Innovative braking system for high-speed 80-foot platform

The article discusses technical solutions for the creation of an effective design of a brake system for high-speed longwheelbase platforms intended for the transport of containers, as well as for the development of a fundamentally new brake equipment for the pneumatic, electro-pneumatic and mechanical parts of the brake system. Modular braking equipment for the pneumatic and electro-pneumatic parts of the high-speed platform braking system, compactly located under the platform frame, provides technical compatibility when controlling platform brakes as part of not only a high-speed freight train of permanent formation, but also in trains for other purposes, regardless of the location of the platform in the composition of the train. The performance of the braking equipment of each platform in motion and in the parking lot is monitored using pressure sensors and an electronic unit that processes the readings of the sensors and transmits information to the locomotive via one of the wire lines of the electro-pneumatic brake. The brake rigging used on the high-speed platform is arranged in the design of three-axle bogies and provides doublesided pressing on the wheels with typical composite brake pads, automatic regulation and maintenance of the standard clearances between brake pads and wheels. The proposed promising technical solutions make it possible to continuously diagnose the parameters of the brakes of each platform as part of a permanent train, display them on the locomotive monitor and transmit them to the dispatch centers of the Russian Railways infrastructure. Thanks to this, the braking effciency can be increased and the safety of train traffc can be ensured while increasing the permissible travel speeds. In the modern concept of digitalization of the infrastructure of Russian Railways, which provides for the creation in 2021–2025 (and in the future until 2030) of cars in which intelligent technologies should be applied, the braking system of a high-speed platform can be considered as the basis for creating a digitally controlled train — one of the key elements of the digital railway.

Tooth bleaching guided by elab protocol

The aim of this report is to demonstrate simple digitally controlled tooth bleaching elab protocol. To do this we used a cross polarizing filter (polar_eyes) attached to Cannon Macro Ring Lite MR-14EX flash to get the cross pollarized picture. A grey card was included in the photo (elab_card) to calibrate the photos in colour and lightness. Walking internal bleaching (Ena white regular, Micerium S.p.A., Avegno, Italy) was proceeded. At day 10 Opalescence pf 16%/ (Ultradent Products, Inc, South Jordan, UT, USA) was added to the protocol. At one-year-follow-up appointment we can calculate the rebound of ΔΕ = 3,03 but the difference between the two central incisors is ΔΕ = 1,1.

The State-space Model of Micro-chaos

Micro-chaos is the phenomenon when the sampling, the delay and the round-off lead to small amplitude chaotic oscillations in a digitally controlled system. It has been proved mathematically during the last few years in a couple of simple cases that the evolving vibrations are indeed chaotic. In this study, we partially generalize these results to the case when an originally unstable state of a system is stabilized by digital feedback control. It is pointed out that this type of systems are sensitive to initial conditions and there exists a finite attracting domain in their phase-space. We also show that the oscillations, related to micro-chaos may have a considerable influence on the accuracy and settling time of the control system. The application of numerical techniques is unavoidable in the case of chaotic systems. Several possibilities are highlighted in the paper for the numerical determination of important characteristics of microchaotic oscillations.

Radiation-Tolerant All-Digital PLL/CDR with Varactorless LC DCO in 65 nm CMOS

This paper presents the first fully integrated radiation-tolerant All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) and Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) circuit for wireline communication applications. Several radiation hardening techniques are proposed to achieve state-of-the-art immunity to Single-Event Effects (SEEs) up to 62.52/mg as well as tolerance to the Total Ionizing Dose (TID) exceeding 1.5Grad. The LC Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) is implemented without MOS varactors, avoiding the use of a highly SEE sensitive circuit element. The circuit is designed to operate at reference clock frequencies from 40–320 or at data rates from 40Mbps–320Mbps and displays a jitter performance of 520 with a power dissipation of only 11 and an FOM of −235 .

Security Challenges in Industry 4.0 PLC Systems

The concept of the fourth industrial revolution assumes the integration of people and digitally controlled machines with the Internet and information technologies. At the end of 2015, more than 20 billion machines and devices were connected to the Internet, with an expected growth to half a trillion by 2030. The most important raw material for this digital revolution is data, which when properly stored, analyzed and secured, constitute the basis for the development of any business. In times of rapid industrial development, automation of production processes and systems integration via networks, the effective protection of the cyber-physical systems of a plant is particularly important. To minimize the risks associated with Internet access, one must define all the possible threats and determine their sources in the plant and block or minimize the possibility of sabotage or data loss. This article analyzes the security measures used in industrial systems. In particular, risk management and the study of the risk sources in terms of human, hardware and software aspects in networked PLC and SCADA systems are discussed. Methods of improving the architecture of industrial networks and their management are proposed in order to increase the level of security. Additionally, the safety of the communication protocols with PLCs in industrial control systems is discussed.