Asymmetrische Hirndurchblutung im Alter?

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
A. Bekier
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Brain Study

Between 1971 and 1975 we performed 1580 dynamic perfusion studies in 1411 patients. The patients were admitted to the nuclear medicine department for brain scanning from the medical, neurological and neurosurgical departments as well as directly by private family physicians.For dynamic brain studies we used the scintillation camera (Searle Radiographics) and a bolus of 99mTc-pertechnetate intravenously injected. The polaroid frames were exposed at 4 second intervalsThe results of the dynamic brain study were divided into five categories: normal, moderately diminished perfusion of one hemisphere, severe perfusion defect of one hemisphere, focal or multifocal hypervascular areas (“hot areas”) and stenosis or occlusion of the carotid artery.In 1009 cases we found a normal perfusion of the tracer material without any side difference between the brain hemispheres.In 68 patients with motoric hemisyndrome of the right side and in 89 patients with hemisyndrome of the left side we were able to demonstrate a diminished perfusion of the contralateral hemisphere.In 65 patients with confirmed primary or metastatic brain tumors we observed a perfusion deficiency in 39 cases and focal “hot” areas in 26 cases.In 24 epileptic patients we found asymmetrical perfusion of the brain.In 109 patients without any neurological signs or symptoms we registered a “false positive” dynamic perfusion study with an asymmetrical initial transition of the injected tracer material.The left hemisphere showed a diminished perfusion in 86 cases, the right in 23 cases.The asymmetrical brain perfusion was not observed in patients under the age of twenty years.The incidence of “false positive” dynamic brain studies was found to be dependent on the age of the investigeted patients with a maximum of asymmetrical brain perfusion scans in the age group between 61 and 70 years.At present time we are not able to explain the reason of the “false positive” results. Because of this reason the investigation will be continued together with the neurologists and radiologists to find out a possible correlation between our study, the EEG-curves and results of the morphological brain investigations such as pneumoencephalography or ACT-scans.

scholarly journals Causes of «failures» on MRI T2* and CT brain perfusion, the analysis of our own experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
V. A. Sukhanov ◽  
O. N. Chernova ◽  
A. V. Vazhenin
Keyword(s):  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Future Practice ◽  
Ct And Mri

Introduction. We examined the experience of performing perfusion studies of the brain, and analyzed the errors in the procedure and interpretation of studies. The data obtained made possible to understand better the reasons that led to errors and how to avoid them in future practice. Purpose: to reduce the number of perfusion studies of the brain, which interpretation is not possible or might be performed with errors. Objectives: to analyze the reasons that led to the inability to analyze the perfusion or difficulties in interpretation of the data obtained, to divide them into groups of factors that influenced the study. To develop an algorithm to reduce the number of «unsuccessful» studies. Materials and methods: retrospectively evaluated 275 CT and MRI studies of brain perfusion performed between 2017 and 2019. Results: the result of this study was a reduction of the number of uninformative studies and errors in the interpretation of correctly obtained data. Conclusion: monitoring the MRI and CT perfusion studies allows to avoid uninformative studies. The standardization of the examination method allows to evaluate the dynamics of changes, regardless of modality.

scholarly journals Variable Anatomy of the Middle Cerebral Artery from Its Origin to the Edge of the Sylvian Fissure: A Direct Fresh Brain Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eve M. Oo ◽  
Khin E. E. Saw ◽  
Hnin N. Oo ◽  
Thida Than ◽  
Khin Thida
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Study ◽  
Selection Of

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a major artery supplying blood to the brain and a common site of surgically treatable intracranial aneurysms. The MCA has anatomic variations that may have clinical significance. In order to investigate and document the extent of such variations, the MCA in 100 fresh brain hemispheres from 50 deceased patients, obtained from the Police Surgeon Office, Yangon General Hospital, Myanmar, was dissected and examined. Double MCA was observed in 2% of specimens. The termination patterns were bifurcation (72%), trifurcation (16%), and primary trunk (12%); early bifurcation was also observed (3%). The mean length of the main trunk (MT) was 20.6 ± 6.2 mm. The number of perforators ranged from 4 to 15 (mean = 9); most arose from the MT (96%), and the others originated at the bifurcation point (3%) and in postbifurcation divisions (1%). All of the perforators (100%) had a single branching pattern. The number of cortical branches ranged from 6 to 13 and included the orbitofrontal (98%), prefrontal (99%), precentral (95%), central (98%), temporopolar (87%), anterior temporal (89%), middle temporal (24%), posterior temporal (62%), temporo-occipital (69%), anterior parietal (88%), angular (83%), and posterior parietal (57%) arteries. Early cortical branches emerged from the MT in 52% of specimens. These data can help anatomists, radiologists, and neurosurgeons in preoperative assessment, surgical planning, and selection of surgical approach.

scholarly journals Hemispheric Organization of Visual Word Recognition in Turkish Monolinguals

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-233
Author(s):  
Filiz Mergen ◽  
Gulmira Kuruoglu
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Recently obtained data from interdisciplinary research has expanded our knowledge on the relationship between language and the brain considerably. Numerous aspects of language have been the subject of research. Visual word recognition is a temporal process which starts with recognizing the physical features of words and matching them with potential candidates in the mental lexicon. Word frequency plays a significant role in this process. Other factors are the similarities in spelling and pronunciation, and whether words have meanings or are simply letter strings. The emotional load of the words is another factor that deserves a closer inspection as an overwhelming amount of evidence supports the privileged status of emotions both in verbal and nonverbal tasks. It is well-established that lexical processing is handled by the involvement of the brain hemispheres to varying degrees, and that the left hemisphere has greater involvement in verbal tasks as compared to the right hemisphere. Also, the emotional load of the verbal stimuli affects the specialized roles of the brain hemispheres in lexical processing. Despite the abundance of research on processing of words that belong to languages from a variety of language families, the number of studies that investigated Turkish, a language of Uralic-Altaic origin, is scarce. This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by reporting evidence on how Turkish words with and without emotional load are processed and represented in the brain. We employed a visual hemifield paradigm and a lexical decision task. The participants were instructed to decide if the letter strings presented either from the right or the left of the computer screen were real words or non-words. Their response times and accuracy of their answers were recorded. We obtained shorter response times and higher accuracy rates for real words than non-words as reported in the majority of studies in the literature. We also found that the emotional load modulated the recognition of words, supporting the results in the literature. Finally, our results are in line with the view of left hemispheric superiority in lexical processing in monolingual speakers.

scholarly journals BRAIN VOLUMES OF THE LAMB, RAT AND BIRD DO NOT SHOW HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY: A STEREOLOGICAL STUDY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bünyamin Sahin ◽  
Hüseyin Aslan ◽  
Bünyami Unal ◽  
Sinan Canan ◽  
Sait Bilgic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Cavalieri Principle ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

It is well known that there are functional differences between right and left brain hemispheres. However, it is not clear whether these functional differences are reflected in morphometric differences. This study was carried out to investigate the right-left asymmetry, and sex and species differences of the brains using the Cavalieri principle for volume estimation. Seventeen lambs, 10 rats and 12 avian brains were used to estimate brain volumes. A transparent point grid was superimposed on the slices of lamb brains directly and the slices of the rat and avian brains were projected onto a screen at 10x magnification. Surface areas of the cut slice faces were estimated by simply counting the points that hit the slices. Mean brain volumes were 37.74 cm3, 598.95 mm3 and 730.38 mm3 and the coefficients of variations were 0.08, 0.05 and 0.05 for lamb, rat and avian brains respectively. The differences between left and right hemispheres did not show statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, the male brain volumes were larger than the females for the lamb and bird (P < 0.05). In light of such findings, it will be necessary to evaluate neuron number of the brain hemispheres to provide more useful data regarding inter-hemispheric brain asymmetry.

scholarly journals Asymmetric visual input and route recapitulation in homing pigeons

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1816) ◽  
pp. 20151957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antone Martinho ◽  
Dora Biro ◽  
Tim Guilford ◽  
Anna Gagliardo ◽  
Alex Kacelnik
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Behavioural Consequence ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Pigeons ( Columba livia ) display reliable homing behaviour, but their homing routes from familiar release points are individually idiosyncratic and tightly recapitulated, suggesting that learning plays a role in route establishment. In light of the fact that routes are learned, and that both ascending and descending visual pathways share visual inputs from each eye asymmetrically to the brain hemispheres, we investigated how information from each eye contributes to route establishment, and how information input is shared between left and right neural systems. Using on-board global positioning system loggers, we tested 12 pigeons' route fidelity when switching from learning a route with one eye to homing with the other, and back, in an A-B-A design. Two groups of birds, trained first with the left or first with the right eye, formed new idiosyncratic routes after switching eyes, but those that flew first with the left eye formed these routes nearer to their original routes. This confirms that vision plays a major role in homing from familiar sites and exposes a behavioural consequence of neuroanatomical asymmetry whose ontogeny is better understood than its functional significance.

scholarly journals Asymmetry and sexual dimorphism of the medial frontal gyrus visible surface in humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Goran Spasojevic ◽  
Zlatan Stojanovic ◽  
Dusan Suscevic ◽  
Slobodan Malobabic ◽  
Saso Rafajlovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Morphological Asymmetry ◽  
Medial Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Human Nervous System

Background/Aim. Studies of visible (extrasulcal) surface of the brain hemispheres are not feasible for measurements of the brain size, but are valuable for analysis and quantification of sexual dimorphism and/or asymmetries of the human brain. Morphological and morphometric investigations of the brain may contribute in genetic studies of the human nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine and to quantify sexual dimorphism and the right/left morphological asymmetry of the visible surface of medial frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis medialis - GFM). Methods. Measurements and analysis of the visible surface of GFM were done on 84 hemispheres (42 brains from the persons of both sexes: 26 males and 16 females, 20-65 years of age). After fixation in 10% formalin and dissection, digital morphometric measurements were performed. We studied these in relation to the side of the hemisphere and the person's sex. Standardized digital AutoCAD planimetry of the visible surface of GFM was enabled by the use of coordinate system of intercommissural line. Results. In the whole sample, the visible surface of the right GFM (21.39 cm2) was statistically significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the left GFM (18.35 cm2) indicating the right/left asymmetry of the visible surface of GFM. Also, the visible surface of the right GFM in the males (22.66 cm2) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than in the females (19.35 cm2), while the difference in size of the left GFM between the males and the females was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Morphological analysis of visible surface of GFM performed by digital planimetry showed sexual dimorphism of the visible surface and the presence of right/left asymmetry of GFM.

scholarly journals Own experience of mri T2 and ct perfusion of the brain, how to avoid «failures»

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
V. A. Sukhanov ◽  
О. N. Chernova ◽  
М. О. Shubny ◽  
R. Е. Shtentsel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Correct Data ◽  
Ct And Mri

Introduction. To reduce the number of cerebral perfusion studies, the interpretation of which is not possible or can be performed with errors, we retrospectively analyzed cerebral perfusion studies for three years, analyzed the identified errors at the stage of data collection and the stage of study interpretation.Aims and objectives: to analyze and divide into groups the reasons that led to limitations or impossibility to assess perfusion during interpretation of the obtained data, to develop an algorithm of actions to reduce the number of uninterpreted studies.Materials and Methods. The study retrospectively evaluated 275 CT and MRI brain perfusion studies performed between 2017 and 2019 on 1.5 T MR and 32-slice CT scans.Results. The result of this study was a better understanding of the causes of the most common errors in perfusion studies. Analysis of the causes allowed us to identify factors that affect the performance of the study and the interpretation of the data obtained. Discussion. In order to perform a quality perfusion study, given the many factors affecting the interpretation of the data obtained, a number of conditions on the planning and execution of the study, as well as on the evaluation of the data obtained, must be followed. Conclusions. Understanding the reasons that lead to limitations or inability to evaluate MRI and CT perfusion studies, adhering to guidelines for planning and evaluating studies allows for correct data and avoids obtaining uninformative studies or studies whose interpretation is limited.

scholarly journals The music in the brain hemispheres

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Giulia Gizzi ◽  
Elisabetta Albi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Control ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The mini-review provides an overview on the differences between the right and left hemispheres of the brain. Recent studies highlight the contribution of the two hemispheres to the physical and mental control, and the interaction language-music. We focused the attention on the behaviour of the right and left hemispheres about the music and on what happens when music areas are damaged.

scholarly journals Space in Luria Neuropsychology: Ideas, Clinical Phenomenology, Research Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Neuropsychological Diagnostics ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

The article discusses various aspects of research on spatial functions in Russian neuropsychology. According to the author, spatial functions are those mental processes whose main purpose is to obtain information about the spatial properties of objects and perform spatial actions and operations. The author analyzes some aspects of the neuropsychological approach to the perception and understanding of violations of the mental reflection of space. The article discusses some cultural and historical prerequisites for the emergence of a neuropsychological approach to the study of spatial functions. There are also data on references to spatial disorders in the works of the founders of clinical psychology in Russia – S. S. Korsakov and V. M. Bekhterev. The author writes that A. R. Luria's interest in space arose even before the emergence of neuropsychology as an independent science. In the research on the mental development of children, conducted by him in the second half of the 20s of the last century together with L. S. Vygotsky, the attentive reader will find data on the development of various spatial representations. Long-term study of violations of spatial functions in local brain lesions allowed A. R. Luria, his colleagues and students not only to describe various symptoms of disturbances of spatial components of perception, memory, thinking, and voluntary movements, but also to significantly clarify the idea of the complex brain organization of the so-called spatial factor. In addition, Luria neuropsychology was able to develop an original integrative model of the spatial organization of the human brain, in which various cerebral zones and structures work in concert to ensure the fulfillment of various mental and behavioral tasks. Analyzing the work of A. R. Luria, the author, along with undoubted achievements, notes some discrepancies and gaps in the study of spatial disorders. It is shown that in the fundamental monographs of A. R. Luria, violations of the spatial aspects of tactile and auditory perception and spatial memory were discussed very concisely. Ideas about the “vertical organization” of spatial functions, i.e. the contribution of not only cortical areas of the brain, but also subcortical structures to their implementation, also developed gradually. This statement is also true when it comes to a comparative analysis of violations of spatial functions in local lesions of the right and left hemispheres of the brain. A significant contribution to the development of the problem of functional asymmetry of the brain hemispheres in the processes of spatial analysis and synthesis was made not only by Moscow neuropsychologists, but also by their Leningrad colleagues – L. Ya. Balonov, V. L. Deglin, E. P. Kok, Ya. A. Meerson and others. After the death of A. R. Luria his followers (N. K. Korsakova, Yu. V. Mikadze, E. G. Simernitskaya) began to develop new areas of neuropsychological science – the neuropsychology of childhood and aging. The article discusses in detail the history of creation and current state of the complex of empirical methods used for neuropsychological diagnostics of spatial functions. Special attention is paid to the possibility of using the chronotope category in neuropsychological research.

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