Fibrinolytic Activity of Human Veins in Arms and Legs

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pandolfi ◽  
B Robertson ◽  
S Isacson ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vasa Vasorum ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
The Media

SummaryA modification of the fibrin slide method of Todd permitting a semiquantitative estimation of the fibrinolytic activity in tissue sections is described. By means of this technique, the authors have studied the fibrinolytic activity of the great saphenous vein and of superficial veins of the arm and leg in patients suffering from varices and in normal subjects. It was found that:1. Fibrinolytic activity is localized, in these vessels, mainly to the vasa vasorum of the adventitia. The media is moderately active. Intimal cells are active only when detached.2. The great saphenous vein is more active above than below the knee.3. The veins of the arm are definitely more active than the veins of the leg.4. The activator of plasminogen demonstrated in the sections by the fibrin slide method is a fairly stable enzyme still active after exposure to 60° C and resistent to moderate variations of pH.

Malignant tumours as a rare cause of recurrent thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (06) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
N. König ◽  
H. J. Stark ◽  
P.-M. Baier
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumour ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Unfavourable Prognosis ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour

SummaryWe present two case reports concerning patients who had to undergone surgical treatment according tp the diagnosis of thrombophlebitis with insufficiency of the greater saphenous vein and putative encapsulated haematoma in the lower left leg area. During the operation we found tumours with urgent suspicion of malignancy. The histological examination revealed the diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour which are extremely malignant, but very rare neoplasmas with unfavourable prognosis. Conclusion: Since both types of tumours are often located below the knee, phlebotomists and vascular surgeons should take them into account as differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Exploring the Microangioarchitecture of the Vasa Vasorum of the Human Great Saphenous Vein by SEM and 3D Morphometry of Vascular Corrosion Casts

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
K.M. Erlbacher ◽  
M. Herbst ◽  
B. Minnich
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Vasa Vasorum ◽  
Corrosion Casts ◽  
Vascular Corrosion Casts

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.

Anatomy of the lymph node venous networks of the groin and their investigation by ultrasonography

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Francois Uhl ◽  
Miguel Lo Vuolo ◽  
Nicos Labropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Anatomical Finding

Objective To describe the anatomy of the lymph node venous networks of the groin and their assessment by ultrasonography. Material and methods Anatomical dissection of 400 limbs in 200 fresh cadavers following latex injection as well as analysis of 100 CT venograms. Routine ultrasound examinations were done in patients with chronic venous disease. Results Lymph node venous networks were found in either normal subjects or chronic venous disease patients with no history of operation. These networks have three main characteristics: they cross the nodes, are connected to the femoral vein by direct perforators, and join the great saphenous vein and/or anterior accessory great saphenous vein. After groin surgery, lymph node venous networks are commonly seen as a dilated and refluxing network with a dystrophic aspect. We found dilated lymph node venous networks in about 15% of the dissected cadavers. Conclusion It is likely that lymph node venous networks represent remodeling and dystrophic changes of a normal pre-existing network rather than neovessels related to angiogenic factors that occur as a result of an inflammatory response to surgery. The so-called neovascularization after surgery could, in a number of cases, actually be the onset of dystrophic lymph node venous networks. Lymph node venous networks are an ever-present anatomical finding in the groin area. Their dilatation as well as the presence of reflux should be ruled out by US examination of the venous system as they represent a contraindication to a groin approach, particularly in recurrent varicose veins after surgery patients. A refluxing lymph node venous network should be treated by echo-guided foam injection.

CHIVA treatment of saphenous vein insufficiency with aneurysm of the great saphenous vein in von Willebrand’s disease

Phlebologie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (06) ◽  
pp. 371-374
Author(s):  
E. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Saphenofemoral Junction ◽  
Minor Procedure

SummaryIn patients with an increased tendency to bleeding and severe varicose veins, even the minimally invasive venous procedure CHIVA requires careful planning and risk assessment. CHIVA treatment is reported in a 67-year-old female patient with aneurysm of the great saphenous vein at the saphenofemoral junction, reflux above and below the knee (Hach III), skin changes (C4a) and von Willebrand’s disease. Radiofrequency was used over a 13 cm segment in the proximal great saphenous vein. The result shows a reduction in the diameter of the great saphenous vein at the thigh from 8.2 to 5.4 mm and an absence of reflux and absence of clinic. Even in patients with severe findings, a minor procedure can achieve a good clinical result with low risk.

Vasa vasorum of the human great saphenous vein

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kachlík ◽  
A. Lametschwandtner ◽  
J. Rejmontová ◽  
J. Stingl ◽  
I. Vaněk
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Vasa Vasorum

Great saphenous vein sparing versus stripping in Trendelenburg operation for primary varicose veins: a prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Ashikesh Kundal ◽  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Deepak Rajput ◽  
Udit Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
Venous Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Significant Difference

<b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of the great saphenous vein (GSV) sparing versus stripping during Trendelenburg operation for varicose veins. <br><b>Methods:</b> This was a prospective randomized study of primary varicose vein patients who underwent Trendelenburg operation. Data of patients operated on over a period of 16 months was collected, including: below knee GSV diameter by Duplex Ultrasound and revised venous clinical severity score (rVCSS), calculated preoperatively and postoperatively at 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, and 8<sup>th</sup> week. <br><b>Results:</b> A total of 36 patients undergoing Trendelenburg operation were included in the study. Nineteen patients underwent GSV sparing while 17 underwent stripping of GSV till just below the knee after juxtafemoral flush ligation of the great saphenous vein. There was a significant decrease in the below-knee GSV diameter (19% after 2 months) and rVCSS (60.8%) in the sparing group. The stripping group also showed an almost similar decrease in below-knee GSV diameter (19.6% after 2 months) and rVCSS (66.3%). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of change in GSV diameter (P = 0.467) and rVCSS (P = 0.781). <br><b>Conclusion:</b> Trendelenburg procedure with sparing of GSV can be done routinely for operative management of varicose veins, where surgery is needed.

scholarly journals Venous hemodynamics assessed with air plethysmography in legs with lymphedema

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Kotaro Suehiro ◽  
Noriyasu Morikage ◽  
Koshiro Ueda ◽  
Makoto Samura ◽  
Yuriko Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Venous Filling ◽  
Air Plethysmography ◽  
Vein Reflux

This study was conducted to identify specific abnormalities using the results from air plethysmography in legs with lymphedema. A routine air plethysmography exercise protocol was performed in 31 patients with unilateral leg lymphedema, and the results were compared with those of 53 patients with unilateral great saphenous vein reflux and 15 normal subjects. The venous filling index in legs with lymphedema (2.1 ± 1.2 mL/sec) was smaller than in legs with great saphenous vein reflux (6.4 ± 4.1 mL/sec, p < 0.05), but was not different from that in normal legs (1.9 ± 1.2 mL/sec). The ejection fraction was similar in all groups. The residual volume fraction in legs with lymphedema (35 ± 32%) was larger than that in normal subjects (13 ± 23%, p < 0.05), but was not significantly different from that in the contralateral leg of the lymphedema patients (32 ± 27%). In conclusion, we found no specific air plethysmography findings in uncomplicated lymphedema.

Retrograde technique for great saphenous vein ablation using the VenaSeal™ closure system – Ideal approach for deep seated or small below the knee refluxing truncal veins

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally SJ Chan ◽  
Tjun Y Tang ◽  
Tze T Chong ◽  
Edward C Choke ◽  
Hsien T Tay
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Closure System ◽  
Proximal Point ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Antegrade Puncture ◽  
Occlusion Rate

Objectives The VenaSeal™ closure system (Medtronic, Galway, Ireland) is a novel non-thermal, non-tumescent ablative device that induces endovenous closure by inducing fibrosis of the truncal superficial vein. The conventional IFU antegrade technique is straightforward except when the great saphenous vein is small at the planned access site below the knee, deep, or steeply traverses the fascia making passage of the introducer wire to the groin difficult. We describe our technique for retrograde great saphenous vein puncture, which mitigated these access problems and assessed the effectiveness and outcomes. Methods Fourteen patients (14 legs; 14 great saphenous vein) underwent VenaSeal™ ablation via a retrograde puncture, all for great saphenous vein incompetence; 10/14 (71.4%) had C4–C5 disease. Retrograde puncture introduces the VenaSeal™ catheter in a cranial-caudal manner, with the designated puncture site at the most proximal point of the great saphenous vein reflux. Patients were reviewed at 1 week, 3, 6 and 12-months post-procedure. Post-operative outcomes and complications were recorded, along with patient satisfaction. Results The most common reason for a retrograde puncture approach was the small great saphenous vein calibre below the knee, in 9/14 (64.3%) patients. There was 100% technical success, with no major complications from the procedure; 11/14 (78.6%) patients tolerated the procedure under local anaesthesia without any sedation. There was 100% Duplex-occlusion rate at 1 week, 3, 6 and 12-months post-procedure. Conclusion The retrograde puncture technique for the VenaSeal™ Closure system is safe and effective in ablating the great saphenous vein in patients who are not amendable to the conventional antegrade puncture approach. Patients tolerated this procedure without additional mean operative time and minimal complications. More extensive studies with longer follow-up periods are required to validate the long-term outcomes of this technique.

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