scholarly journals Milky Ascites With Severe Peritonitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Iwasaki ◽  
Takaya Shimura ◽  
Hiromi Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Severe Peritonitis

scholarly journals Anti-C5a complementary peptide mitigates zymosan-induced severe peritonitis with fibrotic encapsulation in rats pretreated with methylglyoxal

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. F1732-F1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Iguchi ◽  
Masashi Mizuno ◽  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Fumiko Sakata ◽  
Shoichi Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Visceral Peritoneum ◽  
Peritoneal Encapsulation ◽  
Severe Peritonitis

In a previous study of fungal peritoneal injury in peritoneal dialysis patients, complement (C)-dependent pathological changes were developed in zymosan (Zy)-induced peritonitis by peritoneal scraping. However, the injuries were limited to the parietal peritoneum and did not show any fibrous encapsulation of the visceral peritoneum, which differs from human encapsular peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). We investigated peritoneal injury in a rat model of Zy-induced peritonitis pretreated with methylglyoxal (MGO) instead of scraping (Zy/MGO peritonitis) to clarify the role of C in the process of fibrous encapsulation of the visceral peritoneum. Therapeutic effects of an anti-C5a complementary peptide, AcPepA, on peritonitis were also studied. In Zy/MGO peritonitis, peritoneal thickness, fibrin exudation, accumulation of inflammatory cells, and deposition of C3b and C5b-9 with loss of membrane C regulators were increased along the peritoneum until day 5. On day 14, fibrous encapsulation of the visceral peritoneum was observed, resembling human EPS. Peritoneal injuries and fibrous changes were significantly improved with AcPepA treatment, even when AcPepA was administered following injection of Zy in Zy/MGO peritonitis. The data show that C5a might play a role in the development of encapsulation-like changes in the visceral peritoneum in Zy/MGO peritonitis. AcPepA might have therapeutic effects in fungal infection-induced peritoneal injury by preventing subsequent development of peritoneal encapsulation.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus Casei Reduces Mortality from Severe Peritonitis Following Cecal Ligation and Puncture in Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Makoto WATANABE ◽  
Akira TSUNODA ◽  
Katsuo YAMAZAKI ◽  
Yuko TSUNODA ◽  
Miki SHIBUSAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Cecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Severe Peritonitis

scholarly journals Meconium peritonitis in a preterm infant: a surgical emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Priyanka Yadav ◽  
Ankit Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Meconium Peritonitis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Good Clinical Condition ◽  
Severe Peritonitis ◽  
Emergency Surgical Intervention ◽  
Chemical Peritonitis

Meconium peritonitis is sterile chemical peritonitis that occurs after intestinal perforation resulting in meconium leakage and subsequent inflammatory cascade within the peritoneal cavity. The clinical presentations after birth can range from completely sealed-off peritonitis without any symptoms, to severe peritonitis requiring emergency surgical intervention. We describe a case of meconium peritonitis in a premature infant following intestinal perforation. In the immediate postnatal period, the patient was intubated and a peritoneal drain was placed. Laparotomy with bowel resection was performed the following day. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged home in good clinical condition.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1622-1625
Author(s):  
Jonathan D.C. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Infectious Complication ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pelvic Abscess ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Severe Peritonitis

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and adnexae caused by a wide variety of bacteria, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and genital tract bacteria, most notably anaerobes. PID is often asymptomatic but clinical manifestations can range from mild pelvic pain and tenderness to severe peritonitis. Pelvic abscess formation is a serious infectious complication. However, only about 5% of patients with PID have a fever or severe infectious manifestations. An accurate clinical diagnosis of PID is difficult and it is commonly confused with other pelvic conditions, including ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis, and rupture or torsion of an ovarian cyst. Antibiotic therapy is aimed primarily at C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and anaerobic bacteria, with prompt identification and treatment of PID recommended in an attempt to reduce the 15% rate of tubal infertility and 40% risk of chronic pelvic pain following this infection.

A Review of Peritonitis Episodes that Caused Interruption of CAPD

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Barium Enema ◽  
Fecal Peritonitis ◽  
Polycystic Kidneys ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Group I ◽  
Severe Peritonitis ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Esrd Patients

In 49 of 508 ESRD patients, CAPD failed because of peritonitis, constituting the leading cause of such failure. These patients were divided into two groups (I and II) according to frequency of peritonitis. Group I patients (n = 25) had frequent, recurrent peritonitis (one episode every 2.6 months) whereas, among Group II patients, unusual or severe peritonitis (fecal, fungal and TB) was more common -in the latter the frequency of peritonitis was similar to that in the average population. Fecal peritonitis constituted 19% of all the episodes which led to interruption of CAPD; most of these cases seemed to be the result of diverticulitis. We believe that patients at particular risk of developing diverticulosis i.e., those older than 50 years and those with polycystic kidneys, should have a barium enema; if extensive diverticulosis is found, they should be considered to be at high risk for development of diverticulitis and fecal peritonitis. Even though the decreasing incidence of peritonitis leads to an overall decrease in peritonitis mortality and CAPD failure, once peritonitis develops, patients have the same risk of dying or failing now, as they had five years ago. For this reason we must undertake further studies in order to improve our management of these patients.

Randomized Controlled Trial on Adjunctive Lavage for Severe Peritonitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-454
Author(s):  
Steve S. Wong ◽  
Wai-Yan Lau ◽  
Yim-Yuk Tse ◽  
Ping-Kwan Chan ◽  
Ching-Kit Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Severe Peritonitis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Background In severe peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis, patients’ response to antibiotic can be poor. We postulated that adjunctive lavage may improve the outcome in severe cases by enhancing the removal of bacteria and inflammatory cells from the peritoneum. Methods Severe PD peritonitis was defined as poor clinical response to empirical cefazolin/ceftazidime and a PD effluent (PDE) leukocyte count > 1,090/mm3 on day 3. Enrolled patients were randomized into either the lavage group ( n = 20) or control group ( n = 20). In the lavage group, continuous lavage by an automated PD machine from day 3 to 5 or 6 was performed, whereas the usual PD schedule was maintained in the control group. The primary outcome was treatment success. Post hoc analysis was also performed to compare the outcome between subgroups with different severity. Results Baseline parameters were similar in the lavage and control groups, including PDE leukocyte count on day 3 (4,871/mm3 vs 4,143/mm3, p = 0.46). Treatment success rates were high in both groups (75% vs 70%, p = 0.72). C-reactive protein (CRP) on day 3 was found to be the only predictor of treatment failure and was used to stratify all patients into tertiles of severity. Whilst a significant decline in treatment success was evident across the tertiles of increasing CRP in the control group (100% vs 85.7% vs 28.6%, p = 0.005), treatment success was relatively maintained in the lavage group (85.7% vs 71.4% vs 66.7%, p = 0.43). Conclusions Adjunctive lavage did not improve the overall outcome, although it may be beneficial for the more severe peritonitis patients who have high CRP.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Rupture of Pancreatic Pseudocyst: Report of Two Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Rocha ◽  
Rui Marinho ◽  
António Gomes ◽  
Marta Sousa ◽  
Nuno Pignatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Rupture ◽  
Pancreatic Pseudocyst ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Pancreatic Pseudocysts ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
External Drainage ◽  
Severe Peritonitis

Introduction. Pancreatic pseudocysts are a common complication of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic pseudocyst’s natural history ranges between its spontaneous regression and the settlement of serious complications if untreated, such as splenic complications, hemorrhage, infection, biliary complications, portal hypertension, and rupture. The rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst to the peritoneal cavity is a dangerous complication leading to severe peritonitis and septic conditions. It requires emergent surgical exploration that is often of great technical difficulty and with important morbidity and mortality.Case Study. We present two cases of spontaneous rupture of pancreatic pseudocysts, managed differently according to the local and systemic conditions.Conclusion. The best surgical choice is the internal drainage of the cyst to the GI tract; however, in some conditions, the external drainage is the only choice available.

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