Design and Fabrication of Elevators Using AVR Microcontroller

Men, along with the progress in his civilization and daily life, felt the need more and more every day that in addition to all the facilities and tools he had created for himself to move horizontally, he needed a tool to move himself and his tools and loads in the horizontal direction. Is. Images have been recorded in history that show that he invented methods for vertical movement in the distant past. Initially, this was done by levers and animals. An elevator is a permanent public vehicle that moves between predefined levels. The elevator is the only means of transportation used by all age groups and is the most common means of vertical movement in the world. The elevator is installed inside an environment that consists of three parts: 1. Engine room 2. Elevator well 3. Well. The gearbox motor acts as the heart of the elevator and the control panel acts as the core of the elevator. The aim of this research is to simulate and build the circuit and the building of the elevator so that it can be equipped with new facilities and sensors by using reprogramming if necessary to make its operation safer and provide more comfort for the passengers. Here we have programmed the AVR microcontroller using codevisionAVR software and performed the simulation using Proteus software.

Design of Water Temperature Stabilizer Using Element Peltier and Atemga16 for Louhan’s Aquariums

This study aims to design a water temperature stabilizer in the louhan fish aquarium by using a cooling system based on a Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) or a Peltier element. The system is built using several tools including a DS18B20 temperature sensor, a relay circuit and 3 Peltier elements. and AVR microcontroller. Temperature control is done by comparing the desired temperature set-point with the temperature from the sensor. The test was carried out by stabilizing the water temperature with two conditions, namely running water and inot flowing water and observing the behavior of the fish while the stabilizer system was running. The working principle of the stabilizer is that the sensor will read the water temperature, then the data is processed on the microcontroller. The temperature data will be compared with a predetermined set-point value which is around 29°C. If the temperature is more than 290C, then the cooler will turn on. The on-off control signal is generated by the microcontroller to turn on the relay and cooling system. From the test results obtained, the tool is able to stabilize the temperature of 290C and shows the behavior of fish with good conditions.

Substation Equipment Monitoring And Controllig Using IoT

This project is based embedded system used for monitoring the voltage, current, and temperature and oil level of a transformer. Furthermore it is capable of recognizing the break downs caused due to overload, high temperature, over voltage and oil level intimation of transformer. The design generally consists of units, one in the substation unit, called as display unit, display units in the substation is where the voltage, current and temperature are monitored continuously by AVR microcontroller and is displayed through the display unit. The ultimate objective is to monitor the electrical parameters continuously and hence to guard the burning of transformer or power transformer due to the constraints such as overload, over temperature, input high voltage and double protection of CB operation by using the Internet of Things (IoT).

Masked Implementation of Format Preserving Encryption on Low-End AVR Microcontrollers and High-End ARM Processors

Format-Preserving Encryption (FPE) for Internet of Things (IoT) enables the data encryption while preserving the format and length of original data. With these advantages, FPE can be utilized in many IoT applications. However, FPE requires complicated computations and these are high overheads on IoT embedded devices. In this paper, we proposed an efficient implementation of Format-preserving Encryption Algorithm (FEA), which is the Korean standard of FPE, and the first-order masked implementation of FEA on both low-end (i.e., AVR microcontroller) and high-end (i.e., ARM processor) IoT devices. Firstly, we show the vulnerability of FEA when it comes to the Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) approach. Afterward, we propose an efficient implementation method and the masking technique for both low-end IoT device and high-end IoT device. The proposed method is secure against power analysis attacks but the performance degradation of masked measure is only 2.53∼3.77% than the naïve FEA implementation.

Development of a modular software and hardware complex for a test-stand with a space greenhouse model

Space greenhouses (SG) that can be used for enriching the astronauts’ diet are also considered a means of improving the astronauts’ life environment in autonomous crewed expeditions. One of the main requirements for SC is to minimize the specific consumption of the main onboard resources: energy, space, refrigerant, and labor-hours per unit mass of grown product. Experiments on adaptive optimization of irradiation and illumination spectrum were performed and a hardware and software complex (HSC) was developed to control the test-stand with the SG model. The main object of control is an intermittently pressure-sealed chamber with temperature and humidity sensors, as well as an IR gas analyzer. The latter determines the visible photosynthesis of the plants based on the dynamics of CO2 absorption. The sensors and actuators are connected to a Mega 2560 AVR microcontroller connected to a Raspberry Pi 4B single-board computer via a USB-UART converter. The modular software package was created on the basis of the ROS (Robot Operating System) framework, which minimizes the training period for new developers and experiment operators. The first HSC versions were successfully tested on a test-stand with Chinese cabbage to find the trajectory of optimal lighting parameters during the growth process. The HSC made it possible to carry out several replications of a 2-factor experiment to study the drift of the optimal LED lighting modes during a 10 days’ period with daily variation of 2 factors — the current in the red LED circuit and the current in the white LED circuit. Optimal change patterns in the lighting parameters for a test-stand with a space greenhouse model were obtained.

Automated Size Based Conveyor Box Separator / Sorter using AVR Microcontroller

Logistics Industry and Warehouses are the places where lot of goods and material are stored. This material is picked up from manufactures and delivered to customers. These goods are stored in boxes of various sizes, weights. They are generally kept in a section of Warehouses according to their size or weight. Box separator is basically a conveyor system with various sensors and motors integrated to it. We just have to place our boxes in the conveyor belt and they are sorted automatically. Sortation systems are often useful when high quantities of products need to be moved to different destinations for further processing or shipping. They are commonly used in Logistics industries. In Huge Warehouses like of Amazon’s and Flipkart’s, Sorters are the ideal solution for separating products from in- feed conveyor lines to shipping lanes, packing stations & other sortation applications.

COLOR CONTROL OF THE DEVICE WITH LED TAPE ON THE VALUE OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY OF AIR

The work is devoted to the development of a lighting device with control of the color of the LED strip depending on the value of temperature and humidity. To develop a prototype of a lighting installation, an A-Star 32U4 Micro microcontroller (analogue of Arduino Micro), 2 pieces of RGB tape of 5 and 10 cm each, a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, connecting wires, a case were purchased. The A-Star 32U4 Micro microcontroller used in the proposed setup is a universal programmable module based on the ATmega32U4 AVR microcontroller from Microchip (formerly Atmel), which has 32KB flash memory, 2.5KB RAM, and builtin USB functionality. A voltage regulator and power selection circuitry allows the board to be powered from either USB or an external 5.5V to 15V supply, while a resettable PTC fuse on the USB VBUS power supply and reverse protection on the VIN help protect it from accidental damage. In the course of the work, studies were carried out on the operation of the installation under normal conditions and at low and high temperatures.

Chaining Optimization Methodology: A New SHA-3 Implementation on Low-End Microcontrollers

Since the Keccak algorithm was selected by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as the standard SHA-3 hash algorithm for replacing the currently used SHA-2 algorithm in 2015, various optimization methods have been studied in parallel and hardware environments. However, in a software environment, the SHA-3 algorithm is much slower than the existing SHA-2 family; therefore, the use of the SHA-3 algorithm is low in a limited environment using embedded devices such as a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) enviornment. In this article, we propose a software optimization method that can be used generally to break through the speed limit of SHA-3. We combine the θ, π, and ρ processes into one, reducing memory access to the internal state more efficiently than conventional software methods. In addition, we present a new SHA-3 implementation for the proposed method in the most constrained environment, the 8-bit AVR microcontroller. This new implementation method, which we call the chaining optimization methodology, implicitly performs the π process of the f-function while minimizing memory access to the internal state of SHA-3. Through this, it achieves up to 26.1% performance improvement compared to the previous implementation in an AVR microcontroller and reduces the performance gap with the SHA-2 family to the maximum. Finally, we apply our SHA-3 implementation in Hash_Deterministic Random Bit Generator (Hash_DRBG), one of the upper algorithms of a hash function, to prove the applicability of our chaining optimization methodology on 8-bit AVR MCUs.