Gene-Environment Interaction in the Determination of Levels of Plasma Fibrinogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (08) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le-Anh Luong ◽  
Hugh Montgomery ◽  
Ian Day ◽  
Vidya Mohamed-Ali ◽  
John Yudkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genotype Information

IntroductionThis review will focus on the inflammatory risk factors that may influence changes in plasma fibrinogen levels and that may influence an individual’s risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). These inflammatory risk factors occur to a different extent in individuals as their environment changes. Although a specific genotype may be associated, in healthy subjects, with modest differences in levels of a risk factor for thrombosis, this effect may be larger or smaller in subgroups of subjects. Documenting such gene-environment interactions is important if genotype information is ever to be used in a clinical or diagnostic setting. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of such interactions is vital to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to reduce risk of myocardial infarction (MI).We review some of the gene-environment interactions detected to date for the G-455A β-fibrinogen gene promoter polymorphism. Carriers of the A allele, representing roughly 20% of the population, consistently have, on average, 7% to 10% higher fibrinogen levels than those with the genotype GG. Data will be presented to demonstrate interaction between situations of inflammatory stimulation (e.g., smoking habit, presence of ischemic disease, and level of physical exercise) in the determination of the magnitude of the effect of the A allele on plasma fibrinogen levels.The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the likely link between inflammatory processes and IHD. Recently we have identified a functional G/C polymorphism at -174bp in the IL-6 promoter, with the G allele being a 2 to 4 times stronger promoter upon stimulation with interleukin-1 (IL-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In a small study of healthy subjects, the C allele was associated with significantly lower mean plasma levels of IL-6, an effect which may be protect against the development of IHD. Finally, we describe a rapid throughput genotyping method that is useful for large-scale genetic epidemiology studies.

16. Gene-environment interaction in the determination of plasma fibrinogen levels

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
S.E. Humphries ◽  
F. Green ◽  
A. Thomas ◽  
H.E. Montgomery ◽  
A. Winder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

Gene–environment interaction in autoimmune disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine A Ellis ◽  
Andrew S Kemp ◽  
Anne-Louise Ponsonby
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Autoimmune disease manifests in numerous forms, but as a disease group is relatively common in the population. It is complex in aetiology, with genetic and environmental determinants. The involvement of gene variants in autoimmune disease is well established, and evidence for significant involvement of the environment in various disease forms is growing. These factors may act independently, or they may interact, with the effect of one factor influenced by the presence of another. Identifying combinations of genetic and environmental factors that interact in autoimmune disease has the capacity to more fully explain disease risk profile, and to uncover underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to disease pathogenesis. In turn, such knowledge is likely to contribute significantly to the development of personalised medicine, and targeted preventative approaches. In this review, we consider the current evidence for gene–environment (G–E) interaction in autoimmune disease. Large-scale G–E interaction research efforts, while well-justified, face significant practical and methodological challenges. However, it is clear from the evidence that has already been generated that knowledge on how genes and environment interact at a biological level will be crucial in fully understanding the processes that manifest as autoimmunity.

Gene-Environment Interaction in the Determination of Levels of Haemostatic Variables Involved in Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (01) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Humphries ◽  
A Panahloo ◽  
H E Montgomery ◽  
F Green ◽  
J Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

New spectrophotometric method for the determination of hemoglobin A1 compared with a microcolumn technique.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Wålinder ◽  
G Ronquist ◽  
P J Fager
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Sugar Moiety ◽  
Hemoglobin A1 ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We compared a spectrophotometric kit method (Glycospec) for determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) with a microcolumn kit method (Bio-Rad). The Glycospec method is based on the change in absorbance when phytic acid binds to hemoglobin A. With glycosylated hemoglobin there is no such change because the binding is blocked by the sugar moiety. Inter-assay CVs were 2-6% for both methods. In healthy subjects the mean (+/- SD) value for HbAl was about 1% higher with the spectrophotometric than the microcolumn method. For samples from 122 diabetics the correlation between values for HbAl obtained with the two methods was acceptable (r = 0.89), although the spectrophotometric technique yielded 2-4% higher values, a difference at least partly due to the absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from the spectrophotometric standards. Adding 1.8 mmol of it per liter to these standards caused displacement of the standard curve; HbAl values then agreed well with those of the microcolumn method. The spectrophotometric procedure is easily automated, and therefore is well suited for large-scale analyses if problems with standards and calibration can be solved.

Gene-environment interaction in the determination of plasma levels of fibrinogen

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Humphries ◽  
A. Thomas ◽  
H.E. Montgomery ◽  
F. Green ◽  
A. Winder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

scholarly journals Shorter Adult Stature Increases the Impact of Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison of Two Nordic Twin Cohorts

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venla S. Laitala ◽  
Jacob Hjelmborg ◽  
Markku Koskenvuo ◽  
Ismo Räihä ◽  
Juha O. Rinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adult Stature

We analyzed the association between mean height and old age cognition in two Nordic twin cohorts with different childhood living conditions. The cognitive performance of 4720 twin individuals from Denmark (mean age 81.6 years, SD = 4.59) and Finland (mean age 74.4 years, SD = 5.26) was measured using validated cognitive screens. Taller height was associated with better cognitive performance in Finland (β-estimates 0.18 SD/10cm, p value < .001, for men and 0.13 SD, p = .008, for women), but this association was not significant in Denmark (β-estimates 0.0093 SD, p value = .16, for men and 0.0075 SD, p value = .016, for women) when adjusted for age and education/social class. Among Finnish participants higher variability of cognitive performance within shorter height quintiles was observed. Analysis using gene-environment interaction models showed that environmental factors exerted a greater impact on cognitive performance in shorter participants, whereas in taller participants' it was explained mainly by genetic factors. Our results suggest that shorter participants with childhood adversity are more vulnerable to environmental risk factors for cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals SEAGLE: A Scalable Exact Algorithm for Large-Scale Set-Based Gene-Environment Interaction Tests in Biobank Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn T. Chi ◽  
Ilse C. F. Ipsen ◽  
Tzu-Hung Hsiao ◽  
Ching-Heng Lin ◽  
Li-San Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Exact Algorithm ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

The explosion of biobank data offers unprecedented opportunities for gene-environment interaction (GxE) studies of complex diseases because of the large sample sizes and the rich collection in genetic and non-genetic information. However, the extremely large sample size also introduces new computational challenges in G×E assessment, especially for set-based G×E variance component (VC) tests, which are a widely used strategy to boost overall G×E signals and to evaluate the joint G×E effect of multiple variants from a biologically meaningful unit (e.g., gene). In this work, we focus on continuous traits and present SEAGLE, a Scalable Exact AlGorithm for Large-scale set-based G×E tests, to permit G×E VC tests for biobank-scale data. SEAGLE employs modern matrix computations to calculate the test statistic and p-value of the GxE VC test in a computationally efficient fashion, without imposing additional assumptions or relying on approximations. SEAGLE can easily accommodate sample sizes in the order of 105, is implementable on standard laptops, and does not require specialized computing equipment. We demonstrate the performance of SEAGLE using extensive simulations. We illustrate its utility by conducting genome-wide gene-based G×E analysis on the Taiwan Biobank data to explore the interaction of gene and physical activity status on body mass index.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Social Stressor: Psychological and Psychiatric Risk Factors (Based on Foreign Studies)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Z.V. Lukovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Objective. Systematization of the main factors of psychological and psychiatric risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, identified in foreign studies. Background. The need to clarify ideas about the determination of psychological and psychiatric problems caused by the socially stressful impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is dictated primarily by the demands of practice. The relevance of actions in this direction is determined by the continuing instability of the epidemiological and socio-economic situation, the need for prompt and wide coverage of those in need with programs of psychological and psychiatric care, the fragmentation and inconsistency of existing information about the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the population. Methodology. A theoretical analysis of literature sources describing foreign studies of psychological and psychiatric risk factors against the background of a pandemic was carried out; using a comparative analytical method, the meaning and degree of knowledge of situational and individual factors are determined. Conclusions. The general features of studies conducted by psychologists and psychiatrists from different countries against the background of the coronavirus threat were revealed (the predominance of the remote format, the reduction in the variety and volume of diagnostic tools, the use of large-scale samples). The main factors of psychological and psychiatric risk affecting the population in the context of the spread of coronavirus are divided into situational and individual. The factors of the first group are differentiated according to their degree of specificity for the COVID-19 pandemic, while in the second group, socio-demographic and medico-psychological factors are distinguished. It is shown that individual psychological characteristics that can determine the nature of a person’s response to a pandemic remain the least studied and clarification of their composition is an urgent scientific and practical task.

scholarly journals Candida Isolates From Blood and Other Normally Sterile Foci From ICU Patients: Determination of Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility Profile and Evaluation of Associated Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Xinlong He ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Yajuan Li ◽  
Yuerong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The clinical diagnosis and therapy for ICU patients with invasive candidiasis are challenged by the changes of Candida community composition and antimicrobial resistance. The epidemiology and drug sensitivity of candidiasis in ICU as well as its risk factors and drug resistance mechanism were investigated.Methods: In the present study, 115 patients in ICU were recruited from June 2019 through July 2020. Among them, 83 Candida isolates were identified with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The susceptibility to antifungals was measured by microdilution method. The molecular mechanisms of azole-resistant Candida tropicalis were explored by sequencing, and their outcomes were explicitly documented.Results:Candida glabrata and C. tropicalis were the predominant non-C. albicans Candida. The specimen sources were mainly urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood. The age, length of hospitalization, tracheotomy, diabetes and concomitant bacterial infection were the main risk factors for candidiasis. The majority of Candida species exhibited susceptibility to antifungals. However, certain C. tropicalis were frequently resistant to azoles. The polymorphism of the ERG11 in C. tropicalis was likely associated with azole resistance.Conclusion: The multiple risk factors for candidiasis in ICU patients need to be considered. Certain C. tropicalis exhibit resistance to azoles likely due to the ERG11 gene polymorphism.

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