scholarly journals Investigation of Salt Intrusion Condition in the Belat Estuary

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Isabella Gisen ◽  
Siti Syuhaida Adnan ◽  
Ahmad Amirul Ahmad Tajudin ◽  
Tian Xian Chan
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Salinity Distribution ◽  
Salt Intrusion ◽  
Conducting Salt ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge

Awareness on salt intrusion problem is still lacking in Malaysia due to high precipitation in the region. However, the El-Nino phenomenon that occurred recently has caused extremely low fresh water discharge in the Kuantan River which allowed the sea water to intrude further into its water intake region. Consequently, the Belat River may become potential water resources alternative to build new water intake station for the water supply in the Kuantan River Basin. The aims of this study are to: 1) investigate the salinity distribution in the Belat Estuary; 2) evaluate the applicability of the 1-D analytical salt intrusion solution; 3) determine the calibration parameters in the salt intrusion model. Salt intrusion measurements was conducted during the dry season at spring tide when the fresh water discharge is the minimum. Collection of data such as hydrological data, river cross section and salinity were collected to be used in the salt intrusion analysis. The results obtained show good agreement between the simulated and observed salinity distribution in the estuary with low RMSE and high NSE values. This indicates that the model is reliable and can become an important tool for water manager in conducting salt intrusion study for this area.

scholarly journals Controlling the Salt Wedge Intrusion in Shatt Al-Arab River by a Barrage

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Alaa Abdula Ali ◽  
Hayder A Al Thamiry
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Salt Intrusion ◽  
Intrusion Prevention ◽  
Salt Wedge ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Hydraulic Impact ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge

Shatt Al-Arab River in Al Basrah, Iraq, has recently recorded massive levels of TDS values (Total Dissolved Solids) in the water as a result of reduced fresh water discharge from sources, causing the river to become salinized due to salt wedge intrusion. Therefore, a block dam in the south reach is required to salt intrusion prevention. The main objective of this research is to simulate the hydraulic impact of a suggested barrage in Ras Al Besha on the Shatt Al-Arab River. The HEC-RAS (5.0.7) model was used to develop a one-dimensional unsteady model to gaining an understanding of the proposed barrage's influence on river behaviour. The daily discharges of the Tigris River provided as the upstream boundary conditions, while the hourly water levels of the Shatt Al-Arab River provided as the downstream boundary conditions. The model was initially run on the basis of daily discharges in Aug 2018 and March 2020 for the model's calibration and verification. Then, a model was run with a proposed barrage, Four cases of discharge were chosen which were the low and moderate discharge that equal to (20-50-100 and 250) m3/s with adopted spring tide cycle. The operation scenarios were examined under the influence of three cases of barrage gates (fully opened, 50% open and programmed opening). The results indicate that the investigated discharges will cause a significant problems in navigation depths, especially in the case of the programming of gates opening where the stages drop range between 2.01-3.3m comparing with the normal case. Furthermore, the velocity indicators show that the significant reduction in velocity upstream the barrage led to more sedimentation in the river reach.

scholarly journals Analytical approach for determining the mean water level profile in an estuary with substantial fresh water discharge

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1177-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayang Cai ◽  
Hubert H. G. Savenije ◽  
Chenjuan Jiang ◽  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Qingshu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Velocity Amplitude ◽  
Mean Water Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge

Abstract. The mean water level in estuaries rises in the landward direction due to a combination of the density gradient, the tidal asymmetry, and the backwater effect. This phenomenon is more prominent under an increase of the fresh water discharge, which strongly intensifies both the tidal asymmetry and the backwater effect. However, the interactions between tide and river flow and their individual contributions to the rise of the mean water level along the estuary are not yet completely understood. In this study, we adopt an analytical approach to describe the tidal wave propagation under the influence of substantial fresh water discharge, where the analytical solutions are obtained by solving a set of four implicit equations for the tidal damping, the velocity amplitude, the wave celerity, and the phase lag. The analytical model is used to quantify the contributions made by tide, river, and tide–river interaction to the water level slope along the estuary, which sheds new light on the generation of backwater due to tide–river interaction. Subsequently, the method is applied to the Yangtze estuary under a wide range of river discharge conditions where the influence of both tidal amplitude and fresh water discharge on the longitudinal variation of the mean tidal water level is explored. Analytical model results show that in the tide-dominated region the mean water level is mainly controlled by the tide–river interaction, while it is primarily determined by the river flow in the river-dominated region, which is in agreement with previous studies. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the effect of the tide alone is most important in the transitional zone, where the ratio of velocity amplitude to river flow velocity approaches unity. This has to do with the fact that the contribution of tidal flow, river flow, and tide–river interaction to the residual water level slope are all proportional to the square of the velocity scale. Finally, we show that, in combination with extreme-value theory (e.g. generalized extreme-value theory), the method may be used to obtain a first-order estimation of the frequency of extreme water levels relevant for water management and flood control. By presenting these analytical relations, we provide direct insight into the interaction between tide and river flow, which will be useful for the study of other estuaries that experience substantial river discharge in a tidal region.

scholarly journals SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF TIDAL TRAP NET CATCHES IN THE WATERS OF INDRAGIRI HILIR, RIAU, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Badrudin Badrudin ◽  
Bambang Sumiono ◽  
T.S Murtoyo
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge

The coastal waters of the eastern part of lndragiri Hilir, Riau, which are mostly estuarine, are influenced by the huge fresh water discharge and are usually fertile.

The tidal circulation and flushing capability of the outer Tay Estuary

1980 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-4) ◽  
pp. s33-s46
Author(s):  
J. A. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Tidal Circulation ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge ◽  
Outer Estuary ◽  
Tay Estuary

SynopsisMeasurements of tidal currents in the outer Tay Estuary, and from the hydraulic model of the estuary, are used to present a tidal atlas of the area and to deduce residual tidal circulation. Additional tests on the model show that the volumetric exchange rate with the sea of the outer estuary can be as high as 58 per cent per tide, but may be lowered to about 35 per cent if multiple tide recirculation is considered. Fresh water discharge into the estuary does not materially affect this exchange rate.

Evidence of the recent decade change in global fresh water discharge and evapotranspiration revealed by reanalysis and satellite observations

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Weon Seo ◽  
Duane E. Waliser ◽  
Baijun Tian ◽  
Baek-Min Kim ◽  
Seong-Chan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge

Total Biomass and Carbon Estimates in Mangrove Species of Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary (BWLS), Odisha

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Kakoli Banerjee ◽  
Gobinda Bal ◽  
Rakesh Paul
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge

We estimated total biomass and total carbon in 18 selected woody mangrove species based on the IVI values along with physico-chemical parameters of sea water and soil. AGB and BGB values were calculated as per the standard protocol in BWLS in five sampling stations namely Dangmal, Bhitarkanika, Habalikhati, Ekakula and Gupti. The highest values of IVI were noted for E. agallocha followed by A. officinalis, A. marina, H. fomes and C. decandra. Total biomass of species range was found to be varying between 0.69 tha-1 in X. molluccensis and 2122.17 tha-1 in A. officinalis. Total site-wise biomass ranged between 0.22 tha-1 in B. cylindrica at Gupti and 1419.26 tha-1 in A. officinalis at Bhitarkanika. Total carbon was considered to be 50% of total dry biomass which varied from 188.45±21.87 tha-1 at Ekakula to 941.31±201.17 tha-1 at Bhitarkanika, respectively. The higher biomass and carbon in A. officinalis proves it to be highly adaptive to the environmental changes in the present geographical locale. The maximum biomass and carbon of all the mangrove species in station Bhitarkanika is due to the fact that this station receives the fresh water discharge of Baitarani river thereby the adequate lower salinity is maintained. The present study reveals that mangroves of Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary can store substantial amount of atmospheric carbon and therefore needs to be conserved and sustainably managed.

Prediction of salinity intrusion in Danshuei estuarine system

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Etemad-Shahidi ◽  
A. Dorostkar ◽  
Wen-Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Turbulence Closure ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Closure Scheme ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge ◽  
Vertical Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Vertical Eddy

The main parameters that affect the flow conditions and intrusion of salt water in an estuary system are tides and the seasonal variation of water discharge. A laterally averaged two-dimensional numerical model called MIKE 11 XZ is used to simulate the hydrodynamics and salinity intrusion of Danshuei River estuarine system. This model can simulate hydrodynamics and water quality in estuaries, reservoirs and lakes. MIKE 11 XZ solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations by using Abbott–Ionescu finite difference scheme in a non-dimensional vertical σ-coordinate. Vertical eddy diffusivity in the model can be determined by a constant value, a mixing length theory and a k or k−ɛ turbulence closure scheme with Richardson number correction. A series of comprehensive field data obtained from Danshuei estuarine system is used for evaluation, calibration and verification of the model. The friction coefficient was calibrated and verified using water surface elevation and velocity measurements, respectively. Then the vertical eddy diffusivity was calibrated and verified through comparison of salinity measurements in different layers of several stations. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the model results and the observed data using k−ɛ turbulence closure scheme. The model application was investigated with different discharges and the effect of discharge variation on salinity intrusion was determined. The results showed that the fresh water discharge is the main parameter that affects the salinity intrusion in this system. Finally, simple power equations are suggested to predict the salinity intrusion due to the fresh water discharge in different tributaries of the system.

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