scholarly journals Influence of a trout farm on antioxidant defense in larvae of Ephemera danica (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)

2018 ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milenka L.J. Božanić ◽  
Dajana D. Todorović ◽  
Miroslav Ž. Živić ◽  
Vesna D. Perić-Mataruga ◽  
Zoran Z. Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Longitudinal Variability ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Ephemera Danica

The aim of this study was to establish the influence of a trout farm on the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total glutathione concentration (GSH), in larvae of Ephemera danica, and on environmental parameters in the receiving watercourse. The investigations were carried out seasonally (April, July, and October of 2016 and January of 2017) at four localities (SK1–control, and SK2, SK3, and SK4–30 m, 330 m and 630 m below the fish farm, respectively) along the Skrapež River. Discharged water had the greatest effect on the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium ions, nitrates (NO3−), and total phosphorus. In the case of SOD and GSH, seasonal changes were greater than longitudinal, with maximal values attained in spring and summer and minimal in autumn and winter. SOD showed the strongest correlation with DO, and GSH with total nitrogen. Activity of GPx demonstrated greater longitudinal variability with maximum at SK2 in all seasons and the strongest correlation with NO3−. The obtained results indicate that GPx activity was the most sensitive to the trout farm effects, while SOD and GSH were more influenced by natural seasonal changes of environmental parameters.

scholarly journals Computational Approach to Seasonal Changes of Living Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Tang ◽  
Dong-Yan Wu ◽  
Jing Fan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Mass Spring Model ◽  
Scanned Image ◽  
Mass Spring

This paper proposes a computational approach to seasonal changes of living leaves by combining the geometric deformations and textural color changes. The geometric model of a leaf is generated by triangulating the scanned image of a leaf using an optimized mesh. The triangular mesh of the leaf is deformed by the improved mass-spring model, while the deformation is controlled by setting different mass values for the vertices on the leaf model. In order to adaptively control the deformation of different regions in the leaf, the mass values of vertices are set to be in proportion to the pixels' intensities of the corresponding user-specified grayscale mask map. The geometric deformations as well as the textural color changes of a leaf are used to simulate the seasonal changing process of leaves based on Markov chain model with different environmental parameters including temperature, humidness, and time. Experimental results show that the method successfully simulates the seasonal changes of leaves.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in oxidative stress biomarkers of the snail Viviparus acerosus from the Velika Morava River, Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Despotovic ◽  
Branka Perendija ◽  
Jelena Gavric ◽  
Slavica Borkovic-Mitic ◽  
M.M. Paunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Morava River

The river snail (Viviparus acerosus) from the Velika Morava River, Serbia was chosen in our study in order to determine seasonal changes in oxidative stress biomarkers between July (summer) and September (autumn). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and the phase II biotransformation enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as the concentration of total glutathione (GSH), were examined in the whole body of the river snails. The obtained results show significantly higher activities of CAT, GSH-Px, GR and biotransformation phase II enzyme GST in September compared to July, while the GSH concentration was lower. There was no general trend in the seasonal changes in the activity of SOD. The presented data show that animals in their natural environment are exposed to constant fluctuations of environmental conditions that could cause antioxidants to exhibit seasonal variations. This fact should be considered as an important variable in the interpretation of results in biomonitoring studies.

scholarly journals The role of the antioxidant: Selenopyran in the stability of the antioxidant system to toxic effect of cadmium chloride

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
U. Kravchenko ◽  
G. Borjaev ◽  
M. Nevitov ◽  
A. Ostapchuk ◽  
E. Kistanova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Preventive Role

The purpose of the present work was, under conditions of the model experiment on rats, to tap the information about the features of shortterm acclimatization of the antioxidant system in various organs to toxicity of cadmium at stages of an ontogenesis and about the preventive role of the antioxidant selenopyran in this process. The obtained results showed the ontogenetic differences in the adaptive reactivity of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in the most important organs and tissues of rats under conditions of oxidative stress induced by cadmium. The ontogenetic differences of Se redistribution in a body under influence of cadmium administration were found. The discovered decrease of Se concentration in the liver of young animals and the increase of its concentration in the liver of old animals correlated positively with the changes of GPx activity. Preventive administration of selenopyran (9- phenyl-simmetrical octa-hydroselenoxanthene) to old animals reduced the oxidative stress intensity. Animals of all age groups showed higher selenium concentration in the tissues and the increase in the selenium-dependent GPx activity.

Sex-specific association between antioxidant defense system and therapeutic response to risperidone in schizophrenia: a prospective longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Liu ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Shuling Jiang ◽  
Lei Su ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

: There are various differences in the response to different antipsychotics and antioxidant defense system (ADS) by sex. Previous studies have shown that several ADS enzymes are closely related to the treatment response of patients with antipsychotics-naïve first-episode (ANFE) schizophrenia. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess the sex difference in the relationship between changes in ADS enzyme activities and risperidone response. The plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in 218 patients and 152 healthy controls. Patients were treated with risperidone for 3 months, and we measured PANSS for psychopathological symptoms and ADS biomarkers at baseline and at the end of 3 months of treatment. We compared sex-specific group differences between 50 non-responders and 168 responders at baseline and at the end of the three months of treatment. We found that female patients responded better to risperidone treatment than male patients. At baseline and 3-month follow-up, there were no significant sex differences in TAS levels and three ADS enzyme activities. Interestingly, only in female patients, after 12 weeks of risperidone treatment, the GPx activity of responders was higher than that of non-responders. These results indicate that after treatment with risperidone, changes in GPx activity were associated with treatment response, suggesting that changes in GPx may be a predictor of response to risperidone treatment in female patients with ANFE schizophrenia.

Seasonal Changes in the Germination Responses of Buried Witchgrass (Panicum capillare) Seeds

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Buried seeds of witchgrass (Panicum capillare L., # PANCA) exposed to natural seasonal temperature changes in Lexington, KY, for 0 to 35 months exhibited annual dormancy/nondormancy cycles. Seeds were dormant at maturity in early October. During burial in late autumn and winter, fresh seeds and those that had been buried for 1 and 2 years became nondormant. Nondormant seeds germinated from 76 to 100% in light at daily thermoperiods of 15/6, 20/10, 25/15, 30/15, and 35/20 C, while in darkness they germinated from 1 to 24%. In late spring, seeds lost the ability to germinate in darkness, and by late summer 63 to 100% of them had lost the ability to germinate in light. As seeds became nondormant, they germinated (in light) at high (35/20, 30/15 C) and then at lower (25/15, 20/10, and 15/6 C) temperatures. As seeds reentered dormancy, they lost the ability to germinate (in light) at 15/6 C and at higher thermoperiods 2 to 3 months later.

An age-related difference in hyperoxia lethality: role of lung antioxidant defense mechanisms

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. L539-L545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Canada ◽  
L. A. Herman ◽  
S. L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Related Difference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
65 H ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Gpx Activity

The role of animal age in the lethal response to > 98% oxygen has been extensively studied, with the observation that neonatal rats were resistant while mature animals were sensitive. Antioxidant enzymes increased during the oxygen exposure in neonatal but not in mature rats, suggesting they were important in the age-related toxicity difference. Because no studies had compared the response of mature and old rats to hyperoxia, we exposed Fischer 344 rats, aged 2 and 27 mo, to > 98% oxygen. Unexpectedly, the old rats lived significantly longer than young, 114 and 65 h, respectively. No histopathological differences were found to explain the results. Of the antioxidants, only glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was higher in the lungs of nonexposed old rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher in the young, results opposite those expected if SOD was important in the lethality difference. No antioxidant induction occurred in the old oxygen-exposed rats. These results suggest that although there may be a role for GPx, mechanisms in addition to antioxidant protection and inflammation are likely responsible for the age-related difference in hyperoxia lethality.

Seasonal changes in glucose tolerance and glycogen disposition in a lizard

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Di Maggio ◽  
Herbert C. Dessauer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Anolis Carolinensis ◽  
Fasting Level ◽  
Glucose Injection ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Forty milligrams of glucose in 0.4 ml of water were injected intraperitoneally into fasted adult male lizards, Anolis carolinensis, in different seasons. At intervals of 3 hr to 5 days following injection lizards were sacrificed and their tissues analyzed for carbohydrate. Blood glucose returned to fasting level in less than 36 hr in spring and summer but remained above fasting level for over 2 days during autumn and winter. Generally, 4–6 g of glycogen were deposited per 100 g of liver per day. Greater quantities of glycogen were deposited in liver during autumn than in other seasons. The rate of decrease of liver glycogen was slowest in autumn and winter. Extrahepatic glycogen did not increase after glucose injection in early summer and autumn but rose significantly in winter and spring. The decreased "glucose tolerance" of Anolis and its increased capacity to store glycogen in autumn and winter may be due to a decreased rate of carbohydrate oxidation in these seasons.

scholarly journals Elevated Temperature and Exposure to Copper Leads to Changes in the Antioxidant Defense System of the Reef-Building Coral Mussismilia harttii

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana da Silva Fonseca ◽  
Laura Fernandes de Barros Marangoni ◽  
Joseane Aparecida Marques ◽  
Adalto Bianchini
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The frequency and severity of coral bleaching events have increased in recent years. Global warming and contamination are primarily responsible for triggering these responses in corals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the isolated and combined effects of elevated temperature and exposure to copper (Cu) on responses of the antioxidant defense system of coral Mussismilia harttii. In a marine mesocosm, fragments of the coral were exposed to three temperatures (25.0, 26.6, and 27.3°C) and three concentrations of Cu (2.9, 5.4, and 8.6 μg/L) for up to 12 days. Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activity of enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), were evaluated on the corals and symbionts. The short exposure to isolated and combined stressors caused a reduction in GSH levels and inhibition of the activity of antioxidant enzymes. After prolonged exposure, the combination of stressors continued to reduce GSH levels and SOD, CAT, and GCL activity in symbionts and GST activity in host corals. GCL activity was the parameter most affected by stressors, remaining inhibited after 12-days exposure. Interesting that long-term exposure to stressors stimulated antioxidant defense proteins in M. harttii, demonstrating a counteracting response that may beneficiate the oxidative state. These results, combined with other studies already published suggest that the antioxidant system should be further studied in order to understand the mechanisms of tolerance of South Atlantic reefs.

scholarly journals Changes in GSH-antioxidant system induced by daunorubicin in human normal and diabetic fibroblasts.

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zatorska ◽  
Janusz Maszewski ◽  
Zofia Jóźwiak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione Reductase Activity ◽  
Drug Free

We investigated the effect of daunorubicin on glutathione content and activity of GSH-related enzymes in cultured normal and diabetic human fibroblasts. Cells were incubated with 4 microM daunorubicin (DNR) for 2 h followed by culture in drug-free medium for up to 72 h. Treatment of diabetic cells with the drug caused a time-dependent depletion of intracellular GSH and a decrease of the GSH to total glutathione ratio. GSH depletion was accompanied by apoptotic changes in morphology of the nucleus. Analysis of GSH-related enzymes showed a significant increase of the activities of Se-dependent and Se-independent peroxidases and glutathione S-transferase. In contrast, glutathione reductase activity was reduced by 50%. Significant differences between normal and diabetic cells exposed to DNR were observed in the level of GST and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities. These findings indicated that daunorubicin efficiently affects the GSH antioxidant defense system both in normal and diabetic fibroblasts leading to disturbances in glutathione content as well as in the activity of GSH-related enzymes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document