Endocytoscopic findings of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (with video)

Abstract Background and study aims Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are generally submucosal in location. Because these tumors are covered with normal mucosa, biopsy is necessary to confirm histological diagnosis before treatment. We explored the diagnostic capabilities of the endocytoscope, which can perform ultra-high magnification in vivo, for staining and diagnosing submucosal tumors in situ.

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Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Microbial Flora Adherent to Colonic Polyps

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600002154 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 494-495

Author(s):

C.E. Edmiston ◽

M. Goheen ◽

S.D. Allen ◽

F.A. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Colonic Polyps ◽

Spot Size ◽

Normal Mucosa ◽

Microbial Populations ◽

Sodium Cacodylate ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Fiberoptic Colonoscopy ◽

Scanning Electron

Fiberoptic colonoscopy was used to obtain mucosal biopsies of colonic polyps and normal mucosa for the purpose of studying microbial ecology and mucosal adherence in vivo. These studies involved the taking of multiple mucosal biopsies throughout the length of the large bowel, specifically biopsies of colonic polyps (adenomatous and hyperplastic) and the areas immediately adjacent to them. Earlier observations have documented the feasibility of this technique for studying microbial populations in situ1. The mucosal samples were evaluated by quantitative bacteriology, transmission microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The colonic mucosal biopsies obtained during routine colonoscopy were immediately prefixed in 3% glutaraldehyde buffered in 0.1M sodium cacodylate. Those specimens for TEM were postfixed in 1% osmium, dehydrated and embedded in Epon. Biopsies for SEM were prepared according to the OTO method described by Kelley2. Specimens for TEM were observed in a Phillips 300 at 80KV, while specimens for SEM were processed in a Phillips 500 at 25KV with a spot size of 80Å.

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In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083035 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 434-435

Author(s):

D. Reis ◽

B. Vian ◽

J. C. Roland

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

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Three-Dimensional Subcellular Organization of Hepatocytes in Intact Liver: Simultaneous Visualization of Cytoskeletal and Membrane Markers by Confocal Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163903 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 288-289

Author(s):

Greg V. Martin ◽

Ann L. Hubbard

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Integral Membrane Proteins ◽

Polarized Secretion ◽

Microscope Images ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Intracellular Organelles ◽

Cytoskeletal Elements ◽

Simultaneous Visualization

The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is necessary for many of the polarized functions of hepatocytes. Among the functions dependent on the MT-based cytoskeleton are polarized secretion of proteins, delivery of endocytosed material to lysosomes, and transcytosis of integral plasma membrane (PM) proteins. Although microtubules have been shown to be crucial to the establishment and maintenance of functional and structural polarization in the hepatocyte, little is known about the architecture of the hepatocyte MT cytoskeleton in vivo, particularly with regard to its relationship to PM domains and membranous organelles. Using an in situ extraction technique that preserves both microtubules and cellular membranes, we have developed a protocol for immunofluorescent co-localization of cytoskeletal elements and integral membrane proteins within 20 µm cryosections of fixed rat liver. Computer-aided 3D reconstruction of multi-spectral confocal microscope images was used to visualize the spatial relationships among the MT cytoskeleton, PM domains and intracellular organelles.

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Okra polysaccharides inhibit adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni to mucosa from poultry in situ but not in vivo within infection study

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-2006-949869 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (11) ◽

Author(s):

A Hensel ◽

C Lengsfeld ◽

G Faller

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Infection Study

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Concepts for In Situ Diagnostics in Analog Microelectronic Circuits

ISTFA 2007: Conference Proceedings from the 33rd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2007p0301 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Ted Kolasa ◽

Alfredo Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Analog Circuits ◽

System Architecture ◽

Analog Circuit ◽

Fault Localization ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Diagnostic Capability ◽

Common Signal ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities ◽

In Situ Diagnostics

Abstract Comprehensive in situ (designed-in) diagnostic capabilities have been incorporated into digital microelectronic systems for years, yet similar capabilities are not commonly incorporated into the design of analog microelectronics. And as feature sizes shrink and back end interconnect metallization becomes more complex, the need for effective diagnostics for analog circuits becomes ever more critical. This paper presents concepts for incorporating in situ diagnostic capability into analog circuit designs. Aspects of analog diagnostic system architecture are discussed as well as nodal measurement scenarios for common signal types. As microelectronic feature sizes continue to shrink, diagnostic capabilities such as those presented here will become essential to the process of fault localization in analog circuits.

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Evaluation of Structure-Controlled Silk Fibroin Coatings for Orthopedic Infection and In-Situ Osteogenesis: In Vitro and In Vivo

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3600190 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenhao Zhou ◽

Teng Zhang ◽

Jianglong Yan ◽

QiYao Li ◽

Panpan Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silk Fibroin ◽

Orthopedic Infection

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Phase Sensitive Biodegradable Polymer Based In situ Implant of Olanzapine for Depot Injectable Formulation: In vitro Release and In vivo Absorption in Rats

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412911666150408223837 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 286-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fahad Pervaiz ◽

Mahmood Ahmad ◽

Ghulam Murtaza

Keyword(s):

Biodegradable Polymer ◽

Injectable Formulation ◽

Phase Sensitive ◽

In Situ Implant

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Ferromagnetic soft catheter robots for minimally invasive bioprinting

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-25386-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Zhou ◽

Youzhou Yang ◽

Jiaxin Wang ◽

Qingyang Wu ◽

Zhuozhi Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

The Body ◽

Magnetic Actuation ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Planar Surfaces ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Direct Fabrication ◽

Digitally Controlled

AbstractIn vivo bioprinting has recently emerged as a direct fabrication technique to create artificial tissues and medical devices on target sites within the body, enabling advanced clinical strategies. However, existing in vivo bioprinting methods are often limited to applications near the skin or require open surgery for printing on internal organs. Here, we report a ferromagnetic soft catheter robot (FSCR) system capable of in situ computer-controlled bioprinting in a minimally invasive manner based on magnetic actuation. The FSCR is designed by dispersing ferromagnetic particles in a fiber-reinforced polymer matrix. This design results in stable ink extrusion and allows for printing various materials with different rheological properties and functionalities. A superimposed magnetic field drives the FSCR to achieve digitally controlled printing with high accuracy. We demonstrate printing multiple patterns on planar surfaces, and considering the non-planar surface of natural organs, we then develop an in situ printing strategy for curved surfaces and demonstrate minimally invasive in vivo bioprinting of hydrogels in a rat model. Our catheter robot will permit intelligent and minimally invasive bio-fabrication.

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Development of In Situ Self-Assembly Nanoparticles to Encapsulate Lopinavir and Ritonavir for Long-Acting Subcutaneous Injection

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13060904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 904

Author(s):

Irin Tanaudommongkon ◽

Asama Tanaudommongkon ◽

Xiaowei Dong

Keyword(s):

Sustained Release ◽

Trough Concentration ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Subcutaneous Injection ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Long Acting

Most antiretroviral medications for human immunodeficiency virus treatment and prevention require high levels of patient adherence, such that medications need to be administered daily without missing doses. Here, a long-acting subcutaneous injection of lopinavir (LPV) in combination with ritonavir (RTV) using in situ self-assembly nanoparticles (ISNPs) was developed to potentially overcome adherence barriers. The ISNP approach can improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. The ISNPs were characterized in terms of particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro release study, and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. LPV/RTV ISNPs were 167.8 nm in size, with a polydispersity index of less than 0.35. The entrapment efficiency was over 98% for both LPV and RTV, with drug loadings of 25% LPV and 6.3% RTV. A slow release rate of LPV was observed at about 20% on day 5, followed by a sustained release beyond 14 days. RTV released faster than LPV in the first 5 days and slower than LPV thereafter. LPV trough concentration remained above 160 ng/mL and RTV trough concentration was above 50 ng/mL after 6 days with one subcutaneous injection. Overall, the ISNP-based LPV/RTV injection showed sustained release profiles in both in vitro and in vivo studies.

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