Data Screening Methods – Application to Differential Diagnosis in Pancreatic Pathology from Radiological Signs

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Durbec ◽  
Jaqueline Cornée ◽  
P. Berthezene
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Chronic Calcifying Pancreatitis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Calcifying Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancreatic Pathology ◽  
Data Screening

The practice of systematic examinations in hospitals and the increasing development of automatic data processing permits the storing of a great deal of information about a large number of patients belonging to different diagnosis groups.To predict or to characterize these diagnosis groups some descriptors are particularly useful, others carry no information. Data screening based on the properties of mutual information and on the log cross products ratios in contingency tables is developed. The most useful descriptors are selected. For each one the characterized groups are specified.This approach has been performed on a set of binary (presence—absence) radiological variables. Four diagnoses groups are concerned: cancer of pancreas, chronic calcifying pancreatitis, non-calcifying pancreatitis and probable pancreatitis. Only twenty of the three hundred and forty initial radiological variables are selected. The presence of each corresponding sign is associated with one or more diagnosis groups.

scholarly journals Engineering Approach to Identifying Patients with Colon Tumors on the Basis of Electrophotonic Imaging Technique Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Yakovleva ◽  
K.G. Korotkov ◽  
E.D. Fedorov ◽  
E.V. Ivanova ◽  
R.V. Plahov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Colonic Neoplasms ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Size Number

Background:Colonic neoplasms are quite a serious problem today. Screening methods play an important role in diagnosing the disease. Colorectal cancer screening is a complex undertaking, having various options, which require a lot of efforts both from the doctor and from the patient, including the use of sedatives and the necessity of the presence of an assistant for some procedures such as colonoscopy. This is why it is very important to find a method by which one can make a diagnosis quickly, easily, and painlessly.Methods:The ability to identify patients with tumors of the colon using the Electrophotonic Imaging (EPI) technique, as well as using it for differential diagnosis of tumors of the colon by their morphology, size and quantity was investigated. Selection of the most significant parameters of the EPI-graphy for the separation of the control group and the group of patients with tumors of the colon was developed. 137 people were studied with the EPI camera, with ages ranging from 16 to 86 years, including 49 males and 88 females. Based on the results of the colonoscopy and histological findings all subjects were divided into 2 groups: control group of 55 people, 9 males, 46 females; and patients with tumors (benign or malignant) of the colon - 82 people; 40 males and 42 females. Then all subjects were divided into smaller groups based on morphology, size, number of tumors and localization.Results:Based on the identified indicators decision rules to determine the patients with tumors of the colon were constructed. The specificity of the resulting function was 80.0% and sensitivity 75.6%. Decision rule was built as well with logistic regression. The specificity of the resulting function was 78.2% and sensitivity 90.0%. The accuracy of this approach was higher than using discriminant analysis.Conclusions:The results of this study have proven the ability to identify patients with tumors of the colon using EPI technology, as well as use it for differential diagnosis of tumors of the colon by their morphology, size and quantity. EPI testing is non-invasive, takes less than five minutes, and equipment is relatively cheap and accessible in mass production. This opens up good prospects for further research for implementation as a first step of the screening process. This paper presents the pilot study developing methodological approach to the GDV data processing. That is why we tried different methods of data processing. At the same time we do not pretend to develop a diagnostic method – sample size is too small for this, and other cancer types were not studied. Further research is needed.

Value of Ca 19-9 Assay in Serum and Duodenal Juice in the Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Tappero ◽  
Paolo Piantino
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pancreatic Disease ◽  
Duodenal Juice ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Calcifying Pancreatitis ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Calcifying Pancreatitis

Levels of CA 19-9 in the serum and duodenal juice of nine patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC), ten patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) and ten healthy volunteers (C) were determined by immunoassay. Duodenal juice was obtained by duodenal intubation during the secretin caerulein test. Elevated CA 19-9 levels in the serum were significantly more frequent in PC than in CCP patients, but two PC patients gave levels only slightly above the cut off value of 37 U/ml. CA 19-9 levels in duodenal juice were significantly higher in PC than in CCP patients, but there was some overlap between them; no overlapping was seen between PC or CCP group and controls. Two PC patients with duodenal juice CA 19-9 levels overlapping those of CCP were the same who showed only a slight rise in serum CA 19-9 levels. The CA 19-9 to total protein ratio in duodenal juice did not permit better discrimination between PC and CCP. We conclude that CA 19-9 assay in duodenal juice can differentiate healthy subjects from patients with pancreatic diseases, but it cannot improve the differential diagnosis between CCP and PC patients with a slight rise of CA 19-9 levels in serum.

scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of pancreatic diseases: new approaches in laboratory and radiologic diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
L. V. Vinokurova ◽  
K. A. Lesko ◽  
D. S. Bordin ◽  
E. A. Dubtsova ◽  
E. Yu. Tyulyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Informative Marker ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Chronic Calcifying Pancreatitis ◽  
Calcifying Pancreatitis

Aim. To assess significance of serum fibronectin (FN) and new approaches of processing computed tomography (CT) results for pancreatic cancer (PC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) differential diagnosis. Materials and methods. Data of 49 patients with pancreatic lesions who underwent multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with intravenous contrast enhancement and FN evaluation in 2018 were analyzed. There were 29 (59.2%) males and 20 (40.8%) females, mean age 51.9±13.9 (30–82). All patients were divided in 3 groups: 1 — PC (17 patients, 34.6%) — morphologically verified, 2 — chronic pancreatitis with previous pancreonecrosis (CPPN) — 16 patients, 32.7%, 3 — chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) — 16 patients, 32.7%. We calculated median of enhancement gradient between region of interest and intact parenchyma (Мgrad) based on MSCT results. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (rp) was calculated for correlation assessment. Results. We assessed mean Мgrad and mean serum FN rate in all three groups: PC — 28.1±2.6, р=0.0001, CPPN — 14.9±2.4, р=0.07, CCP — 13.3±0.7, р=0.08 for Мgrad, and 239.8±30.1, p=0.8, 243.5±33.8, p=0.7, 227.2±34.3, p=0.8 for serum FN rate, respectively. There was statistically significant strong correlation of Мgrad in patients with PC (rp=0.63, p=0.0001). We revealed cut-off point of Мgrad value for PC that was 20 (p=0.001). There were no statistically significant correlations of serum FN rate in all groups (PC rp=0.04, p=0.8; CPPN rp=0.06, p=0.7; CCP rp=-0.03, p=0.8). Conclusions. Mgrad evaluation based on MSCT is an informative marker for differential diagnosis between PC and chronic pancreatitis, high rates of Мgrad positively correlate with PC existence. There was no correlation between serum FN rate and existence of PC, CPPN or CCP.

Ultrasonic differential diagnostics of cyst and cystic tumors of the spleen

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
M. Z. Alimurzaeva ◽  
D. A. Ionkin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Cystic Tumors ◽  
Number Of Patients

The incidence of focal lesions in the spleen is 3.2–4.2% per 100,000 population. Spleen cysts are rare (incidence 0.75 per 100,000). These are single or multiple, thin- and smooth-walled cavities filled with a transparent liquid. Distinguish between primary (or true) cysts, lined with epithelium, and secondary (or false), devoid of epithelial lining. Among the primary cysts, there are congenital cysts formed in the embryonic period due to the migration of peritoneal cells into the spleen tissue, dermoid and epidermoid cysts. A special group of primary cysts are parasitic cysts. Cystic tumors of the spleen include lymphangioma and lymphoma.The main difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen are associated with the rarity of this pathology and, as a consequence, a small number of works, including a significant number of the cases. However, in those works where a large number of the cases are described, most often this is one morphological form and an analysis of its various characteristics.Purpose. Based on the analysis of our own examination data of a significant number of patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen, to assess the possibility of differential diagnosis of individual morphological forms according to ultrasound data.Materials and methods. 323 patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen from 15 to 77 years old (men – 105 (32.5%); women – 218 (67.5%) were treated at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery for the period from 1980 to 2020. All patients underwent ultrasound during examination. Surgical treatment was carried out in various ways – (85.1%), when making a preoperative diagnosis of an uncomplicated spleen cyst of small size, dynamic observation was carried out (verification by puncture biopsy data).Results. Morphological verification of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen was presented as follows (taking into account possible difficulties in identifying the epithelial lining): true cyst – 182 (56.4%); dermoid cyst – 3 (0.9%) (malignant – in 1 case); pseudocyst – 16 (5.0%); pancreatogenic – 34 (10.5%); echinococcus – 52 (16.1%); lymphangioma – 24 (7.4%); lymphoma – 10 (3.1%); ovarian cancer metastasis – 2 (0.6%). The article describes the ultrasound signs of the above forms of the lesions with an emphasis on the complexity of diagnosis.Conclusions. Primary and parasitic spleen cysts are well differentiated according to ultrasound; false cysts of the spleen, depending on the cause of their occurrence, can create difficulties in their identification and differentiation (they require careful dynamic control); cystic tumors of the spleen should be differentiated from malignant tumors and metastases of a cystic structure, as a result of which such vigilance should always be present when they are detected.

scholarly journals Directed Data-Processing Inequalities for Systems with Feedback

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Milan S. Derpich ◽  
Jan Østergaard
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Information Rate ◽  
Random Input ◽  
Directed Information ◽  
Stochastic Mapping

We present novel data-processing inequalities relating the mutual information and the directed information in systems with feedback. The internal deterministic blocks within such systems are restricted only to be causal mappings, but are allowed to be non-linear and time varying, and randomized by their own external random input, can yield any stochastic mapping. These randomized blocks can for example represent source encoders, decoders, or even communication channels. Moreover, the involved signals can be arbitrarily distributed. Our first main result relates mutual and directed information and can be interpreted as a law of conservation of information flow. Our second main result is a pair of data-processing inequalities (one the conditional version of the other) between nested pairs of random sequences entirely within the closed loop. Our third main result introduces and characterizes the notion of in-the-loop (ITL) transmission rate for channel coding scenarios in which the messages are internal to the loop. Interestingly, in this case the conventional notions of transmission rate associated with the entropy of the messages and of channel capacity based on maximizing the mutual information between the messages and the output turn out to be inadequate. Instead, as we show, the ITL transmission rate is the unique notion of rate for which a channel code attains zero error probability if and only if such an ITL rate does not exceed the corresponding directed information rate from messages to decoded messages. We apply our data-processing inequalities to show that the supremum of achievable (in the usual channel coding sense) ITL transmission rates is upper bounded by the supremum of the directed information rate across the communication channel. Moreover, we present an example in which this upper bound is attained. Finally, we further illustrate the applicability of our results by discussing how they make possible the generalization of two fundamental inequalities known in networked control literature.

Idiopathic chronic calcifying pancreatitis with diabetes mellitus

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 963-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Matozaki ◽  
Choitsu Sakamoto ◽  
Toshiya Suzuki ◽  
Seiko Chujo ◽  
Kohei Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Calcifying Pancreatitis ◽  
Calcifying Pancreatitis

Workshop 1: Differential Diagnosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Martin Rossor
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Made In

We were asked to consider differential diagnosis. We decided that it really is different from the other diagnostic modalities and cannot be treated in the same way as, for example, global or neuropsychological measures. In the context of this meeting, we believed it would be appropriate to consider clinical criteria. Thus, clinical criteria for the dementia syndrome as well as for specific diseases were discussed. We recognized that in the future, an increasing number of patients will present with cognitive impairment who do not fulfill the clinical criteria for dementia. These patients may alternatively have an isolated memory impairment syndrome. Nevertheless, a diagnosis will still need to be made in these patients, at least in terms of the underlying molecular pathology, in order to implement potential treatments.

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