scholarly journals Decent Work During the Pandemic: Indication and Profiling Matters

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
M.V. Simonova ◽  
L.V. Sankova ◽  
F.I. Mirzabalaeva
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Wage Change ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
World Community ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Integral Indicator

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and applied aspects of decent work during the period of unstable economy development associated with the pandemic. The aim of research is to identify key labor trends, determine valid indicators and analyze decent work profiles at the level of the world community, Russia and its regions. The authors analyzed the decent work profiles at the beginning and during the downturn of the pandemic; studied the components of decent work in the economy as a whole and at the regional level. Special attention is paid to the criteria of profiling, which determine the necessary investment directions and formats in ensuring decent work conditions in the country context. Indicators and an integral indicator of decent work, taking into account the conditions of the pandemic, including unemployment; expenditure in GDP and payments against the subsistence minimum; loss of working time due to restrictive measures; the proportion of workers transferred to remote employment; Wage change rate; occupational safety index and others are proposed. The materials can be of practical value for the employment policy directions development at the regional and Federal levels of Russia, taking into account the current epidemiological situation and employment digitalization strategic priorities.

scholarly journals Workers’ Protection in the Covid-19 Era in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-312
Author(s):  
Ogbole Ogancha O ◽  
Oreoluwa Omotayo Oduniyi
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Workplace Issues ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
Pay Cuts ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Against the backdrop of measures adopted sequel to the outbreak of the pandemic, this research focuses on the impact of Covid-19 on the workplace. It highlights and interrogates the utility of responsive measures and also articulates recondite labour issues relating to changing work patterns, pay cuts, job losses culminating in growing unemployment rate, and occupational safety and health concerns within the context of extant labour standards. It also extends focus to the impact of Covid-19 on existing challenges revolving around working poverty, decent work deficit, unfair labour practices, and ineffective labour regimes. This research finds, inter alia, that impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the workplace is colossal, disruptive, and unprecedented, and that extant labour standards, having proved mute on a wide range of contingent workplace issues, can only provide some sort of protection in a detached manner. The research concludes with an array of far-reaching recommendations on the adoption of protective and remedial legal norms that are transient, flexible, and proactive enough to accommodate diverse situations capable of undermining the prospects for labour laws, regulations, and policies in the Covid-19 era.

Accounting for work conditions from modern slavery to decent work

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1504
Author(s):  
Katherine Leanne Christ ◽  
Roger Leonard Burritt ◽  
Stefan Schaltegger
Keyword(s):  
Work Conditions ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Initial Focus

PurposeWith the initial focus on the extreme end of the work conditions continuum where, in the last decade, legislation has been introduced to combat illegal and illegitimate practices, this issue's lead paper provides an overview on key topics of extreme work conditions of modern slavery and accounting. The paper introduces the Special Issue on “Accounting for modern slavery, employees and work conditions in business” and its selected papers.Design/methodology/approachThe method adopted is a wide-ranging literature review exploring the continuum of work conditions and their relationship to accounting, especially extreme exploitation of workers through modern slavery.FindingsEmployment and workplace conditions and practices in business can be viewed as a continuum ranging from the illegal and illegitimate practices of modern slavery, through unethical and often illegal practices such as wages theft, to decent work. Given this continuum, in this Special Issue avenues are identified for accounting research to provide an account of the effectiveness of actions taken to eliminate modern slavery and overcome grey areas of work conditions.Practical implicationsThe paper helps to create an improved understanding of different types of exploitation in work conditions in different industries and the role accounting might play in research and practice.Social implicationsSlavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Instead, it changed its forms and continues to harm people in every country in the world especially in certain industries, of which several are discussed and accounting advice proffered. Likewise, as reflected in Special Issue papers, the role of accounting in reducing less extreme forms of poor work conditions is also considered.Originality/valueThe paper provides an overview of different forms and degrees of exploitation in work conditions and identifies the need for and areas of accounting research in this emerging area.

Co-creating changes to achieve decent work conditions in the New Zealand fishing industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801812110261
Author(s):  
Ani Kartikasari ◽  
Christina Stringer ◽  
Guye Henderson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Safe Working

In 2014, New Zealand enacted the Fisheries (Foreign Charter Vessels and Other Matters) Amendment Act in response to ongoing labour abuses on board South Korean vessels in New Zealand’s foreign charter vessel sector. Importantly, the legislation expresses the universality of the International Labour Organization’s Decent Work Agenda: all member countries must pursue policies based on the strategic objectives of equality, dignity, safe working conditions and that workers are protected from exploitation. The Act was in response to the identification of widespread labour abuses in this sector. In June 2011, the extent of the abuses came to light when 32 Indonesian crewmen of the Oyang 75 walked off their vessel. In this paper, we explore how a range of stakeholders worked organically to bring about change. We do this qualitatively by combining semi-structured interview (with over 160 Indonesian migrant crewmen between 2011 and 2017), observation and document analysis. We analyse our data through the lens of participatory action research which provides a framework to document the processes of who was involved, the cycles of change, what was achieved in each cycle, and importantly the platform for change. Specifically, we look at how stakeholders – the crew themselves, their advocates, academics, non-governmental organisations, journalists, activists, among others – all played a part in achieving legislated protections.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF LABOR RIGHTS OF DOMESTIC WORKERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
V. Andriiv ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Hired Labor

The article addresses the analysis of international legal acts that regulate the labor relations of domestic workers, as well as related problems. The peculiarities of such regulation and its characteristic features are determined. Due to the fact that the problem of regulating the activities of employees who perform work on household services under the employment contract today is global in nature, it is relevant to many countries around the world concerning the basic standards and guarantees for those employed under the contract and engaged in housework. The means established by law to provide decent work conditions for domestic workers, as well as protection against discrimination, various forms of violence and interference in the privacy of domestic workers are determined. The methodological basis of the study were general and special methods of cognition. The dialectical method examines the problems of legal regulation of international norms of employment of domestic workers and their relation to a number of trends that have different effects on international labor law. Formal-logical and systematic methods were used in the study of the content of international legal acts governing the employment of domestic workers. The main result of the study is the regulation through international legal acts of relations concerned with the use of hired labor of domestic workers, improving its conditions, protection against discrimination and creating conditions for the free exercise of their ability to work within national laws as well as for comparative legal analysis and ways of existing systems improvement. Emphasis is also placed on increasing the role and need for recognition of legal mechanisms for the protection of labor rights of domestic workers, improvement of international legal norms aiming at their protection.

scholarly journals The Impact of Trade Liberalisation on Decent Work: The Case of the Philippine Sugar Mill Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Johana Sellado Jadoc
Keyword(s):  
Work Conditions ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Liberal Trade ◽  
Permanent Workers ◽  
The Impact

<p>The impact of trade liberalisation on the structure and nature of work is a divisive topic. On the one hand, there are those who support trade liberalisation by pointing to the potential employment generation (Kelly & Prokhovnik, 2004) and the upward pressure on workers’ skills levels (Mander & Goldsmith, 1996). In contrast, there are those who remain critical and argue that trade liberalisation results in job losses, downward pressure on working conditions and limited opportunity for unskilled workers (Solidar, 2007c; 2007e). Impacts that indicate an improvement in decent work are often framed as ‘social upgrading’ while any deterioration in decent work is seen to result in ‘social downgrading’. Research in this field, while growing, tends to assess the impact of trade liberalisation from a national, sectoral or organisational perspective, while little is known of the workers’ perspective. Adopting a worker perspective, this thesis examines the impact of trade liberalisation on decent work among sugar mill workers in the Philippines.  Using a qualitative single case study method, the study draws on the changes in employment and work conditions in a sugar mill when liberal trade policies were introduced. The study uses both primary and secondary data. Primary data were taken from representatives of the workers, the employer and the government sector at national and workplace levels.  The study highlights the trade-offs between indicators of decent work and finds that decent work can be influenced by institutional frameworks in addition to employment strategies. Trade liberalisation resulted in numerical flexibility where permanent workers were reduced while contractual workers were hired as cost reduction measures and a way of avoiding labour laws that are protective of permanent workers. A shift of employment demand toward semi-skilled or skilled workers was also found. Thus, this research directs the attention of future research on trade liberalisation and decent work towards more vulnerable workers such as contractual workers. Furthermore, it highlights the need to increase the coverage of legislative protection to include non-permanent workers. Lastly, it challenges the Philippine government to increase the skill level of its workforce to facilitate employment generation.</p>

scholarly journals Is Financial Information Influencing the Reporting on SDGs? Empirical Evidence from Central and Eastern European Chemical Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9251
Author(s):  
Elena Nechita ◽  
Cristina Lidia Manea ◽  
Elena-Mirela Nichita ◽  
Alina-Mihaela Irimescu ◽  
Diana Manea
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Chemical Companies ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Since the adoption of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) endorsed by United Nations in 2015, which envision an ambitious representation of what the world could look like in the upcoming years, companies have been employing different approaches to identify and report on their contributions to the SDGs, albeit facing various difficulties due to the goals’ novelty, legislative deficiencies, and the complexity of connections between SDGs and business performance. In this context, the relationship between sustainability practices and firms’ financial performance has attracted much attention among researchers. Consequently, this research is focusing on determining to what extent the financial indicators disclosed in the annual reports are impacting the quality of non-financial reporting based on SDGs in the case of chemical companies operating in Central and Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia), within the time frame of 2015–2019. To reach our objective, a score-based content analysis was applied to assess the measure of SDGs achievement, and subsequently, the SDG score was used in multiple linear regression models with several financial data-based independent variables. The main findings highlight the companies’ contribution to the SDGs, particularly to those addressing the environment and decent work conditions for employees, and suggest that the research and development costs and other intangibles represent the most influential variable in explaining the variation in the firms’ SDG score. Academics, businesses and legislative bodies may find these results valuable in their corresponding activities: theoretical, pragmatic or statutory.

scholarly journals Addressing Occupational Ergonomics Issues in Indonesian Forestry

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efi Yuliati Yovi ◽  
Yozo Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Forestry Workers ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Permanent Workers ◽  
Logging Truck

This study addresses occupational ergonomics issues in Indonesian forestry (work conditions, workers' characteristics, occupational safety, occupational health, and job satisfaction) to acquire a comprehensive perspective in understanding the actual problems facing the operations. Direct observation, interview, questionnaires, and secondary data analyses were carried out to acquire all of the required information. A total of 191 frontline forestry workers (chainsaw operators, helpers, manual hauling workers, skidder/tractor operators, logging truck drivers, and nursery workers) participated in this study. The study shows that various techniques of forest operations (labor-intensive to semi-mechanized systems) have been applied in Indonesian plantation forests, both short and long-rotation, as well as in natural forest management. Most of the workers were non-permanent workers, who receive a low wage, work under a straight piecework system, have a high dependency on the forestry work to make a living, and exhibit poor comprehension of the concept of hazard control. The fatality rate was recorded as 1.3 deaths/106 m3 log, but this may be even higher as this rate only represents data taken from formal forestry workers. An intense physical dimension of fatigue occurs among workers involved in forest operations, with the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper back, lower back, neck, shoulders, and arms. This study reveals eight variables that influenced job satisfaction, i.e., wage, type of contract, accessibility, health services, living facilities, work equipment, training, and social facilities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of work conditions and occupational health risk factors in enterprises within a 10-year period in Latvia

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Dagmāra Sprūdža ◽  
Maija Eglīte ◽  
Mārīte Baķe ◽  
Žanna Martinsone ◽  
Linda Matisāne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Accidents

Evaluation of work conditions and occupational health risk factors in enterprises within a 10-year period in Latvia The objective of the study was to conduct a survey in the field of occupational health and safety the results of which could be used in rational and effective decision making for elaboration of employment and social policy programmes and for ensuring occupational safety and health programme development. During the study the following groups of people were surveyed: employers, occupational health and safety specialists, and employees. The traditional work risk factors (physical, chemical, biological) have changed to new risks (psychosocial, ergonomic, microclimatic) in Latvia today. The study included objective assessment of occupational health and safety situation (analysis of work environment risk factors measurement data bases, information on occupational diseases, workplace accidents). Results of measurements showed that one-third of measured risk factors values exceeded mandatory or recommended limits but situation has been improved during the last years (2002 compared to 2006). The results of surveys reveal insufficient assessment of risk factors in workplaces and selection of most hazardous ones only. Awareness and understanding of employers and employees regarding occupational health and safety requirements was dissatisfactory. The results of the study reveal a low level of workplace accidents compared to other countries within EU, which may be the result of poor registration system in Latvia. Strengthening of occupational safety and health normative basis and improvement of qualification of occupational physicians has increased the number of occupational diseases and patients revealed for the first time from 1996 to 2006. Early diagnose of occupational diseases and effective rehabilitation is an important question to favour a more rapid return of workforce after occupational morbidity. Study showed that attention should further be paid to simplification of legal requirements, development of alternative methods for informing and educating people, as well as recurrent definition of national indicators to assess efficacy of implemented measures related to occupational health and safety.

scholarly journals Contextualizing Platform Labor

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Grohmann ◽  
Jack Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Work Conditions ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Labor Studies ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Digital Labor ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Means Of Production

Digital labor studies emerge in communication research in the early 2010s. Since then, the exponential increase in work and consumption on transportation and delivery platforms has led academics, activists and civil society to discuss phenomena called “uberization” or platformization of labor. Some of the emerging themes are work and artificial intelligence (including the workers behind AI), work conditions of platform workers, platform cooperativism and mechanisms to ensure decent work on platforms. Digital labor refers more to a wide area of studies than to a narrow category of analysis, because work is a human activity. And what does this matter for communication research? Firstly, there is no work without communication, considered as material practice. Communication processes structure and organize labor relations.  Following Williams (2005), platforms are, at the same time, means of production and means of communication. Putting the platformization on the spotlight means there is not just one type of platforms. If there is a diversity of platforms, there is also a heterogeneity of workers who are at risk of being invisible under the same label “digital labor”. There are markers of race, gender and class at work on digital platforms, which means that platformization does not affect everyone in the same way. Trabalho digital. Trabalho em plataformas. Plataformização do trabalho

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