Normal fetal cardiac deformation values in pregnancy; a prospective cohort study protocol

Background Myocardial deformation imaging offers the potential to measure myocardial function. Remodelling, the change in size, shape and function, appears as a result of pressure or volume changes and is thought to be the first sign of fetal adaptation to placental dysfunction. Deformation can be measured using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). STE in the fetus might be useful for detection and follow up of the fetus endangered by placental dysfunction. Reference values for fetal myocardial deformation during gestation have not been comprehensively described and need further investigation before STE can be introduced in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study is to determine reference values for fetal myocardial deformation throughout gestation in uncomplicated pregnancies. Methods A longitudinal cohort will be performed. 150 Women, pregnant from a non-anomalous singleton, will be included from 19 to 21 + 6 weeks gestational age. Thereafter, fetal heart ultrasounds will be performed 4 weekly, until 41 weeks gestational age or delivery. Ultrasound data will be analysed using STE software to determine reference values for fetal cardiac deformation during gestation. Discussion Measuring cardiac deformation changes in pregnancy can be a promising tool to detect preclinical cardiac adaptation to placental dysfunction. However, previous studies used different ultrasound scans and STE software resulting in incomparable and contradictory results on deformation values. In this prospective study reference values during pregnancy, cardiac deformation values will be assessed with the same ultrasound and software package in 150 uncomplicated pregnancies. Trial registration National Trial Register number: NTR7132. Date of inclusion: 2018/04/06.

Added value of cardiac deformation imaging in differential diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy

[first paragraph of article]Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is clinically defined by the presence of increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness that is not solely explained by abnormal loading conditions. The aetiology is diverse, but in 60% of patients the disease is an autosomal dominant trait caused by cardiac sarcomere protein gene mutation (HCM). In 10% of cases, the cause is inherited metabolic and neuromuscular disease, chromosomic abnormalities and genetic syndromes, whereas, in the remaining 30% of patients the aetiology remains unknown.

Cardiac deformation parameters and rotational mechanics by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking in pre-adolescent male soccer players

The purpose of the study was to analyse whether prolonged and regular physical training in children leads to changes in myocardial systolic deformation and rotational mechanics. For that purpose, cardiac MRI feature tracking was performed retrospectively in 35 pre-adolescent male soccer players and 20 matched controls. There were no changes in global strain, but left ventricular twist and apical rotation were greater in soccer players, which adds to the features of paediatric athlete’s heart.