tissue protein
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2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Yuan ◽  
Zhang Xi ◽  
Bailong- Yu

The superior mesenteric artery is a branch of the aortic artery that supplies blood to the small and some parts of the large intestine. Any obstruction in blood flow and reperfusion causes tissue damage in the intestine. This study aimed to determine the rate of fat peroxidation and tissue protein as an indicator of tissue degradation after ischemia and reperfusion following induction of superior mesenteric artery occlusion in the intestine and to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin as a free radical scavenger and antioxidants in rats. In this study, 36 male Wistar-Albino rats weighing between 80-120 g were equally divided into six groups and received different melatonin doses (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) intramuscularly. In this regard, Group 1 was the control group, Group 2 was the Sham group (underwent surgery to dissect the upper mesenteric artery and injected the same volume of solvent), Group 3 was Ischemia-reperfusion (IR), Group 4 was IR with melatonin at a dose of 10 mg/kg, Group 5 was IR with melatonin at a dose of 20 mg/kg, and Group 6 was IR with melatonin at a dose of 30 mg/kg. The results showed that the level of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly lower in groups 4, 5, and 6 than in group 3 (P <0.05). Tissue protein levels were significantly higher in group 4 than in group 3 (P <0.001). Tissue protein levels in groups 5 and 6 did not significantly differ from group 3 (P = 0.191). Overall, this study showed that melatonin at a dose of 10 mg/kg has an antioxidant effect preventing induced damage due to superior mesenteric artery occlusion.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Melnic ◽  
◽  
Olesea Gliga ◽  

In the article are presented data on the quantitative variations of bound amino acids in the tissue protein of the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci Kuhn, 1857, parasite of Allium sativum crops. It was revealed that the largest share is: glutamic acid + glutamine -21.0% of the total amount, aspartic acid + asparagine - 11.0%, glycine -12.6% and alanine -10.5. In smaller quantities was evidenced: tryptophan (0.8%), histidine (0.8%) and methionine (0.1%). According to the distribution by groups, it was determined that non-essential amino acids have the highest percentage of the total -31.9%, followed by immunoactive amino acids - 25.7% and glycogen - 21.5%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 408-415
Author(s):  
Ngazi Chaari Gabriel ◽  
◽  
Lucy Kabuage ◽  
Purity Nguhiu ◽  
Charles Gachuiri ◽  
...  

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a natural organic acid in the body that acts as a precursor of creatine which plays the role of energy carrier in the cell This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing broiler chicken feed with GAA on carcass characteristics. Two hundred-and forty, day old Cornish breeds were kept under a deep litter system. Six treatments with four replicates of 10 birds per replica were used. The experimental diets comprised of six treatments with varying levels of feed additive (GAA) supplemented in the diets D1 (control) with no GAA, D2 was supplemented with (0.003% GAA/kg), D3 (0.006% GAA/kg), D4 (0.009% GAA/kg), D5 (0.012% GAA/kg), and D6 (0.015% GAA/kg). The treatments were laid down in a complete randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. Carcass characteristics were determined in the laboratory by analyzing the (abdominal fat, tissue protein, tissue fat and pH). There were statistically significant effects observed on abdominal fat, body tissue protein and body tissue fat of the carcass. The study concluded that GAA supplementation increased carcass characteristics, and provided better economic returns. The study recommends utilization of GAA supplementation at level of 0.12% GAA/Kg for rapid growth of broiler, enhanced abdominal fat, body tissue protein, body tissue fat, and utilization of GAA for better economic returns to the farmers.


Author(s):  
Marfuga Mukatova ◽  
Natalya Aleksandrovna Kirichko ◽  
Albina Renatovna Appazova ◽  
Sergeyi Alekseyevich Skolkov ◽  
Marina Sergeevna Vzdornova

The article considers the purpose of the research as defining the possibility of using recycled fish raw material (zander’s cheeks and fat) in production of canned fish baby food. The components of the developed pasteurized canned fish “Sudachok” (heads and cheeks of pike perch, blanched carrots, oatmeal or buckwheat flour, fat from zander’s intestine, concentrated fish broth prepared from zander’s head and vertebral bones) were tested for the concentration of fat, protein, carbohydrates; zander’s muscle tissue - for the concentration of essential amino acids. It was determined that zander’s cheeks make up 4.4 - 8.8% of head’s mass, they being high-protein tissue (protein content is more than 19%), low-fat (fat content is 0.7%) secondary raw material and contain non-protein nitrogen (NPN), where formol and titrate nitrogen (FTN) and volatile bases nitrogen (VBN) are 370.5, 39.3 and 8.0 mg/100g, respectively. Formulations were developed and the pasteurized fish cans for babies were produced using zander’s cheeks and vegetable components (carrots, oatmeal flour, or buckwheat flour), fat and concentrated broth from boiling zander’s head bones. The composition has an optimized protein and fat content. In terms of quality, the pilot samples of canned fish with the corrected number of individual components of the recipe were found to meet the requirements of All-Union State Standard 29276 “Canned fish for baby food”.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 496-496
Author(s):  
Tabitha Gregory ◽  
Chaitra Surugihalli ◽  
Vaishna Muralidaran ◽  
Marilyn Fisher ◽  
Nishanth Sunny

Abstract Objectives Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine have been shown to impact adipose tissue physiology through regulation of adipocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. Further, circulating BCAAs are elevated during obesity and insulin resistance, a characteristic attributed to impaired BCAA catabolic networks in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The objective of this study was to determine whether the induction of lipolysis in adipose tissue is a characteristic feature prompted by the chronic availability of BCAAs. Methods Mice (C57-BL6N) were kept on low-fat (LF, 10% fat calories; n = 9) and low-fat supplemented with 150% BCAA (LB; n = 10) diets for 34 weeks. Following an overnight fast (∼12–14 hrs),  serum and perigonadal adipose (PGA) tissue samples were collected for metabolic analysis. Serum free fatty acids (FFAs) were analyzed and 25 milligrams (mg) of PGA was used for an in vitro lipolysis assay. Lipolysis in the PGA was induced under basal and isoproterenol (ISP, 10 micromolar, μM) stimulated conditions for 2 hours. In a second experiment, PGA tissue explants from normal mice (n = 18) were incubated with two levels of BCAA supplementation (500 μM and 1 millimolar, mM). FFAs in the incubation media were measured as an index of adipose tissue lipolysis. Results Overnight fasting body weights of the LF and LB mice remained similar. However, PGA tissue weights were significantly lower in the LB group (grams ± SEM; LF, 1.34 ± 0.09 vs LB, 0.84 ± 0.11, P = 0.003). LB serum FFAs were elevated (mM FFAs ± SEM; LF 0.73 ± 0.04 vs LB, 0.88 ± 0.04, P = 0.01). Basal lipolysis (mM FFAs/mg tissue protein ± SEM) trended to be higher in the PGA from the LB animals (LF, 1.44 ± 0.18 vs LB, 1.88 ± 0.15, P = 0.08). While ISP significantly induced lipolysis, the stimulated lipolytic rates remained similar between LF and LB groups. When normal PGA explants were challenged with BCAAs, the 1mM BCAA supplemented group tended to show higher fatty acid release (mM FFAs/mg tissue protein ± SEM; 500 μM, 0.89 ± 0.06 vs 1mM,  1.02 ± 0.05,  P = 0.09). Conclusions In summary, these results suggest that BCAA mediated increases in adipose tissue lipolysis can contribute to circulating FFA levels. BCAA mediated lipolysis and the subsequent increase in circulating FFAs could indirectly modulate substrate oxidation in peripheral tissues including liver and muscle. Funding Sources NIH RO1


2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laken Kruger ◽  
Alison Paquette ◽  
Sheela Sathyanarayana ◽  
Daniel Enquobahrie ◽  
Bhagwat Prasad

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Holwerda ◽  
Jorn Trommelen ◽  
Imre W.K. Kouw ◽  
Joan M. Senden ◽  
Joy P.B. Goessens ◽  
...  

Protein ingestion and exercise stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. When combined, exercise further increases the postprandial rise in myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. It remains unclear whether protein ingestion with or without exercise also stimulates muscle connective tissue protein synthesis rates. The authors assessed the impact of presleep protein ingestion on overnight muscle connective tissue protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from resistance-type exercise in older men. Thirty-six healthy, older men were randomly assigned to ingest 40 g intrinsically L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine and L-[1-13C]-leucine-labeled casein protein (PRO, n = 12) or a nonprotein placebo (PLA, n = 12) before going to sleep. A third group performed a single bout of resistance-type exercise in the evening before ingesting 40 g intrinsically-labeled casein protein prior to sleep (EX+PRO, n = 12). Continuous intravenous infusions of L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and L-[1-13C]-leucine were applied with blood and muscle tissue samples collected throughout overnight sleep. Presleep protein ingestion did not increase muscle connective tissue protein synthesis rates (0.049 ± 0.013 vs. 0.060 ± 0.024%/hr in PLA and PRO, respectively; p = .73). Exercise plus protein ingestion resulted in greater overnight muscle connective tissue protein synthesis rates (0.095 ± 0.022%/hr) when compared with PLA and PRO (p < .01). Exercise increased the incorporation of dietary protein-derived amino acids into muscle connective tissue protein (0.036 ± 0.013 vs. 0.054 ± 0.009 mole percent excess in PRO vs. EX+PRO, respectively; p < .01). In conclusion, resistance-type exercise plus presleep protein ingestion increases overnight muscle connective tissue protein synthesis rates in older men. Exercise enhances the utilization of dietary protein-derived amino acids as precursors for de novo muscle connective tissue protein synthesis during overnight sleep.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmin Bithi ◽  
Christopher Link ◽  
Yoko O. Henderson ◽  
Suzie Kim ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
...  

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a cytoprotective redox-active metabolite that signals through protein persulfidation (R-SSnH). Despite the known importance of persulfidation, tissue-specific persulfidome profiles and their associated functions are not well characterized, specifically under conditions and interventions known to modulate H2S production. We hypothesize that dietary restriction (DR), which increases lifespan and can boost H2S production, expands tissue-specific persulfidomes. Here, we find protein persulfidation enriched in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain but decreased in heart of young and aged male mice under two forms of DR, with DR promoting persulfidation in numerous metabolic and aging-related pathways. Mice lacking cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) have overall decreased tissue protein persulfidation numbers and fail to functionally augment persulfidomes in response to DR, predominantly in kidney, muscle, and brain. Here, we define tissue- and CGL-dependent persulfidomes and how diet transforms their makeup, underscoring the breadth for DR and H2S to impact biological processes and organismal health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
S. Nayak ◽  
◽  
C.S.K. Mishra ◽  

Aim: To evaluate the changes in the tissue protein, lipid peroxidation (LPX) levels, catalase (CAT) activity and biomass of earthworm, Drawida willsi in response to different organic amendments of iron mine spoil. Methodology: Farmyard manure, poultry manure, vermimanure and bio-fertilizer in various combinations were amended with the mine spoil prior to inoculation of the earthworm. Tissue protein, lipid peroxidation levels and catalase activity of the earthworm were measured over an incubation period of 42 days at an interval of 7 days. The percent change in biomass of the earthworm over the experimental period was assessed. Results: Significant variation in the biochemical parameters and biomass of the earthworm were observed in response to amendments. The highest tissue protein (151.6 mg g-1 tissue) was observed in spoil amended with VM and BF. The maximum lipid peroxidation level (0.11nmol mg-1 protein) and catalase activity (0.59 nkat mol-1 protein) were recorded in control. The highest (0.476 g) biomass was observed in spoil with vermimanure and biofertilizer. Interpretation: The results of this study proved that vermimanure with biofertilizer is the most suitable combination for amendment of iron mine spoil with least physiological stress on the earthworms. Key words: Biomass, Drawida willsi, Iron mine spoil, Organic amendments


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