Estimated biological variation of the mature human milk fatty acid composition

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Smit ◽  
I.A. Martini ◽  
H. Mulder ◽  
E.R. Boersma ◽  
F.A.J. Muskiet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid

scholarly journals Changes in Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition during Lactation: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda P. Siziba ◽  
Leonie Lorenz ◽  
Bernd Stahl ◽  
Marko Mank ◽  
Tamas Marosvölgyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Log Ratio ◽  
Over Time

The lipid fraction of human milk provides the infant with the fatty acids that are necessary for optimal growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acid composition of human milk at three time points during lactation and its change over time using appropriate statistical methods. Human milk samples from breastfeeding mothers at 6 weeks (n = 706), 6 months (n = 483), and 12 months (n = 81 with all three time points) were analyzed. Centered log-ratio (clr) transformation was applied to the fatty acid data. Principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized linear model-based repeated measure analysis were used to assess changes over time. The total lipid content was significantly higher at 6 months (β = 0.199, p < 0.029) and 12 months of lactation (β = 0.421, p < 0.001). The constituents of C20:3n-6 and C20:3n-3 were lower at 6 months (p < 0.001). Four distinct sub-compositional fatty acid groups were only identified at 12 months of lactation. The inclusion of small fatty acids of small constituent size in the analysis resulted in a shift in the balance between fatty acid constituents. Human milk fatty acid composition during prolonged lactation is different from that of human milk during a short duration of lactation. Our findings support the hypothesis that a combination of multiple fatty acids is important in fatty acid profiling beyond the presentation of individual fatty acids. Furthermore, the high variability of small fatty acids warrants attention because a compositional analysis may show more pronounced changes.

Human milk fatty acid composition from nine countries varies most in DHA

Lipids ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Yuhas ◽  
Kathryn Pramuk ◽  
Eric L. Lien
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid

scholarly journals Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition: Comparison of Novel Dried Milk Spot Versus Standard Liquid Extraction Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Rudolph ◽  
Bridget E. Young ◽  
Kristina Harris Jackson ◽  
Nancy F. Krebs ◽  
William S. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid

scholarly journals Comparison of Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Women From Cambodia and Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Gao ◽  
Ge Liu ◽  
Kyly C. Whitfield ◽  
Hou Kroeun ◽  
Timothy J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Two Populations

Background: Human milk is a rich source of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are postulated to be important for brain development. There is a lack of data on the human milk fatty acid composition of Cambodian women compared with data from Western women. Research Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the human milk fatty acid composition of women living in Cambodia and compare it with that of women living in Australia. Method: Human milk samples from Cambodian ( n = 67) and Australian ( n = 200) mothers were collected at 3 to 4 months postpartum. Fatty acid composition was analyzed using capillary gas chromatography followed by Folch extraction with chloroform/methanol (2:1 v/v), and fat content was measured gravimetrically. Result: Compared with Australian participants, human milk from Cambodian participants contained a significantly lower level of total fat (2.90 vs. 3.45 g/dL, p = .028), lower percentages of linoleic acid (9.30% vs. 10.66%, p < .0001) and α-linolenic acid (0.42% vs. 0.95%, p < .0001), but higher percentages of arachidonic acid (0.68% vs. 0.38%, p < .0001) and docosahexaenoic acid (0.40% vs. 0.23%, p < .0001). Conclusion: Differences in human milk fatty acid composition between Cambodian and Australian participants may be explained by differences in the dietary patterns between the two populations.

scholarly journals Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Allergic and Non-Allergic Mothers: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740
Author(s):  
Linda P. Siziba ◽  
Leonie Lorenz ◽  
Bernd Stahl ◽  
Marko Mank ◽  
Tamas Marosvölgyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Data

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in human milk fatty acid composition in relation to maternal allergy within a large birth cohort study using statistical methods accounting for the correlations that exist in compositional data. We observed marginal differences in human milk fatty acid composition of allergic and non-allergic mothers. However, our results do not support the hypothesis that human milk fatty acid composition is influenced by allergy or that it differs between mothers with or without allergy. Observed differences in our results between transformed and untransformed fatty acid data call for re-evaluation of previous, as well as future, studies using statistical methods appropriate for compositionality of fatty acid data.

Changes in human milk fatty acid composition and maternal lifestyle-related factors over a decade: a comparison between the two Ulm Birth Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Linda P. Siziba ◽  
Leonie Lorenz ◽  
Hermann Brenner ◽  
Prudence Carr ◽  
Bernd Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Related Factors

Abstract Human milk fatty acid composition varies during lactation and is influenced by maternal diet, maternal lifestyle-related factors and genetic background. This is one of the first studies to investigate a period effect, that is, the impact of lifestyle-related changes on human milk fatty acid composition, in two different cohorts. Lactating women were recruited from the general population a decade apart in Ulm, Germany, using similar methodology. Human milk samples collected 6 weeks postpartum were analysed (Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS (2000)), n 567; Ulm SPATZ Health Study (SPATZ (2012)), n 458). Centred log ratio transformation was applied to fatty acid data. Principal component analysis was used to determine study-dependent fatty acid profiles. A general linear model was used to determine the study (or period) effect on fatty acid profiles adjusting for duration of gestation, age, education, delivery mode, smoking and pre-pregnancy BMI. Two principal components were retained (PC1 and PC2). PC1 was associated with UBCS, while PC2 was associated with SPATZ. PC1 comprised high SFA, and low MUFA, n-6 and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA). The inverse was true for PC2. Although human milk remains a source of essential fatty acids, infants could be at risk of inadequate n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA intake through human milk. The differences in the human milk fatty acid profiles also reflect changes in maternal dietary habits in the more recent cohort, which may comprise lower intakes of dietary trans-fatty acids and SFA and higher intakes of vegetable oils.

scholarly journals Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with Dietary, Genetic, Sociodemographic and Environmental Factors in the CHILD Cohort (P08-114-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozeta Miliku ◽  
Qing Ling Duan ◽  
Theo J Moraes ◽  
Allan B Becker ◽  
Puishkumar Mandhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns

Abstract Objectives Human milk fatty acids impact infant growth and development, and their composition is highly variable. We aimed to characterize milk fatty acid composition in a large pregnancy cohort and identify factors that influence their variability. Methods Among 1094 mothers from the CHILD cohort, we analyzed milk collected at 3–4 months postpartum. Fatty acids were measured by high-resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Individual fatty acids, total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), n3 and n6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA and n6-PUFA) were analyzed as standard deviation scores and using principal components analysis (PCA). Maternal diet, sociodemographic, health and environmental factors were self-reported. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed in genes encoding fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1 rs174556) and FADS2 (rs174575). Results Using PCA, we identified four milk fatty acid patterns: ‘MUFA and low SFA’, ‘high n6-PUFA’, ‘high n3-PUFA’ and ‘high medium-chain fatty acids’. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, fish oil supplementation and fatty cold water fish intake were positively associated with docosohexanoic acid and the “high-n3-PUFA” pattern. Mothers carrying the minor allele of FADS1 rs174556 (C > T) had lower proportions of arachidonic acid (ARA). Independent of dietary and genetic factors, Asian ethnicity was associated with higher linoleic acid and total n3-PUFA. Ethnic differences in ARA were explained by the FADS1 genotype. Maternal obesity was independently associated with higher total SFA and ‘high medium-chain fatty acid’ pattern, and lower total MUFA. Lactation stage, season, study site, and maternal education were also independently associated with some milk fatty acids. No associations were observed for maternal age, parity, smoking, delivery mode, or infant sex. Conclusions These results suggest that a combination of diet, genetics, sociodemographic, health and environmental factors influence human milk fatty acid patterns. Together, these factors explained about 25% of the variation observed in n3-PUFAs and n6-PUFAs and about 10% of the variation observed in SFAs and MUFAs. Implications of these findings for maternal and infant health requires further research. Funding Sources Manitoba Medical Service Foundation; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; CIHR; AllerGen.

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