scholarly journals Selective Reduction of Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid after Experimental Brain Injury and Mitigation of Neuroinflammatory Outcomes with Dietary DHA

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e38-e54
Author(s):  
Christopher Butt ◽  
Jordan Harrison ◽  
Rachel Rowe ◽  
Jacob Jones ◽  
Kelly Wynalda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Post Injury

Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is important for brain development and function, but the interactions of dietary DHA with fatty acid profiles, sensory sensitivities, and inflammation that may change after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are poorly understood. It is also unknown whether DHA alters experimental TBI outcomes measured more than 2 weeks after injury. The current study investigated whether dietary DHA, provided before (PreDHA) or after (PostDHA) experimental TBI, would improve outcomes for up to 24 days after injury. Methods Rats consumed predetermined diets for 28 days prior to midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) or to sham surgery. The effects of PreDHA, TBI, and PostDHA on comprehensive fatty acid profiles, neuroinflammation, sensory sensitivity, and spatial learning were then evaluated. Results The results provided novel evidence that TBI selectively reduced brain DHA content, as injury did not decrease any other fatty acid that was measured. Furthermore, PreDHA and PostDHA attenuated injury-induced increases in sensory sensitivity as well as in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10, and interleukin-1β in the somatosensory cortex. However, [3H]PK11195 autoradiography showed that PostDHA was more effective than PreDHA in reducing microglial/macrophage activation in the somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra. Spatial learning outcomes were largely unaffected by diet or injury, but PostDHA was associated with shorter swimming distances in the Morris water maze (MWM) at 15 days post-injury. Conclusion Overall, sufficient DHA intake may be necessary to replace DHA that is lost to TBI and may improve some symptoms of post-concussive syndrome (PCS) over an extended period through inflammation-related mechanisms.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary supplementation with high- or low-dose omega-3 fatty acid on inflammatory pathology after traumatic brain injury in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Elise K. Black ◽  
Jack K. Phillips ◽  
Jack Seminetta ◽  
Julian Bailes ◽  
John M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Abstract This study investigated dietary supplementation as a prophylactic for neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a preclinical model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received 30 days of supplementation with either water or two dietary supplements. The first consisted of high-dose omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) (supplement A) along with vitamin D3 and vitamin E. The second had the same ingredients at different doses with an addition of cannabidiol (supplement B). Rats were subjected to an impact TBI and then euthanized 7 days post-injury and neuroinflammation quantified by histological detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte activation, and CD68, a marker of microglial activity. There was a trend toward increased GFAP staining in injured, unsupplemented animals as compared to sham, unsupplemented animals, consistent with increased activation of astrocytes in response to trauma which was reversed by supplement A but not by supplement B. The pattern of CD68 staining across groups was similar to that of GFAP staining. There was a trend toward an increase in the injured unsupplemented group, relative to sham which was reversed by supplement A but not by supplement B. CD68 staining in injured animals was concentrated in the perivascular domain. The consistency between trends across different measures of neuroinflammation showing benefits of high-dose O3FA supplementation following TBI suggests that the observed effects are real. These findings are preliminary, but they justify further study to determine the functional benefits associated with improvements in histological outcomes and understand associated dose-response curves.

Cognitive and mood effects of 8 weeks' supplementation with 400 mg or 1000 mg of the omega-3 essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in healthy children aged 10–12 years

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Kennedy ◽  
Philippa A. Jackson ◽  
Jade M. Elliott ◽  
Andrew B. Scholey ◽  
Bernadette C. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mood Effects

scholarly journals Monitoring of Biochemical Compounds and Fatty Acid in Marine Microalgae from the East Coast of Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Kwanchayanawish MACHANA ◽  
Amonrat KANOKRUNG ◽  
Sirinart SRICHAN ◽  
Boonyadist VONGSAK ◽  
Maliwan KUTAKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ft Ir

Determinations of fatty acid profiles of five microalgae; Amphora sp., Chaetoceros sp., Melosira sp., Bellerochae sp., and Lithodesmium sp., from the east coast of Thailand were evaluated by conventional Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results exhibited that the fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production were the most frequent entities encountered in all microalgae profiles. The GC chromatogram of fatty acid profiles in microalgae showed that both Amphora sp. and Chaetoceros sp. comprised essential omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Additionally, this study assessed whether Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy could be used to evaluate and monitor the biochemical compositions of microalgae, including lipid, carbohydrate, and protein profiles, by using colorimetric methods. Results showed that FT-IR spectra combined with biochemical values of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein contents were used as predictive models generated by partial least square (PLS) regression. Cross-validation of the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate models showed high degrees of statistical accuracy with RMSECV values of approximately 0.5 - 3.22 %, and a coefficient of regression between the actual and predicted values of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were 92.66, 95.73, and 96.43 %, respectively. The RPD values were all high (> 3), indicating good predictive accuracy. This study suggested that FT-IR could be a tool for the simultaneous measurement of microalgae composition of biochemical contents in microalgae cells.

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