This chapter outlines of some of the more common conditions affecting the hair and scalp in children. It reviews investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of hair loss, including scarring and non-scarring disorders, and the approach to the child with excessive hair growth. Also discussed are common scalp infections and infestations, including tinea capitis, scalp impetigo, and pediculosis capitis. Inflammatory dermatoses of the scalp including psoriasis and seborrheic eczema are reviewed with treatment recommendations. Scalp lesions are also discussed. Clinical images are embedded into the chapter and help to demonstrate many of the conditions described.