Intraoral and dental panoramic imaging: A diagnostic reference level study comparing radiation dose using two dosimeters in Saudi Arabia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Saeed ◽  
A.A.M. Asiri ◽  
Q.S. Alhamami ◽  
K. Alshamrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
The Public ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Area Product

The purpose of this study was to determine local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for patients undergoing intraoral and panoramic dental examinations at the intraoral radiology units of the public hospitals in Najran, Saudi Arabia. DRLs were determined based on measurements of dose area product (DAP) at intraoral and dental panoramic radiology units. This study has covered over 47% of the public hospitals in Najran with the intention to establish the local DRLs for all the possible intraoral and panoramic X-ray examinations for children and adults. For intraoral, the values for the estimated DAP ranged from 6 to 70 mGy.cm2 (average: 27.6, 29.8, 39.9 and 39.6 mGy.cm2 for incisive, both premolar and canine, molar upper and lower jaw, respectively). For panoramic, the mean value of DAP is 61.5 and 89.8 mGy.cm2 for paediatric and adult patients, respectively. DRLs were established at the 3rd quartile for incisive, both premolar and canine, molar upper and lower jaw protocols are 29.2, 37.1, 50.2 and 50.1 mGy.cm2, respectively. Furthermore, DRLs for panoramic radiography for paediatric and adult patients are 72.7 and 92.3 mGy.cm2, respectively. The proposed DRLs were comparable to those previously reported in other countries, such as UK and India.

NATURAL RADIUM ISOTOPES PRESENT IN SOME COSMETIC PRODUCTS: DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION AND DOSE ESTIMATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Milena-Pérez ◽  
B R Martínez-Martínez ◽  
E Álvarez ◽  
V M Expósito-Suárez ◽  
F Piñero-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Dose Estimation ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Radium Isotopes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Determination Of Activity

ABSTRACT Since the early days, clays, plant extracts and raw materials have been used for therapeutic and beauty purposes. Nowadays, this use is widely spread, as a huge amount of companies have developed new cosmetics based on natural sources. This may lead to an accumulation of radionuclides that can be hazardous for people. Especially dangerous are radium isotopes (226,228Ra), which can be part of the raw materials that cosmetics are made from. In this paper, the concentration of radium isotopes of 18 natural cosmetics was determined. Concentrations resulted in the range 7.9 ± 5.0–37.6 ± 12.5 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra; and 2.5 ± 1.7–35.4 ± 2.6 Bq kg−1 for 228Ra. The effective dose in the skin has been estimated, obtaining a mean value of 13.1 ± 4.9 μSv y−1. This value is far from the reference level of 50 mSv y−1 for the public members. Therefore, no radiological risk derived from the use of these samples, has been found.

scholarly journals NURSES’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEGREE OF MISSED NURSING CARE IN THE PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN HAIL CITY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hamdan Alshammari ◽  
Haidee Pacheco ◽  
Eddieson Pasay-an ◽  
Farhan Alshammari ◽  
Abdalkareem Alsharari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Missed Nursing Care

Background: Literature suggests that merely omitting nursing care can put patients in danger and that avoiding these omissions potentially prevents deaths in hospitals.Objective: This study aimed to determine the perspective on the degree of missed nursing care among hospital nurses as it relates to their demographic profile.Method: A quantitative comparative research design was employed in this study. The study was conducted in the public hospitals in Hail City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study participants were 317 staff nurses, chosen through a simple random sampling, from the public hospitals of Hail City. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire between February and June of 2019.Results: The overall mean of the participants’ reported scores was “never missed” at 4.62. Statistically significant results were found in terms of the number of children (0.001), years of experience (0.004), unit of assignment (0.001), and the level of satisfaction with the profession (0.001). All other variables such as gender, age, marital status, and shift were found insignificant, where all of the p-values were more than 0.05.Conclusion: Nurses who had more children, a greater lack of experience, were assigned to a complex unit, and were less satisfied in the profession were more likely to miss nursing care. As such, these errors can compromise the outcomes of nursing care in hospitals.

scholarly journals Radiation Dose and Fluoroscopy Time of Diagnostic Angiography in Patients with Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigit Ozpeynirci ◽  
Christoph Trumm ◽  
Robert Stahl ◽  
David Fischer ◽  
Thomas Liebig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Fluoroscopy Time ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Spinal Angiography ◽  
Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Diagnostic Angiography ◽  
Area Product

Abstract Purpose Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) represent the most common indication for a spinal angiography. The diagnostic reference level (DRL) for this specific endovascular procedure is still to be determined. This single-center study provides detailed dosimetrics of diagnostic spinal angiography performed in patients with SDAVFs. Methods Retrospective analysis of all diagnostic spinal angiographies between December 2011 and January 2021. Only patients with an SDAVF who had baseline magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), diagnostic digital subtraction angiography (DSA), treatment and follow-up at this institution were included. Dose area product (DAP, Gy cm2) and fluoroscopy time were compared between preoperative and postoperative angiographies, according to SDAVF locations (common versus uncommon), MRA results at baseline (positive versus negative) and DSA protocols (low-dose, mixed-dose, normal-dose). The 75th percentile of the DAP distribution was used to define the local DRL. Results A total of 62 spinal angiographies were performed in 25 patients with SDAVF. Preoperative angiographies (30/62, 48%) yielded a significantly higher DAP and longer fluoroscopy time when compared to postoperative angiographies (32/62, 53%) (p < 0.01). The local DRL was 329.41 Gy cm2 for a nonspecific (n = 62), 395.59 Gy cm2 for a preoperative and 138.6 Gy cm2 for a postoperative spinal angiography. Preoperative angiography of uncommonly located SDAVFs yielded a significantly longer fluoroscopy time (p = 0.02). The MRA-based fistula detection had no significant impact on dosimetrics (p > 0.05). A low-dose protocol yielded a 61% reduction of DAP. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest novel DRLs for spinal angiography in patients with SDAVF. Dedicated low-dose protocols enable radiation dose optimization in these procedures.

scholarly journals Primary operator radiation dose in the cardiac catheter laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1112) ◽  
pp. 20200018
Author(s):  
James A Crowhurst ◽  
Mark Whitby ◽  
Nicholas Aroney ◽  
Rustem Dautov ◽  
Darren Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Primary Operator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Operator Dose ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Area Product

Objectives: Radiation from cardiac angiography procedures is harmful to patients and the staff performing them. This study sought to investigate operator radiation dose for a range of procedures and different operators in order to investigate trends and optimise dose. Methods: Real-time dosemeters (RTDs) were worn by operators for angiography procedures for 3 years. Dose–area product (DAP) and RTD were collected. RTD was normalised to DAP (RTD/DAP) to compare radiation dose and radiation protection measures. Comparisons were made across procedure categories and individual operators. Results: In 7626 procedures, median and 75th percentile levels were established for operator dose for 8 procedure categories. There was a significant difference in all operator dose measures and DAP across procedure categories (p<0.001). DAP, RTD, and RTD/DAP were significantly different across 22 individual operators (p<0.001). Conclusion: DAP was significantly different across procedure categories and a higher RTD was seen with higher DAP. RTD/DAP can demonstrate radiation protection effectiveness and identified differences between procedures and individual operators with this measure. Procedures and individuals were identified where further optimisation of radiation protection measures may be beneficial. A reference level for operator dose can be created and audited against on a regular basis. Advances in knowledge: This study demonstrates that operator dose can be easily and routinely measured on a case by case basis to investigate dose trends for different procedures. Normalising the operator dose to DAP demonstrates radiation protection effectiveness for the individual operator which can then be optimised as part of an ongoing audit program.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS FROM DOSE-AREA PRODUCT TO EFFECTIVE DOSE FOR BARIUM MEAL EXAMINATIONS FOR ADULT PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Vodovatov ◽  
V. Yu. Golikov ◽  
I. G. Kamyshanskaya ◽  
K. V. Zinkevich ◽  
Ch. Bernhardsson
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Barium Meal ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Area Product

Noninvasive patient tracker mask for spinal 3D navigation: does the required large-volume 3D scan involve a considerably increased radiation exposure?

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-844
Author(s):  
Jan-Helge Klingler ◽  
Ulrich Hubbe ◽  
Christoph Scholz ◽  
Florian Volz ◽  
Marc Hohenhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Image Data ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
3D Navigation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Flat Panel Detector ◽  
3D Scan ◽  
Area Product

OBJECTIVEIntraoperative 3D imaging and navigation is increasingly used for minimally invasive spine surgery. A novel, noninvasive patient tracker that is adhered as a mask on the skin for 3D navigation necessitates a larger intraoperative 3D image set for appropriate referencing. This enlarged 3D image data set can be acquired by a state-of-the-art 3D C-arm device that is equipped with a large flat-panel detector. However, the presumably associated higher radiation exposure to the patient has essentially not yet been investigated and is therefore the objective of this study.METHODSPatients were retrospectively included if a thoracolumbar 3D scan was performed intraoperatively between 2016 and 2019 using a 3D C-arm with a large 30 × 30–cm flat-panel detector (3D scan volume 4096 cm3) or a 3D C-arm with a smaller 20 × 20–cm flat-panel detector (3D scan volume 2097 cm3), and the dose area product was available for the 3D scan. Additionally, the fluoroscopy time and the number of fluoroscopic images per 3D scan, as well as the BMI of the patients, were recorded.RESULTSThe authors compared 62 intraoperative thoracolumbar 3D scans using the 3D C-arm with a large flat-panel detector and 12 3D scans using the 3D C-arm with a small flat-panel detector. Overall, the 3D C-arm with a large flat-panel detector required more fluoroscopic images per scan (mean 389.0 ± 8.4 vs 117.0 ± 4.6, p < 0.0001), leading to a significantly higher dose area product (mean 1028.6 ± 767.9 vs 457.1 ± 118.9 cGy × cm2, p = 0.0044).CONCLUSIONSThe novel, noninvasive patient tracker mask facilitates intraoperative 3D navigation while eliminating the need for an additional skin incision with detachment of the autochthonous muscles. However, the use of this patient tracker mask requires a larger intraoperative 3D image data set for accurate registration, resulting in a 2.25 times higher radiation exposure to the patient. The use of the patient tracker mask should thus be based on an individual decision, especially taking into considering the radiation exposure and extent of instrumentation.

Towards a Customized¬ Awareness Campaign to Educate the Public about COVID-19: Development and Validation of a Messaging Campaign to Promote Precautionary Behavior Using Geospatial Intelligence in Saudi Arabia (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayda Alrige ◽  
Hind Bitar Bitar ◽  
Maram Meccawi ◽  
Balakrishnan Mullachery
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technique ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Local Map ◽  
The City ◽  
Intelligence Technique

BACKGROUND Designing a health promotion campaign is never an easy task, especially during a pandemic of a highly infectious disease, such as Covid-19. In Saudi Arabia, many attempts have been made toward raising the public awareness about Covid-19 infection-level and its precautionary health measures that have to be taken. Although this is useful, most of the health information delivered through the national dashboard and the awareness campaign are very generic and not necessarily make the impact we like to see on individuals’ behavior. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to build and validate a customized awareness campaign to promote precautionary health behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The customization is realized by utilizing a geospatial artificial intelligence technique called Space-Time Cube (STC) technique. METHODS This research has been conducted in two sequential phases. In the first phase, an initial library of thirty-two messages was developed and validated to promote precautionary messages during the COVID-19 pandemic. This phase was guided by the Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) for behavior change. In phase 2, we applied STC as a Geospatial Artificial Intelligence technique to create a local map for one city representing three different profiles for the city districts. The model was built using COVID-19 clinical data. RESULTS Thirty-two messages were developed based on resources from the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. The enumerated content validity of the messages was established through the utilization of Content Validity Index (CVI). Thirty-two messages were found to have acceptable content validity (I-CVI=.87). The geospatial intelligence technique that we used showed three profiles for the districts of Jeddah city: one for high infection, another for moderate infection, and the third for low infection. Combining the results from the first and second phases, a customized awareness campaign was created. This awareness campaign would be used to educate the public regarding the precautionary health behaviors that should be taken, and hence help in reducing the number of positive cases in the city of Jeddah. CONCLUSIONS This research delineates the two main phases to developing a health awareness messaging campaign. The messaging campaign, grounded in FBM, was customized by utilizing Geospatial Artificial Intelligence to create a local map with three district profiles: high-infection, moderate-infection, and low-infection. Locals of each district will be targeted by the campaign based on the level of infection in their district as well as other shared characteristics. Customizing health messages is very prominent in health communication research. This research provides a legitimate approach to customize health messages during the pandemic of COVID-19.

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