scholarly journals Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes—Related Maxillofacial Injuries Severity and Concomitant Injuries in 201 Patients Seen at the UCH, Ibadan

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Aladelusi ◽  
Victor Akinmoladun ◽  
Adeola Olusanya ◽  
Oladimeji Akadiri ◽  
Abiodun Fasola
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Maxillofacial Injury ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of road traffic crashes (RTC)–related maxillofacial injuries, the concomitant injuries occurring with them, and to assess the relationship between the severity of maxillofacial and concomitant injuries. This was a prospective study involving 201 victims of RTC seen at the Accident and Emergency Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan with maxillofacial injuries during the study period. Demographic data of the patients, the types of maxillofacial injuries, and concomitant injuries sustained were recorded. Severity of maxillofacial injury was determined using the maxillofacial injury severity scale (MFISS), while the severity of concomitant injuries was based on the ISS. Correlations between types and severity of maxillofacial injury and types and severity of concomitant injury were conducted to determine the predictability of concomitant injuries based on maxillofacial injury severity. Data were processed using SPSS Statistical software (SPSS, version 20.0 for windows, IBM SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Maxillofacial injuries constituted 25.4% of RTC-related admission by the Accident and Emergency Department. A total of 151 (75.1%) patients who presented with concomitant injuries participated in the study. Eighty-one (53.6%) sustained injuries to more than one body region. Head injury was the commonest (99, 65.6%) concomitant injury, followed by orthopedic injury (69, 45.7%). Increasing severity of maxillofacial injury showed a positive correlation with increasing ISS. Also, positive correlation was noted with increasing severity of maxillofacial injury and presence of polytrauma ( p = 0.01), traumatic brain injury ( p = 0.034), and eye injuries ( p = 0.034). There was a high prevalence of maxillofacial injuries in victims of RTC. There was a high incidence of concomitant injuries noted with these maxillofacial injuries. Significantly, this study showed a direct relationship between the severity of maxillofacial injury and head, ocular and polytrauma. This study further emphasizes the need for thorough examination of patients presenting with RTC-related maxillofacial injuries.

Changing Pattern of Pediatric Maxillofacial Injuries at the Accident and Emergency Department of the University Teaching Hospital, Ibadan–A Four-Year Experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria N. Okoje ◽  
Temitope O. Alonge ◽  
Olufemi A. Oluteye ◽  
Obafunke O. Denloye
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Gunshot Injuries ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department

AbstractIntroduction:Maxillofacial injuries are common among polytraumatized patients, and in Nigeria, the incidence seems to be on the increase. This probably is related to the drive of industrialization and the increase in the number of road traffic accidents. Delays in attending to severe maxillofacial injuries can be grave because of concomitant injuries that can be life threatening.Methods:This is a prospective review of maxillofacial injuries in patients ≤16 years of age who were seen at the Accident and Emergency Department between October 2002 and December 2006. In all the patients, the accident and emergency physicians carried out initial resuscitation, and thereafter, they were referred to the maxillofacial unit on call.Results:A total of 611 patients with maxillofacial injuries were seen during the study period and of this, 134 (22%) were ≤16 years old. The male:female ratio was 1.1:1.0. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common etiological factor in 73 (54.5%) cases, while gunshot injuries accounted for 6 (4.4%) cases. Soft tissue lacerations were the most common maxillofacial injuries occurring in 90 (55.9%) cases; mandibular fractures were the most common bony injury in 17 (13.4%).Conclusions:The upsurge in maxillofacial gunshot injuries in the pediatric age group is alarming and this may be a reflection of the global changes (westernization and drug-related offenses like armed robberies) and the harsh economic conditions in this community.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries in a developing country: an analysis of 170 injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi O Onyemaechi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tissue Trauma ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences

BackgroundPaediatric injuries have significant physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries presenting at a teaching hospital in Enugu South-East Nigeria. MethodsA retrospective study of injured patients less than 18 years who presented to the Accident and Emergency department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, in Enugu Nigeria, was conducted from 1st January to 31st December 2015. Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. ResultsA total of 1191 children presented to the hospital within the study period and 120 injured paediatric patients (10.1%) with 170 injuries were attended to in the A & E. Adolescents (12 -17 years) accounted for 34.2% of injuries and males (70%) were more affected than the females. Road traffic crashes and falls were the most common causes of paediatric injuries. There was a significant correlation between age of the children and the aetiology of the injuries (X2 = 28.08, p = 0.001). Bruises/lacerations/abrasions (27.6%) and fractures (27.1%) were the most common types of injuries sustained. The injury severity score (ISS) of the patients ranged from 1-25 with a mean of 6.4 + 2.8. Roadside/street (35%), school (23.3%) and home (21.7%) were the main locations where injuries occurred. Mean injury-arrival interval was 1.2 + 0.7 days. Majority (67.5%) of children had full recovery and the mortality rate was 5.8%.ConclusionsRoad traffic crashes and falls were the most common cause of paediatric injuries. Soft tissue trauma and fractures were the predominant types of injuries. Roadside, school and home were the leading locations of childhood injuries. Prevention of road traffic crashes and falls, prompt treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation of injured children will reduce the negative impact of paediatric injuries.  

Road Traffic Accident Related Morbidity as Seen in an Accident and Emergency Department

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Galloway ◽  
A. R. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department ◽  
Serious Injuries

This paper describes some of the findings of a prospective study of victims of road traffic accidents arriving at the Western Infirmary's Accident and Emergency Department over a period of 12 months. More than half the accidents occurred during leisure hours thus likely to stretch the resources of the hospital services. More than a third of the total number of patients were young male drivers. Serious injuries were significantly more often sustained among pedestrians who were often older. Victims of motor-cycle accidents less often escaped serious injuries. Blood ethanol studies on a small sample suggested that male pedestrians were often highly intoxicated. A public health education programme is regarded as a primary measure in preventing a large proportion of serious morbidity and mortality especially amongst pedestrians.

scholarly journals Injury severity of pedestrians involved in road traffic crashes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Segni Tulu ◽  
Simon Washington ◽  
Md. Mazharul Haque ◽  
Mark J. King
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

scholarly journals Injury patterns in patients with QINGQI motorcycle rickshaw related road traffic accidents presenting at accident and emergency department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1476-1481
Author(s):  
Waseem Sadiq Awan ◽  
Arslan Ahmed ◽  
Umme Bilqees ◽  
Unaiza Malik ◽  
M. Kashaf Naseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the patterns of the injuries in patients of Qingqi rickshaw related accidents. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Accident and Emergency Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: Six months from 1st of March, 2019 to 31st of August, 2019. Material & Methods: Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used and all tri-wheeler Qingqi related trauma patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Frequency and percentages were calculated for patterns of injuries and presented as tables. Results: A total of 356 Qingqi rickshaw related injured patients presented in six months study period. There were 243 (68.3%) males and 113 (31.7%) females and a mean age of 32.5 +2.5 years. Soft tissues injuries like subcutaneous edema, abrasions and lacerations were noticed in 206 patients (57.9%). Most common region involved was lower limb in 98 (27.5%) cases followed by upper limb trauma in 65 (18.2%) cases. Ploy trauma was present in 58 (16.3%) and head and spinal injuries were noticed in 27 (7.6%) and13 (3.7%) cases, respectively. The turning over of the rickshaw due to different reasons (47.2%) and head on collision (38.4%) were the leading cause of serious injuries. None of the Qingqi rickshaw drivers (0%) were wearing helmet. A total of 46 (12.9%) cases were pedestrians. Three patients had to undergo amputation for mangled limb injuries. Conclusion: The common pattern of injuries related to Qingqi accidents include lower limb injuries followed by upper limb and poly trauma comprising of head injuries. Males in their younger age group are most commonly injured. These accidents can result in serious morbidity and even mortality. It is now time to consider measures for safety of three-wheelers to reduce such incidents.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of road traffic crashes related thoracic traumas: analysis of 5095 hospitalized chest injury patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengcao Zhang ◽  
Xiangzhi Xiao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Chengkai Hu ◽  
Qiancheng Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Thoracic Injuries ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Chest Injuries

Abstract Background Road traffic crashes related (RTCR) chest traumas remain important global public health challenge. The impact of boosting market of automobile vehicles in China during last decade on thoracic injury needs to be defined. This study aimed to review and analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of RTCR thoracic injuries in China. Methods Clinical records of patients with thoracic trauma admitted to thoracic surgery department between January 2003 and June 2020 were retrospectively retrieved and reviewed. Patients’ profiles and clinical characteristics were comparatively analyzed between road traffic crashes caused injury and other injury mechanisms, and in RTCR chest trauma patients before January 2011 (2003 group), and after January 2011 (2011 group), when is considered as the beginning year of Chinese household vehicle era. Results The study included 5095 thoracic trauma patients with mean age of 50.2 years, of whom 79.4% were male. Most of the patients (70.3%, n = 3583) had rib fractures. Associated injuries were present in 52.0% of the patients, of them 78.5% (n = 2080) were extremity fractures. Road traffic crashes accounted for 41.4% (n = 2108) of the injuries, most of them (98.0%) were related to motor vehicles. In comparison with other chest trauma mechanisms, RTCR chest injuries affected females and older males more frequently, with a higher incidence of rib fractures and sternum fractures, and higher injury severity scores (ISS) (all p < 0.05). Surgeries were required in 1495 (70.9%) patients of the RRTCR chest traumas, while the majority of non-RTCR thoracic injuries were managed conservatively or with tube thoracostomy (30.2%, n = 901). RTCR chest traumas caused longer hospital stay (13.0 ± 9.6 days vs. 11.8 ± 7.4 days, p = 0.001), higher ICU usage (30.7% vs. 19.6%, p = 0.001), higher rate of ventilator support (12.9% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.001), and higher mortalities (3.8% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.005) than that of non-RTRA chest injuries. For RTCR patients, when compared with 2003 group, 2011 group had similar patterns in terms of accident category, associated injury and treatment. However, 2011 group had more females (38.5% vs. 18.0%, p = 0.001) and older males (50.6 ± 9.7 vs. 47.9 ± 17.2, p = 0.001), with a higher ISS (18.3 ± 10.2 vs. 17.1 ± 8.9, p = 0.004), and fewer were managed with chest tubes (25.0% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.031). Clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the groups in terms of hospital length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) usage, ICU length of stay, duration of ventilator hours and mortality. However, the 2011 group had more patients requiring ventilator support (14.4% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.011). Conclusions Road traffic crashes remain to be the major etiology of thoracic injuries in China, which usually affects middle-aged males, causing rib fractures with concomitant injuries frequently occurring to other organ systems. Treatments mainly include tube thoracotomy and surgical procedures. Although the clinical characteristics and outcomes of traffic accident related chest traumas are largely unchanged in spite of the rapid increasing numbers of motor vehicles, variations in the pattern of injuries by gender, age, injury severity and ventilator usage may still provide important information for targeted management.

scholarly journals Pediatric Traffic Injuries on Halloween in the United Kingdom: Prevalence and Injury Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9093
Author(s):  
Li-Min Hsu ◽  
Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽  
Ping-Ling Chen ◽  
Wafaa Saleh ◽  
Hui-An Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Public Holidays

The study results serve as a reminder for parents, children, and drivers to be alert to the danger of traffic crashes on Halloween. The aim of this study was to examine whether Halloween is associated with a higher incidence of traffic injuries and whether traffic injuries sustained on Halloween are more severe than those sustained on other days. The U.K. STATS19 database, including the data of all road traffic crashes occurring from 1990 to 2017, was employed. A total of 73,587 pediatric traffic casualties (involving pedestrians, cyclists, and moped riders) were included. Between 17:00 and 19:00 (17:00~18:59) on Halloween, the number of casualties was higher than that on other public holidays and usual days. The logistic regression model revealed that, between 17:00 and 18:00 (17:00~17:59), the risk of being killed or seriously injured on Halloween was 34.2% higher (odds ratio = 1.342; 95% CI = 1.065–1.692) than that on other days. Pediatric crashes occurring on Halloween are associated with a higher number of injuries and increased injury severity.

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