scholarly journals Effects of food intake and milk yield on portal and hepatic vein blood flows of high-yielding dairy cows in early lactation

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 505-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Durand ◽  
J. Lefaivre ◽  
Y. Chilliard ◽  
D. Bauchart
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Flows

8.6 A Comparison of the Milk Yield and Composition of Dairy Cows Fed Diets Containing Either Protected or Unprotected Soya

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 169-171
Author(s):  
E. J. Hunter ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
P. Brett ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Protein Requirements

During early lactation, when requirements for energy and protein are high, tissue protein requirements cannot be fulfilled by microbial protein alone and the opportunity arises to feed protected protein as a supplement to provide UDP which will compensate for the deficit between tissue protein requirements and microbial protein supplied by RDP.

Effect of hyperketonaemia, feeding frequency and intake of concentrate and energy on milk yield in dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Gustafsson ◽  
L. Andersson ◽  
U. Emanuelson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Frequent Feeding ◽  
Milk Feeding

AbstractThe effects of acetone concentration in milk, feeding frequency, and intake of concentrates and energy in total diet on milk yield were studied in 38624 lactations from 474 herds during 3 years. Herd-related data on feeding factors were collected once per indoor feeding period. Milk acetone concentrations higher than 0·40 mmol/l were deemed to denote hyperketonaemia, whether subclinical or clinical. The lactation curves of ketotic cows had an abnormal shape, with an inverted peak in early lactation. Most of the reduction in milk yield took place during the first 100 days of lactation with an estimated loss of proportionately 0·085 (acetone concentration ≤0·40 v. >2·00 mmol/l). The loss in 200-day milk yield was estimated to 328 kg 40 g/kg fat-corrected milk (FCM) at an overall mean of 5056 kg. If a herd's performance is monitored by lactation curves, a low peak — and hence an apparently high persistency – can indicate a ketosis problem. More frequent feeding of concentrates was correlated with a proportionately 0·033 to 0·074 higher milk yield in multiparous cows, but inconsistent between years. A more variable proportional response (−0·035 to 0·131) was observed in primiparous cows depending on interactions with, for example, breed. A greater total energy supply, including a larger amount of concentrate (maximum in lactation), was correlated with a higher milk yield, about 0·06 kg FCM per day per MJ metabolizable energy and 0·5 kg FCM per day per kg concentrate, respectively. However, increased feeding of concentrates at calving (parity 1) and 15 days after calving (multiparous cows) was correlated with decreased milk yield, by about −0–3 and −0–5 kg FCM per day per kg concentrate, respectively.

Milk acetone concentration as an indicator of hyperketonaemia in dairy cows: the critical value revised

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Gustafsson ◽  
U. Emanuelson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

AbstractAcetone concentration in milk is correlated with subclinical and clinical ketosis and also with milk yield and reproductive efficiency. The purpose of this study was to assess a threshold of milk acetone at which cows tend to be adversely affected. The critical values were estimated on data from 11690 lactations where the change in daily milk yield from weeks 1 to 2 to weeks 5 to 6 of lactation was evaluated in relation to different milk acetone concentrations. Daily milk yield tended to be reduced in cows with acetone concentrations between 0·7 and 1·4 mmol/l, but responses were not entirely consistent. At concentrations >l·4 mmol/l, daily milk yield was clearly reduced. Long-term milk yield (day 0 to 100 and day 0 to 200) was about 190 kg of 40 g/kg fat-corrected milk (FCM) less in cows with acetone concentrations >l·4 vis-à-vis <0·7 mmol/l. Reproductive efficiency was also impaired in cows with acetone concentrations >l·4 mmol/l; 4·9 days longer interval from calving to first service (first parity and parity 2+ cows) and 5·7 times a greater risk of cystic ovaries (parity 1), compared with cows with milk acetone <0·7 mmol/l. However, no significant effects on long-term milk yield or on reproductive efficiency were found in cows with acetone concentrations 0·7 to 1·4 vis-à-vis <0·7 mmol/l. The results suggest that 1·4 mmol/l acetone in milk may be used as the most important critical value, as higher concentrations are detrimental to productivity. The interval 0·7 to 1·4 mmol acetone per I milk may be used as a warning class, since early lactation yield may be reduced.

The effect of feeding diets containing intact or partially detoxified lupin on voluntary intake and milk production by Friesian dairy cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Mukisira ◽  
L. E. Phillip ◽  
B. N. Mitaru
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractThe study determined the effects of partial removal of alkaloids (detoxification) in crushed lupin seed (CLS) on voluntary food intake, and yield and composition of milk from dairy cattle. Twenty multiparous Friesian dairy cows (first 90 days of lactation) were assigned, according to a randomized complete-block design, to five diets. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (25·6 g N per kg of diet dry matter (DM)) and contained napier grass, lucerne hay, maize bran and urea. The control diet (CON) contained sunflower meal; two diets contained intact CLS at 150 (LUI-15) or 300 g (LUl-30) per kg diet DM. The other two diets contained detoxified CLS at 150 (LUD-15) or 300 g (LUD-30) per kg diet DM. Lupin seeds were detoxified by treatment with boiling water, followed by steeping in cold water. The diets were analysed by gas chromatography for the alkaloids, lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine. The total alkaloid content of LUI-15 and LUl-30 was 3·8 and 8·0 g/kg diet DM, respectively; by contrast that of LUD-15 and LUD-30 was 2·1 and 5·2 g/kg diet DM respectively. Increasing the level of intact CLS in the diet led to a decrease in voluntary food intake. Cows given LUl-30 had a lower milk yield (11·1 kg/day) than those given LUI-15 (13·8 kg/day;P< 0·01) but there was no difference in either milk protein yield or content. Detoxification of lupin removed proportionately about 0·40 of the total alkaloids from intact CLS and increased food intake, and the yield of milk and milk protein (P< 0·05) but reduced milk fat content. Detoxification of CLS also reduced the rumen degradability of lupin protein (P< 0·05). It is concluded that the reduction in organic matter intake and milk yield of cows given diets containing intact CLS was due to the presence of lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine. To maximize its usage in diets for dairy cattle, lupin should be detoxified; it can then be included at levels up to 300 g/kg diet DM.

Efficacy of a lasalocid supplement in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation in a pasture-based dairy system

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Production History ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The lasalocid supplement, Bovatec, was fed to dairy cows at 300 mg of active ingredient for ~3 weeks precalving to up to 16 weeks postcalving in a pasture-based system. Sixty primiparous cows and 120 multiparous cows were allocated to equivalent control and lasalocid groups based on expected calving date, size and previous production history. To facilitate the feeding of the lasalocid, it was mixed with maize silage (~1 kg DM/cow.day) and fed as one feed on a concrete feed pad early in the morning each day before calving and before the afternoon milking during lactation. The control group received the maize silage without lasalocid. Otherwise, the feeding of both groups was exactly the same. The key response associated with adding lasalocid to the diet differed between the primiparous and multiparous cows. Although the average daily milk yield responses to lasalocid were not significant (P > 0.05) at 1.1 and 0.6 kg/cow for the primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively, significant (P < 0.05) increases in the milk yield of the primiparous cows were consistently recorded between weeks 5 and 15 of lactation. With the multiparous cows, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the circulating concentrations of serum β-hydroxybutyrate in those fed the lasalocid, with this being related to a tendency (P = 0.087) for these animals to maintain higher body condition scores for much of the early lactation treatment period. There were no other treatment differences of biological importance.

An examination of the effect of level of concentrate supplementation during late gestation on subsequent milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 21-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
D A Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

The transition period (last four weeks of pregnancy and the first four weeks of lactation) is the most traumatic period in the annual cycle of the dairy cow. It is physiologically and nutritionally stressful, particularly as food intake is reduced, especially in the last few days prior to calving, whilst nutrient demands for foetal growth and initiation of milk synthesis are increased. As the genetic merit of the national herd has increased considerably in the last ten years, improved nutritional management of cows during the transition period may be more important in reducing or preventing the cumulative loss of body condition, particularly in early lactation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of level of concentrate intake in late gestation on subsequent milk yield and composition.

A Comparison of some suggested measures of persistency of milk yield in dairy cows

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Decrease

SummaryFive measures of persistency of milk yield were compared by means of apparent heritabilities and repeatabilities using 598 first lactation records from the Danish progeny testing stations and 354 records of all parities from Red Danish cows at a state experimental farm. Unbiased estimates of heritabilities could not be obtained because of common environmental effects. Results indicate that measures of persistency giving equal weight to single milk records are superior to measures giving different weight to single records.Correlations between persistency, expressed as the absolute decrease of yield, and maximum daily yield were —0·46 to —0·52 (phenotypic) and —0·22 (genetic). Correlations between persistency and 305-day yield were —0·06 to —0·10 (phenotypic) and 0·02 (genetic).Correlations between persistency, expressed as the decrease of yield relative to level of yield in early lactation, and maximum daily yield were —0·06 to —0·13 (phenotypic) and 0·17 to 0·42 (genetic). Correlations between the measure of persistency and 305-day yield were 0·12 to 0·45 (phenotypic) and 0·45 to 0·69 (genetic).

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