scholarly journals Impact of chimney on low emission

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Drożdżol ◽  
Paweł Jarzyński
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Heating Device ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Ecodesign Directive

The air pollution caused by operation of heating devices using solid fuels is a significant problem in Poland and neighbour countries. The pollution level is so high, that some voivodships impose anti-smog acts, banning the use of heating devices which do not meet requirements of the 5th class according to EN 303-5. By 2023 the ban is going to be imposed nationwide. In order to improve the air quality, heating devices' producers take constant measures to improve their products. It is recently expected that those devices meet the strict 5th class emission requirements, as well as other directives' requirements, including the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC. However, the emission results achieved during initial test of heating devices in laboratory may be much worse during operation in real operating conditions. The research included tests proving that the chimney system applied to a heating device might influence the emission of particles exhausted with the smoke. The tests have been performed in real-life conditions, on a test rig that was prepared for this purpose. The research has proved that emission values of heating devices will change, chimney system applied.

Tribogyr: A New Test Rig for High Spinning EHL Large Size Contacts

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dormois ◽  
N. Fillot ◽  
G. Dalmaz ◽  
M. Querry ◽  
P. Vergne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Load ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Large Size

Only few studies have been published on EHD contacts that experienced simultaneously rolling, sliding and spinning motions. This paper describes a new test rig especially designed to simulate such operating conditions while imposing normal load and speeds as those found in real life mechanisms. Then, experimental results are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Hardware in the Loop Test-Rig for Identification and Control Application on High Speed Pantographs

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Collina ◽  
A. Facchinetti ◽  
F. Fossati ◽  
F. Resta
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
Contact Wire ◽  
The Real ◽  
Current Collection ◽  
Set Up

Trains current collection for traction motors is obtained by means of a sliding contact between the overhead line (OHL) and the collector strips mounted on the pantograph head. The normal force by which the collector presses against the contact wire ensures the contact pressure for the electrical contact. As the train speed increases, the variation of contact force between pantograph and catenary increases, and the pantograph-OHL dynamic interaction becomes greater. This condition causes excessive mechanical wear and contact wire uplift (for high values of contact forces), and leads to high percentage of contact loss, arcing and electrically related wear.The topic of actively controlled pantograph is gaining more interest as a tool to increase the performance of the current collection at high speed. In the last few years, it appears possible to transfer the knowledge based on numerical experiments, to the real operating condition. An important step in this direction is the set up of a laboratory hardware in the loop test-rig in which the control strategies and the actuation can be tested, before tests performing in real life conditions, in order to demonstrate their actual feasibility. The present paper describes an hardware in the loop (HIL) test-rig developed by the authors, which allows to reproduce the dynamical interaction between overhead lines and pantograph in high speed railways. Using the described laboratory set-up, experimental investigation on the problems related with pantograph-OHL interaction can be performed, very similarly to the real life operating conditions, with the advantage of varying test parameters and conditions easily.

A test rig for investigations of gas turbine combustor cooling concepts under realistic operating conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Behrendt ◽  
Ch Hassa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Low Emission

In the current paper, a new test rig for the characterization of advanced combustor cooling concepts for gas turbine combustors is presented. The test rig is designed to allow investigations at elevated pressures and temperatures representing realistic operating conditions of future lean low emission combustors. The features and capabilities of the test rig in comparison to existing rigs are described. The properties of the hot gas flow are measured in order to provide the necessary data for a detailed analysis of the measured cooling effectivity of combustor wall test samples. Results of the characterization of the velocity and temperature distribution in the hot gas flow at the leading edge of the test sample at pressures up to p = 10 bar and global flame temperatures up to TF = 2000 K are presented.

scholarly journals Modeling of a Real-Life Industrial Reactor for Hydrogenation of Benzene Process

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Mirosław K. Szukiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Kaczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Industrial Reactor ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

A dynamic model of the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane reaction in a real-life industrial reactor is elaborated. Transformations of the model leading to satisfactory results are presented and discussed. Operating conditions accepted in the simulations are identical to those observed in the chemical plant. Under those conditions, some components of the reaction mixture vanish, and the diffusion coefficients of the components vary along the reactor (they are strongly concentration-dependent). We came up with a final reactor model predicting with reasonable accuracy the reaction mixture’s outlet composition and temperature profile throughout the process. Additionally, the model enables the anticipation of catalyst activity and the remaining deactivated catalyst lifetime. Conclusions concerning reactor operation conditions resulting from the simulations are presented as well. Since the model provides deep insight into the process of simulating, it allows us to make knowledge-based decisions. It should be pointed out that improvements in the process run, related to operating conditions, or catalyst application, or both on account of the high scale of the process and its expected growth, will remarkably influence both the profits and environmental protection.

scholarly journals An expandable approach for design and personalization of digital, just-in-time adaptive interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suat Gonul ◽  
Tuncay Namli ◽  
Sasja Huisman ◽  
Gokce Banu Laleci Erturkmen ◽  
Ismail Hakki Toroslu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Triggering Conditions ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Design Mechanism ◽  
Personalized Intervention

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to deliver a framework with 2 main objectives: 1) facilitating the design of theory-driven, adaptive, digital interventions addressing chronic illnesses or health problems and 2) producing personalized intervention delivery strategies to support self-management by optimizing various intervention components tailored to people’s individual needs, momentary contexts, and psychosocial variables.Materials and MethodsWe propose a template-based digital intervention design mechanism enabling the configuration of evidence-based, just-in-time, adaptive intervention components. The design mechanism incorporates a rule definition language enabling experts to specify triggering conditions for interventions based on momentary and historical contextual/personal data. The framework continuously monitors and processes personal data space and evaluates intervention-triggering conditions. We benefit from reinforcement learning methods to develop personalized intervention delivery strategies with respect to timing, frequency, and type (content) of interventions. To validate the personalization algorithm, we lay out a simulation testbed with 2 personas, differing in their various simulated real-life conditions.ResultsWe evaluate the design mechanism by presenting example intervention definitions based on behavior change taxonomies and clinical guidelines. Furthermore, we provide intervention definitions for a real-world care program targeting diabetes patients. Finally, we validate the personalized delivery mechanism through a set of hypotheses, asserting certain ways of adaptation in the delivery strategy, according to the differences in simulation related to personal preferences, traits, and lifestyle patterns.ConclusionWhile the design mechanism is sufficiently expandable to meet the theoretical and clinical intervention design requirements, the personalization algorithm is capable of adapting intervention delivery strategies for simulated real-life conditions.

scholarly journals Optical Estimation on Pollution Level of Respirable Dust Based on Infrared Transmitting Behavior in Coalmine Fully Mechanized Working Face

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Zheng Wang ◽  
Yan-Ming Wang ◽  
Guo-Qing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Coal Particle ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Optical Channel ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
Working Face ◽  
Comparison Results

Respirable coal particle generated during underground mining is the main cause for gas-dust explosions and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) which needs accurate monitoring especially on its concentration. Focusing on the coal dust pollution in the fully mechanized working face of Huangbaici coalmine, coal particle was sampled for further industrial analysis and FT-IR test to obtain its chemical composition and optical constant. Combined with the simulated spatial distribution of airborne dust, the spectral transmission characteristics of coal dust within wavelengths of 2.5 to 25 μm under different operating conditions were obtained. The simulation results show that the transmittance and aerosol optical depth (AOD) of coal dust are closely linked and obviously influenced by the variation of dust generation source (intensity of dust release, position of coal cutting, and the wetting of the coal seam) and airflow field (wind speed and direction of ventilation). Furthermore, an optical channel of 1260–1280 cm−1(7.937–7.813 μm) which is almost only sensitive to the variation of dust concentration but dull to the diameter change of coal dust was selected to establish the correlation of dust concentration and infrared transmittance. The fitting curve was then applied to retrieve the equivalent dust concentration based on optical information, and the comparison results demonstrate that the estimated pollution level is consistent with field measurement data in engineering practice.

A Solution Framework for Response Surface-Based Multiple Quality Characteristics Optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850025
Author(s):  
Sasadhar Bera ◽  
Indrajit Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Multiple Quality Characteristics ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Application Potential

A common problem generally encountered during manufacturing process improvement involves simultaneous optimization of multiple ‘quality characteristics’ or so-called ‘responses’ and determining the best process operating conditions. Such a problem is also referred to as ‘multiple response optimization (MRO) problem’. The presence of interaction between the responses calls for trade-off solution. The term ‘trade-off’ is an explicit compromised solution considering the bias and variability of the responses around the specified targets. The global exact solution in such types of nonlinear optimization problems is usually unknown, and various trade-off solution approaches (based on process response surface (RS) models or without using process RS models) had been proposed by researchers over the years. Considering the prevalent and preferred solution approaches, the scope of this paper is limited to RS-based solution approaches and similar closely related solution framework for MRO problems. This paper contributes by providing a detailed step-by-step RS-based MRO solution framework. The applicability and steps of the solution framework are also illustrated using a real life in-house pin-on-disc design of experiment study. A critical review on solution approaches with details on inherent characteristic features, assumptions, limitations, application potential in manufacturing and selection norms (indicative of the application potential) of suggested techniques/methods to be adopted for implementation of framework is also provided. To instigate research in this field, scopes for future work are also highlighted at the end.

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