Remote home-based resistance exercise acutely improves mood profile in older individuals under social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose To assess the effect of a remote home-based resistance exercise session on mood profile in older individuals under social isolation during coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods 32 older individuals (20 women; age = 67.7 ± 6.4 y) who interrupted their regular physical activity routine during the COVID-19 pandemic participated in a remote home-based exercise session via video call. The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) questionnaire was applied one day before and immediately after a body weight exercise session (three sets of 15 to 30 reps in six exercises) to evaluate participants’ mood state. Results Significant post-exercise reductions (P < 0.05) were found in tension (41.2 ± 8.1), depression (61.7 ± 41.8 %), anger (81.2 ± 66.2 %) and mental confusion (42,9 ± 33.1 %), while a significant post-exercise increase (P = 0.023) was found in vigor (18.5 ± 5.1 %). No significant difference between pre- and post-exercise was found in fatigue. The pos-exercise changes on mood state factors resulted in significant reduction (P = 0.032) on total mood disorder score (20.2 ± 11.1 %) after exercise. Conclusion A remote home-based resistance exercise session was effective to improve mood profile in older individuals under social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic.

The Effect of Resistance Exercise Priming in the Morning on Afternoon Sprint Cross-Country Skiing Performance

Purpose: We tested whether a single session of heavy-load resistance priming conducted in the morning improved double-poling (DP) performance in the afternoon. Methods: Eight national-level male cross-country skiers (mean [SD]: 23 [3] y, 184 [6] cm, 73 [7] kg, maximum oxygen consumption = 69 [6] mL·kg−1·min−1) carried out 2 days of afternoon performance tests. In the morning, 5 hours before tests, subjects were counterbalanced to either a session of 3 × 3 repetitions (approximately 85%–90% 1-repetition maximum) of squat and sitting pullover exercises or no exercise. The performance was evaluated in DP as time to exhaustion (TTE) (approximately 3 min) on a treadmill and 30-m indoor sprints before and after TTE (30-m DP pre/post). Furthermore, submaximal DP oxygen cost, countermovement jump, and isometric knee-extension force during electrical stimulation were conducted. Participants reported perceived readiness on test days. Results: Resistance exercise session versus no exercise did not differ for TTE (approximately 3 min above) (mean ± 95% confidence interval = 3.6% ± 6.0%; P = .29; effect size [ES], Cohen d = 0.27), 30-m DP pre (−0.56% ± 0.80%; P = .21; ES = 0.20), 30-m DP post (−0.18% ± 1.13%; P = .76; ES = 0.03), countermovement jump (−2.0% ± 2.8%; P = .21; ES = 0.12), DP oxygen cost (−0.13% ± 2.04%; P = .91; ES = 0.02), or perceived readiness (P ≥ .11). Electrical stimulation force was not different in contraction or relaxation time but revealed low-frequency fatigue in the afternoon for the resistance exercise session only (−12% [7%]; P = .01; ES = 1.3). Conclusion: A single session of heavy-load, low-volume resistance exercise in the morning did not increase afternoon DP performance of short duration in high-level skiers. However, leg low-frequency fatigue after resistance priming, together with the presence of small positive effects in 2 out of 3 DP tests, may indicate that the preconditioning was too strenuous.

Effect of High-velocity Resistance Exercise on 24-h Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Older Women

This study investigated the acute post-exercise effect of high-velocity resistance exercise on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive older women. Fourteen volunteers (67.9±5.1 years) performed a high-velocity resistance exercise session (8 exercises using Thera-Band, 3 sets of 6 repetitions as fast as possible in the concentric phase with moderate intensity) and a control session, separated by a 7–10-day period. Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored following 12-h post-sessions and compared between conditions at 1 to 4-h, 5 to 8-h, and 9 to 12-h. Average 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, awake, asleep periods, and blood pressure load were also analyzed. There was a condition by time interaction for systolic ambulatory blood pressure over 12-h post-sessions (P=0.043). It was observed a lower systolic ambulatory blood pressure in the first 4-h period following the high-velocity resistance exercise session compared to the control session (−6.7 mmHg, 95% CI − 11.6 to −1.8 mmHg; P=0.011). No changes were observed for diastolic ambulatory blood pressure over 12-h post-sessions as well as for the other variables analyzed (P>0.05). In summary, a single high-velocity resistance exercise session elicits a post-exercise antihypertensive effect and may be considered as a strategy to acutely improve blood pressure control in hypertensive older women.

Flow-Mediated Dilation in Healthy Young Individuals Is Impaired after a Single Resistance Exercise Session

The current pool of data investigating the effects of a single resistance exercise session on endothelial function is divergent and inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a single resistance exercise session on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in trained individuals. Eleven healthy, young, recreationally resistance-trained individuals participated in the study. After determining the resistance exercise workload, the participants performed three sets of 10–12 repetition of leg press and leg extension exercises. By using ultrasound equipment, brachial artery FMD was assessed before (PRE) and 30 min after (POST) the resistance exercise protocol or resting (control) to evaluate endothelial function. A significant reduction in FMD response (PRE: 5.73% ± 1.21% vs. POST: 4.03% ± 1.94%, p < 0.01) after resistance exercise was observed, accompanied by a large effect size (d = 1.05). No significant difference was observed in FMD in the control condition (PRE: 5.82% ± 1.19% vs. POST: 5.66% ± 1.24%, p = 0.704). Additionally, no significant difference in baseline brachial artery diameter between resistance exercise (PRE: 3.30 ± 0.32 vs. POST: 3.40 ± 0.34 mm, p = 0.494) and resting (PRE: 3.64 ± 0.41 vs. POST: 3.67 ± 0.62 mm, p = 0.825) was observed. Our findings showed that a single resistance exercise session induced a reduction in FMD in resistance-trained individuals.

Analysis of glycemic safety of a moderate-intensity resistance exercise session in patients with diabetes type 1

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, implying the use of insulin therapy to maintain adequate blood glucose levels. When stimulated by physical exercise, glycemic homeostasis becomes impaired, providing complications in the daily lives of this population, constituting a barrier to physical exercise practice. Objective: To evaluate the glycemic safety of a resistance exercise session of moderate intensity in people with type 1 diabetes. Methods: 12 people with type 1 diabetes (7 men), performed a resistance exercise session of moderate intensity at 60% of 1 RM consisting of 7 exercises. Capillary blood glucose was assessed at the pre-session (GP), immediately after (G IA) and 20 minutes after (G 20). ANOVA for repeated measures was performed (p <0.05). Results: In the absolute values of glycemia, no significant differences were found (P = 0.061). However, when checking the delta blood glucose variation, a difference was found between G IA and G20 vs GP (P <0.05). Clinically important reductions above 20mg / dl (PI: ~ 37mg / dl; 20P: ~ 45mg / dl) without providing hypoglycemia. Conclusion: A moderate-intensity resistance exercise session proved to be safe from a glycemic point of view in people with type 1 diabetes.Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 1, resistance training, exercise.

Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction in Elderly Women: A Pilot Study

Aim: To compare the acute effects of two resistance exercise sessions with different partial blood flow restrictions (BFR) on hemodynamic parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation in older women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Thirty-nine older women (64.4 ± 4.5 years) were allocated into three groups: BFR0 = resistance exercise (20%, 1 maximum repetition [MR]) + 0% BFR; BFR60 = 20% 1 MR resistance exercise + 60% BFR; and BFR80 = 20% 1MR resistance exercise + 80% BFR. Results: A reduction of 14 mmHg (BFR60 group) and 13 mmHg (BRF80 group) was observed 48 hr after the first exercise session, while vagal modulation was increased in the BRF60 group after 24 and 48 hr. Conclusion: A low-intensity resistance exercise session with 60% and 80% of BFR resulted in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean) reduction and positive changes on heart rate variability after 24 h of a RE session.

Revisiting the roles of protein synthesis during skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by exercise

Protein synthesis is deemed the underpinning mechanism enhancing protein balance required for skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance exercise. The current model of skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training states that the acute increase in the rates of protein synthesis after each bout of resistance exercise is the basis for muscle growth. Within this paradigm, each resistance exercise session would add a specific amount of muscle mass; therefore, muscle hypertrophy could be defined as the result of intermittent and short-lived increases in muscle protein synthesis rates following each resistance exercise session. Although a substantial amount of data has accumulated in the last decades regarding the acute changes in protein synthesis (or translational efficiency) following resistance exercise, considerable gaps on the mechanism of muscle growth still exist. Ribosome biogenesis and translational capacity have emerged as important mediators of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Recent advances in the field have demonstrated that skeletal muscle hypertrophy is associated with markers of translational capacity and long-term changes in protein synthesis under resting conditions. This review will discuss the caveats of the current model of skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training while proposing a working model that takes into consideration the novel data generated by independent laboratories utilizing different methodologies. It is argued, herein, that the role of protein synthesis in the current model of muscle hypertrophy warrants revisiting.

Supplementation with fish oil reduces morphological aspects of muscle damage induced by intense exercise in rats

AIMSː To investigate the effects of resistance exercise and fish oil intake on muscle morphology in Wistar rats. METHODSː Forty-eight animals that performed resistance exercise were initially divided into two groups. One group did not take fish oil and the other group took fish oil. The animals of the second group underwent training and took fish oil for eight weeks. At the end of the last resistance exercise session, the 48 rats were organized into six subgroups of eight each, according to the time gap (12, 24 or 48 hours) elapsed until the gastrocnemius muscle withdrawal procedure. At each established time after the last resistance exercise session, the gastrocnemius muscle was removed for morphological analysis.RESULTSː Skeletal muscle cells of the animals that did not receive fish oil presented higher scores of edema, especially those from the groups that had their muscles withdrawn at 24 and 48 hours of time gap. As for the group that took fish oil, we observed a smaller amount of inflammatory infiltrate and reduced areas of necrosis compared to animals that exercised without the use of fish oil, at all post-exercise time gaps. CONCLUSIONSː Fish oil intake attenuated morphological changes in muscle tissue after high-intensity exercises.