on the other hand, over complete residuated lattices. To this end, the concept of order of the states of a complete residuated lattice-valued tree automaton (simply L-valued tree automaton) is introduced along with several equivalence relations in the set of the states of an L-valued tree automaton. We obtain two main results from this study: one of the relations can lead to the creation of Kleene’s theorem for L-valued tree automata, and the other one leads to the creation of a minimal v-valued tree automaton that accepts the same language as the given one.

scholarly journals When does a semiring become a residuated lattice?

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650088
Author(s):  
Ivan Chajda ◽  
Helmut Länger
Keyword(s):  
Residuated Lattice ◽  
Residuated Lattices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Question ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Complete Distributivity ◽  
Completely Distributive ◽  
Double Negation Law ◽  
The Given ◽  
Converse Assertion

It is an easy observation that every residuated lattice is in fact a semiring because multiplication distributes over join and the other axioms of a semiring are satisfied trivially. This semiring is commutative, idempotent and simple. The natural question arises if the converse assertion is also true. We show that the conversion is possible provided the given semiring is, moreover, completely distributive. We characterize semirings associated to complete residuated lattices satisfying the double negation law where the assumption of complete distributivity can be omitted. A similar result is obtained for idempotent residuated lattices.

Scribes, Cooks, and Artisans: Breaking Zhou Tradition

Early China ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 241-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Bronze Inscriptions ◽  
Eastern Zhou

Bronze Inscriptions of the Western Zhou period show how ritualists were once dedicated to maintaining the ritual apparatus supporting the divine authority of the royal Zhou lineage. Bronze and bamboo texts of the Eastern Zhou period reveal, on the other hand, that ritualists able to manipulate local rulers reliant on their knowledge subsequently subverted power into their own hands. Ritualists such as scribes, cooks, and artisans were involved in the transmission of Zhou “power” through the creation and use of inscribed bronze vessels during feasts. The expansion and bureaucratization of their roles in the Chu state provided economic and ultimately political control of the state. This was particularly the case as the Chu, like the Zhou before them, fled east to escape western invaders.

scholarly journals Cultura y desarrollo: tendencias hegemónicas y contra-hegemonicas

2012 ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Daniel Cerdas Sandí
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Alternative Proposal ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Culture And Development ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
The Relationship

El trabajo busca presentar teorías o propuestas conceptuales sobre la relación cultura y desarrollo, pero no se limitará a una exposición de las mismas, sino que pretendemos realizar una crítica de la conceptualización de varias de estas nociones consideradas hegemónicas. Por otra parte, se presentará una propuesta alterna considerada más precisa y válida para entender la relación cultura y desarrollo en cuanto responde a un análisis propio de las estructuras socioeconómicas que condicionan dicho vínculo. ABSTRACT This paper aims to present the theoriesor proposals about the relationship between culture and development but this does not limited the exposition of both of them, but the creation of a critical of the conceptualization of some of the notions considered as hegemonic. In the other hand, we present an alternative proposal considered as more accurate and valid for us to understand the relationship culture – development as the response to an analysis from the socioeconomics structures that determine that link.

scholarly journals The Good, the Bad and the Ugly? The Dynamic Interplay Between Educational Practice, Policy and Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Van Geert ◽  
Henderien Steenbeek
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Dynamic Interplay ◽  
Interacting Components

The notion of complexity — as in “education is a complex system” — has two different meanings. On the one hand, there is the epistemic connotation, with “Complex” meaning “difficult to understand, hard to control”. On the other hand, complex has a technical meaning, referring to systems composed of many interacting components, the interactions of which lead to self organization and emergence. For agents, participating in a complex system such as education, it is important that they can reduce the epistemic complexity of the system, in order to allow them to understand the system, to accomplish their goals and to evaluate the results of their activities. We argue that understanding, accomplishing and evaluation requires the creation of simplex systems, which are praxis-based forms of representing complexity. Agents participating in the complex system may have different kinds of simplex systems governing their understanding and praxis. In this article, we focus on three communities of agents in education — educators, researchers and policymakers — and discuss characteristic features of their simplex systems. In particular, we focus on the simplex system of educational researchers, and we discuss interactions — including conflicts or incompatibilities — between their simplex systems and those of educators and policymakers. By making some of the underlying features of the educational researchers’ simplex systems more explicit – including the underlying notion of causality and the use of variability as a source of knowledge — we hope to contribute to clarifying some of the hidden conflicts between simplex systems of the communities participating in the complex system of education.

The Badkhn in Contemporary Hasidic Society: Social, Historical, and Musical Observations

2003 ◽  
pp. 279-296
Author(s):  
Yaakov Mazor
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Creation

This chapter discusses the badkhn in contemporary hasidic society. Hasidic society does not approve of radical innovations in relation to religious custom, and this is certainly true of the activities of badkhonim at weddings. Nevertheless, the hasidic leadership has been able to channel such activities into preferred directions, in accordance with its own conceptions and usages. Earlier practices that clashed with hasidic customs and beliefs have been discarded. On the other hand, mystical interpretation has invested some traditional values with new meanings. The badkhn's position has thus been strengthened, thanks to the legitimization of his activity from a religious point of view. The same is true of the badkhn's verses and the accompanying music. It would appear, however, that the shift of emphasis from form to content, to the inner meaning of the badkhn's activities, has resulted in the formation, on one hand, of rigorous new constraints and, on the other, of new possibilities for the creation of local or even individual, personal styles, depending on the relative involvement of the tsadikim in such activities.

scholarly journals On the Other Hand…: Enhancing Promotional Effectiveness with Haptic Cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Virginie Maille ◽  
Maureen Morrin ◽  
Ryann Reynolds-McIlnay
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Perceived Ownership ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Haptic Cues ◽  
Hand Action

People like graspable objects more when the objects are located on the dominant-hand side of their body or when the handles point toward their dominant-hand side. However, many products do not have handles or are not graspable (e.g., services, objects hanging on the wall). Can nongraspable products nevertheless benefit from the effects of appealing to viewers’ dominant hands? The present research shows that, yes, consumers respond more positively to nongraspable products if a haptic cue (an object that is graspable or suggestive of hand action) is located within the same visual field as the target and is positioned to appeal to the viewer’s dominant hand. This result is driven by the creation and transfer of perceived ownership from cue to target. These findings extend the use of haptic cues to nongraspable products and uncover the critical role played by perceived ownership, including its ability to transfer from one object to another located in the same visual field. Moreover, the current research demonstrates situations in which the use of haptic cues will not enhance response.

An analysis of the quality of english testing for Aviation purposes in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 26.1-26.14
Author(s):  
Ari Huhta
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Aviation English

This article describes and analyses the development of a new test of aviation English by the Finnish Civil Aviation Authority (FCAA), as well as the overall situation in Finland as regards the testing of aviation English. The article describes the FCAA development project and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the new test and the whole testing system, often with reference to the framework of test usefulness proposed by Bachman and Palmer (1996). The quality of the overall system in Finland appears to be quite variable as it is based on the principle of decentralization, in which the FCAA evaluates and approves different tests to be used for certifying the English language skills of aviation personnel. On the other hand, the FCAA commissioned the creation of a test of its own, which appears to have certain strengths, but also has some flaws, such as a lack of systematic double rating of speaking and very little centralized monitoring of overall quality.

Integration of Optical Fibres into Textile Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inese Parkova ◽  
Alexander Valishevskis ◽  
Inese Ziemele ◽  
Ausma Vilumsone
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Optical Fibre ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optical Fibres ◽  
Smart Clothing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Avr Microcontroller ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Given ◽  
Output Interface

There have been developed a children’s smart clothing prototype reacting to microclimate changes by signalling with the help of an optical fibre fabric output interface and a mother’s purse receiving the given data via wireless communication and displaying it on an LCD screen. During the research, the optical fibre fabric was tested in order to determine its reaction to external stimuli and define its layout within clothes. Child jacket’s logic was based on Arduino LilyPad. On the other hand, AVR microcontroller was used in pursue, which yielded a more economical and compact solution, although it was not as developer-friendly as LilyPad.

Licht und Schatten der Begriffe

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Bonnemann
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Current Controversy ◽  
Myth Of The Given ◽  
The Given

AbstractWhen we regard Adorno’s philosophy against the background of the current controversy between constructivism and realism, his philosophy cannot be attributed to either side. In contrast to realism, an object is constituted by a concept; on the other hand, in contrast to constructivism, Adorno also considers a concept, in turn, to be constituted by the object. Comparing Adorno to Merleau-Ponty reveals that neither philosopher considers that the knowledge of an object can be gleaned from the subject’s unilateral constitution, but is based rather on reciprocity which becomes possible through the subject’s corporeality. Thus Adorno’s epistemology hints towards a way out of the inferentialistic immanence correlation of concepts, which avoids the myth of the given.

Spanish Diphthongization and Accentual Structure in Diachronic Perspective

Diachronica ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-242
Author(s):  
Yakov Malkiel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Front Vowel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Given

SUMMARY For over a century it has been axiomatic with Romance linguists that the formation of rising diphthongs in stressed syllables, at the threshold of the medieval period, was controlled by the given word's environment; by quantity (and, later, by quality) of the accented Latin vowel; and in most daughter languages (but not in Spanish) by the configuration of the syllable. On the other hand, it was believed to be irrelevant, by Hispanists, whether the stressed vowel was the ultimate, the penultimate, or the antepenultimate; and, so far as the last-mentioned situation was concerned, what vowel presided over the following post-tonic syllable. The present paper attempts to demonstrate that the prosodic position of the syllable at issue within the word is by no means irrelevant: Diphthongs thrive if followed by post-tonic a, but wither if followed by a front vowel. Certain developments previously deemed inexplicable thus begin to fall into place; for instance, Lat. pertica "pole"> O.Sp. piertega was replaced, before 1600, by (originally dialectal) pertiga. RÉSUMÉ Les romnisants ont suppose, depuis plus d'un siecle, que la di-phtongaison en syllabe accentue, a l'aube du myen age, dependait, es-sentiellemnt des facteurs suivants: des phonemes contigus; de la quantite (et, plus tard, de la qualite) de la voyelle latine d'origine; enfi de la coupe de la syllabe. D'atre part, les hispanistes n'at-tachaient aucune importance ala place qu'occupait la syllabe accentuee al'interieur du mot; et si ce mot etait proparoxyton, on ne se preoc-cupait pas trop de la voyelle post-tonique. Le present travail aspire a demntrer que les facteurs longtemps negliges ne manquent pas d'etre importants. Les interlocuteurs en ef-fet favorisent la diphtongue en syllabe antepenultieme si la voyelle suivante est a, mais pas du tout si elle est e ou i. Temoin le deve-loppement de latin pertica "perche", qui en ancien espagnol avait pro-duit piertega, tandis que le resultat posterieur (moyennant un emprunt fait aux dialectes) a ete pertiga. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Seit über einem Jahrhundert haben die Romanisten damit gerechnet, daB die Diphthongierung in betonter Silbe von folgenden Faktoren ab-hangt: der lautlichen Umgebung; der Quantitat (und spater der Quali-tat) des betonten Vokals im Lateinischen; schlieBlich von der Struktur der betreffenden Silbe. Hingegen schien die Stellung der betonten Silbe innerhalb des Wortes ziemlich unwichtig; wo es sich urn ein Proparoxy-tonon handelte, schien der Vokal der auf den Ton folgenden Silbe keine sonderliche Rolle zu spielen. Die hier vorgelegte Analyse raumt mit einigen dieser traditionel-len Auffassungen auf. Es ergibt sich namlich, daB ein a in der nach-tonigen Silbe den steigenden Diphthong eines Proparoxytonons fordert, wahrend ein e oder i in dieser Stellung ihn gefahrdet. So wird es nun-mehr zum ersten Mai verstandlich, daB lat. pertica "pfahl, Stock" zwar im Altspanischen piertega ergeben konnte, daB aber die neuere Form (den Mundarten entnommen) pértiga heißt.

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