Effect of Fasting and High-Fat Diet Feeding on Plasma and Pancreatic Insulin Contents in Young Chick Given an Oral Glucose Load

Poor nutrition plays a fundamental role in the development of insulin resistance, an underlying characteristic of type 2 diabetes. We have previously shown that high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rats can be ameliorated by a single glucose meal, but the mechanisms for this observation remain unresolved. To determine if this phenomenon is mediated by gut or hepatoportal factors, male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for 3 weeks before receiving one of five interventions: high-fat meal, glucose gavage, high-glucose meal, systemic glucose infusion or portal glucose infusion. Insulin sensitivity was assessed the following day in conscious animals by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. An oral glucose load consistently improved insulin sensitivity in high-fat-fed rats, establishing the reproducibility of this model. A systemic infusion of a glucose load did not affect insulin sensitivity, indicating that the physiological response to oral glucose was not due solely to increased glucose turnover or withdrawal of dietary lipid. A portal infusion of glucose produced the largest improvement in insulin sensitivity, implicating a role for the hepatoportal region rather than the gastrointestinal tract in mediating the effect of glucose to improve lipid-induced insulin resistance. These results further deepen our understanding of the mechanism of glucose-mediated regulation of insulin sensitivity and provide new insight into the role of nutrition in whole body metabolism.

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The initial physiological responses to glucose ingestion in normal subjects are modified by a 3 d high-fat diet

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19900072 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 705-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. B. Sidery ◽

I. W. Gallen ◽

I. A. Macdonald

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glucose Load ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Glucose Ingestion

The present study was designed to investigate whether 3 d of high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (with normal daily energy intake) affected the metabolic, cardiovascular and thermic responses to an oral glucose load (1.5 g/kg body-weight). Eight normal weight, healthy subjects (five male) consumed diets containing approximately 65 % by energy of carbohydrate (C) or fat (F), each for 3 d. Before and after glucose ingestion, continuous recordings of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were made using indirect calorimetry, and metabolic rate (MR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were calculated. Heart rate, blood pressure and limb blood flow were also measured. There was no significant change in baseline MR following the high-fat diet, but the fasting RER was reduced. The high-fat diet modified the responses to oral glucose, with a greater increase in MR (kJ/min; C + 0.38, F + 0.76), and an enhanced plasma insulin response (mU/l; C + 51.5, F + 85.0). There were no differences between the two diets with respect to the baseline blood glucose levels or the changes after glucose ingestion. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and blood flow responses to the glucose load were similar after the two diets. There was no plasma catecholamine response to glucose ingestion. It can be concluded that a high-fat diet alters the initial thermic response and insulin response but does not alter the other physiological responses to glucose ingestion.

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Relationship between insulin response to oral glucose load and creatinine clearance

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.24.12.1066 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 1066-1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Yasuda ◽

T. Sato ◽

T. Furuyama ◽

K. Yashinaga

Keyword(s):

Creatinine Clearance ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load

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The disposal of an oral glucose load in healthy subjects. A quantitative study

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.34.6.580 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 580-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

E. Ferrannini ◽

O. Bjorkman ◽

G. A. Reichard ◽

A. Pilo ◽

M. Olsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Study ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load

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Distinct Effects of a High Fat Diet on Bone in Skeletally Mature and Developing Male C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1666

Author(s):

Dean S. Ross ◽

Tzu-Hsuan Yeh ◽

Shalinie King ◽

Julia Mathers ◽

Mark S. Rybchyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Age Groups ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Rna Expression ◽

High Fat ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Fragility

Increased risks of skeletal fractures are common in patients with impaired glucose handling and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in these patients remains ill-defined as patients present with normal to high bone mineral density. With increasing cases of glucose intolerance and T2DM it is imperative that we develop an accurate rodent model for further investigation. We hypothesized that a high fat diet (60%) administered to developing male C57BL/6J mice that had not reached skeletal maturity would over represent bone microarchitectural implications, and that skeletally mature mice would better represent adult-onset glucose intolerance and the pre-diabetes phenotype. Two groups of developing (8 week) and mature (12 week) male C57BL/6J mice were placed onto either a normal chow (NC) or high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed throughout the study period. Long bones were excised and analysed for ex vivo biomechanical testing, micro-computed tomography, 2D histomorphometry and gene/protein expression analyses. The HFD increased fasting blood glucose and significantly reduced glucose tolerance in both age groups by week 7 of the diets. The HFD reduced biomechanical strength, both cortical and trabecular indices in the developing mice, but only affected cortical outcomes in the mature mice. Similar results were reflected in the 2D histomorphometry. Tibial gene expression revealed decreased bone formation in the HFD mice of both age groups, i.e., decreased osteocalcin expression and increased sclerostin RNA expression. In the mature mice only, while the HFD led to a non-significant reduction in runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) RNA expression, this decrease became significant at the protein level in the femora. Our mature HFD mouse model more accurately represents late-onset impaired glucose tolerance/pre-T2DM cases in humans and can be used to uncover potential insights into reduced bone formation as a mechanism of skeletal fragility in these patients.

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Enhanced Insulin Response to Oral Glucose Load in Patients with Angina Pectoris Associated with ST Segment Elevation in the Absence of Epicardial Coronary Arterial Obstruction

Angiology ◽

10.1177/000331979804900905 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 815-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shigeo Takata ◽

Atsuhiro Shimakura ◽

Satoru Sakagami ◽

Yukio Nakamura ◽

Hitoshi Ohkuwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angina Pectoris ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

St Segment Elevation ◽

St Segment

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Serum proinsulin levels at fasting and after oral glucose load in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/bf02341503 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 355-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

N. Yoshioka ◽

T. Kuzuya ◽

A. Matsuda ◽

M. Taniguchi ◽

Y. Iwamoto

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Insulin Dependent

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Sitagliptin improves glycaemic excursion after a meal or after an oral glucose load in J apanese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism ◽

10.1111/dom.12507 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 1033-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K. Kaku ◽

T. Kadowaki ◽

Y. Terauchi ◽

T. Okamoto ◽

A. Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load

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Acute Effect of Chili Consumption on Thermogenesis and Glycemic Response Following Oral Glucose Load in Men

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:288-294 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 288-294

Author(s):

Muriel Ávila-Seguel ◽

Constanza Márquez-Urrizola ◽

Gislaine Granfeldt ◽

Katia Saez-Carrillo ◽

Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Effect ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental

Hypoglycemic and thermogenic effects are attributed to the capsaicinoid compounds (capsaicin). The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the consumption of 5g of chili pepper on thermogenesis and the glycemic response. In a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental study, the energy expenditure (EE) of 15 healthy men was evaluated by using indirect calorimetry at rest and with the consumption of 5g of Capsicum annum. In addition, the glycemic response after an oral glucose load was evaluated. After the consumption of C. annum, there was a significant increase in the EE of all the participants during the first few seconds postchili consumption. In sedentary participants, the consumption of chili pepper caused a significant decrease of blood glucose levels. The consumption of chili pepper has a potential immediate thermogenic effect during the first few seconds and, in sedentary people, it has a potential hypoglycemic effect.

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