Abstract
Background: Recent advancements in wearable technology has enabled easy measurement of daily activities, which can be applied in rehabilitation practice for the purposes such as maintaining and increasing the activity levels of the patients. A smart clothing system is one of the newly developed wearable systems that enables the measurement of physical activity such as heart rate and/or acceleration. In this study, we aimed to examine the validity of trunk acceleration measurement using a smart clothing system (‘hitoe’ system) in assessing the physical activity, which was measured using the expiratory gas analysis. Methods: Twelve healthy individuals participated in the study. The trunk acceleration was simultaneously measured using a triaxial accelerometer embedded in a smart clothing activity monitoring system (‘hitoe’ system), and the percent VO2 reserve (%VO2R) was determined by performing expiratory gas analysis during treadmill testing. Three parameters, that is, moving average (MA), moving standard deviation (MSD), and moving root mean square (RMS), were calculated using the norm of the trunk acceleration. The relationships between these accelerometer-based parameters and %VO2R from expiratory gas analysis for each individual were examined. Results: The values of MA, MSD, RMS, and %VO2R were significantly different between levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the Bruce protocol (P<0.01). The average coefficients of determination for individual regression for %VO2R vs. MA, %VO2R vs. MSD, and %VO2R vs. RMS were 0.89±0.05, 0.96±0.03 and 0.91±0.05, respectively. The parameters based on the trunk acceleration measurements were significantly correlated with %VO2R and activity levels. Among the parameters examined, MSD showed the best correlation with %VO2R, indicating high validity of the parameter for assessing physical activity. Conclusions: The present results support the validity of the MSD calculated from the trunk acceleration measured with a smart clothing system in assessing the exercise intensity.Trial registration: UMIN000034967Registered 21 November 2018 (retrospectively registered).