Individual Muscle Adaptations in different Resistance Training Systems in Well-Trained Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Angleri ◽  
Carlos Ugrinowitsch ◽  
Cleiton Augusto Libardi
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

AbstractUsing a within-subject design we compared the individual responses between drop-set (DS) vs. traditional resistance training (TRAD) (n=16) and crescent pyramid (CP) vs. TRAD (n=15). Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), leg press and leg extension 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) were assessed pre and post training. At group level, CSA increased from pre to post (DS: 7.8% vs. TRAD: 7.5%, P=0.02; CP: 7.5% vs. TRAD: 7.8%, P=0.02). All protocols increased the 1-RM from pre to post for leg press (DS: 24.9% vs. TRAD: 26.8%, P < 0.0001; CP: 27.3% vs. TRAD:2 6.3%, P < 0.0001) and leg extension (DS: 17.1% vs. TRAD: 17.3%, P < 0.0001; CP: 17.0% vs. TRAD: 16.6%, P < 0.0001). Individual analysis for CSA demonstrated no differences between protocols in 15 subjects. For leg press 1-RM, 5 subjects responded more to TRAD, 2 to DS and 9 similarly between protocols. In TRAD vs. CP, 4 subjects responded more to CP, 1 to TRAD and 10 similarly between protocols. For leg extension 1-RM 2 subjects responded more to DS, 3 to TRAD and 11 similarly between protocols. Additionally, 2 subjects responded more to CP, 2 to TRAD and 11 similarly between protocols. In conclusion, all protocols induced similar individual responses for CSA. For 1-RM, some subjects experience greater gains for the protocol performed with higher loads, such as CP.

Early resistance training-induced increases in muscle cross-sectional area are concomitant with edema-induced muscle swelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Damas ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
Manoel E. Lixandrão ◽  
Felipe C. Vechin ◽  
Cleiton A. Libardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

Negligible Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Free Acid and Calcium Salt on Strength and Hypertrophic Responses to Resistance Training: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline C. Tritto ◽  
Salomão Bueno ◽  
Rosa M.P. Rodrigues ◽  
Bruno Gualano ◽  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Leg Press

This study evaluated the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) and calcium salt (HMB-Ca) on strength, hypertrophy, and markers of muscle damage. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 44 resistance-trained men (age: 26 ± 4 years; body mass: 84.9 ± 12.0 kg) consuming ≥1.7 g·kg−1·day−1 of protein received HMB-FA (3 g/day; n = 14), HMB-Ca (3 g/day; n = 15), or placebo (PL; cornstarch, 3 g/day; n = 15) for 12 weeks, while performing a periodized resistance training program. Before and after intervention, lean body mass (measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry), maximal dynamic strength (one-repetition maximum), knee extension maximal isometric strength (maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]), cross-sectional area (measured with ultrasound), and muscle soreness were assessed. MVIC was also measured 48 hr after the first and the last training sessions. All groups increased lean body mass (main time effect: p < .0001; HMB-FA: 1.8 ± 1.8 kg; HMB-Ca: 0.8 ± 1.4 kg; PL: 0.9 ± 1.4 kg), cross-sectional area (main time effect: p < .0001; HMB-FA: 6.6 ± 3.8%; HMB-Ca: 4.7 ± 4.4%; PL: 6.9 ± 3.8%), one-repetition maximum bench press (main time effect: p < .0001; HMB-FA: 14.8 ± 8.4 kg; HMB-Ca: 11.8 ± 7.4 kg; PL: 11.2 ± 6.6 kg), MVIC (main time effect: p < .0001; HMB-FA: 34.4 ± 39.3%; HMB-Ca: 32.3 ± 27.4%; PL: 17.7 ± 20.9%) after the intervention, but no differences between groups were shown. HMB-FA group showed greater leg press strength after the intervention than HMB-Ca and PL groups (Group × Time interaction: p < .05; HMB-FA: 47.7 ± 31.2 kg; HMB-Ca: 43.8 ± 31.7 kg; PL: 30.2 ± 20.9 kg). MVIC measured 48 hr after the first and the last sessions showed no attenuation of force decline with supplementation. Muscle soreness following the first and last sessions was not different between groups. The authors concluded that neither HMB-Ca nor HMB-FA improved hypertrophy or reduced muscle damage in resistance-trained men undergoing resistance training ingesting optimal amounts of protein. HMB-FA but not HMB-Ca resulted in a statistically significant yet minor improvement on leg press one-repetition maximum.

Changes in the human muscle force-velocity relationship in response to resistance training and subsequent detraining

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars L. Andersen ◽  
Jesper L. Andersen ◽  
S. Peter Magnusson ◽  
Charlotte Suetta ◽  
Jørgen L. Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Type I ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

Previous studies show that cessation of resistance training, commonly known as “detraining,” is associated with strength loss, decreased neural drive, and muscular atrophy. Detraining may also increase the expression of fast muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. The present study examined the effect of detraining subsequent to resistance training on contractile performance during slow-to-medium velocity isokinetic muscle contraction vs. performance of maximal velocity “unloaded” limb movement (i.e., no external loading of the limb). Maximal knee extensor strength was measured in an isokinetic dynamometer at 30 and 240°/s, and performance of maximal velocity limb movement was measured with a goniometer during maximal unloaded knee extension. Muscle cross-sectional area was determined with MRI. Electromyographic signals were measured in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Twitch contractions were evoked in the passive vastus lateralis muscle. MHC isoform composition was determined with SDS-PAGE. Isokinetic muscle strength increased 18% ( P < 0.01) and 10% ( P < 0.05) at slow and medium velocities, respectively, along with gains in muscle cross-sectional area and increased electromyogram in response to 3 mo of resistance training. After 3 mo of detraining these gains were lost, whereas in contrast maximal unloaded knee extension velocity and power increased 14% ( P < 0.05) and 44% ( P < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, faster muscle twitch contractile properties along with an increased and decreased amount of MHC type II and MHC type I isoforms, respectively, were observed. In conclusion, detraining subsequent to resistance training increases maximal unloaded movement speed and power in previously untrained subjects. A phenotypic shift toward faster muscle MHC isoforms (I → IIA → IIX) and faster electrically evoked muscle contractile properties in response to detraining may explain the present results.

UPPER BODY RESISTANCE TRAINING IN WOMEN INCREASES ARM MUSCLE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA BY A 20% AVERAGE

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S325
Author(s):  
L. A. Gotshalk ◽  
B. C. Nindl ◽  
R. U. Newton ◽  
S. J. Fleck ◽  
K. H??kkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

scholarly journals Influence of exercise order on the number of repetitions in untrained teenagers.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Moraes ◽  
Marcelo Pontes Nobre ◽  
Marianna de Freitas Maia ◽  
Belmiro de Freitas Salles ◽  
Humberto Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Leg Press

Introduction: Prescription of resistance training (RT) is increasing among teenagers, requiring further studies to investigate the effects on this population. Objective: To examine the different orders on exercises sequence and its influence on the number of repetitions in teenager. Methods: Participated in the study 12 voluntarily male teenagers (14.91 ± 0.79 years, 1.69 ± 8.61 cm, 62.24 ± 7.26 kg) without experience in RT. After 48 hours of the last session of 10 repetitions maximum (10RM) test, subjects performed one of the four sequences of exercises in a counterbalanced crossover design. Four different sequences were also performed with a interval of 48 hours. All sequences were three sets of each exercise with 10RM load, with two-minute intervals between sets and exercises. The order of exercises was the sequence 1: bench press (BP), pulldown (PD), machine shoulder press (SP), biceps curl (BC) and triceps (TR); Sequence 2: TR, BC, SP, PD and BP; the sequence 3: Leg press (LP), leg extension (LE) and leg curl (LC); Sequence 4: LC, LE and LP. Results: Significant differences were observed (p <0.05) in the total number of repetitions for the BP exercises, SP, BC and TR for the sequence of the upper limbs and for the lower limbs and the LP and LE exercises. Conclusion: The results suggest that the performance of the average number of repetitions for sessions conducted with RT intensity of 10RM in teenagers was influenced by the different kind of exercises in both upper and lower limbs.

scholarly journals Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Suchomel ◽  
John P. Wagle ◽  
Jamie Douglas ◽  
Christopher B. Taber ◽  
Mellissa Harden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Production Characteristics

The purpose of this review was to provide a physiological rationale for the use of eccentric resistance training and to provide an overview of the most commonly prescribed eccentric training methods. Based on the existing literature, there is a strong physiological rationale for the incorporation of eccentric training into a training program for an individual seeking to maximize muscle size, strength, and power. Specific adaptations may include an increase in muscle cross-sectional area, force output, and fiber shortening velocities, all of which have the potential to benefit power production characteristics. Tempo eccentric training, flywheel inertial training, accentuated eccentric loading, and plyometric training are commonly implemented in applied contexts. These methods tend to involve different force absorption characteristics and thus, overload the muscle or musculotendinous unit in different ways during lengthening actions. For this reason, they may produce different magnitudes of improvement in hypertrophy, strength, and power. The constraints to which they are implemented can have a marked effect on the characteristics of force absorption and therefore, could affect the nature of the adaptive response. However, the versatility of the constraints when prescribing these methods mean that they can be effectively implemented to induce these adaptations within a variety of populations.

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