Behaviour of Factors II, VII, IX, and X during Long-Term Treatment with Coumarin

1963 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 074-089 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A Loeliger ◽  
B van der Esch ◽  
M. J Mattern ◽  
A. S. A den Brabander
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Separate Determination ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Warfarin Sodium ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryDuring long-term treatment with the long-acting coumarin derivative phenprocoumarol (marcoumar) no statistically significant difference in the depression of the activity of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X was found. The shorter-acting anticoagulants acenocoumarol (sintrom), warfarin sodium (coumadin), and dicoumarol, possibly lower factor IX somewhat less and factor X somewhat more than they do factors II and VII.A 2.5-fold prolongation of the “prothrombin” time (using Owren 5 s human brain thromboplastin) and the same prolongation of the thrombotest time appear to correspond with a depression of all four factors from 100% down to approximately 20’%, the normal standard being a mixed population with a mean age of 29 years.Separate determination of one of the four coagulation factors concerned is pointless; “prothrombin” time estimation, and more specifically thrombotest, still remain the most reliable methods for controlling the anti-vitamin K action of anticoagulants during long-term treatment.

scholarly journals Administration of ziprasidone for 10 days increases cocaine toxicity in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Heard ◽  
S Krier ◽  
NR Zahniser
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotic ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Survival ◽  
Cocaine Toxicity

Long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications alters the regional density of several of the neurotransmitter receptors that mediate cocaine toxicity. However, the effect of either up- or down-regulation of the neurotransmitter receptors on cocaine toxicity is unknown. In this study, we determined if subacute administration of the atypical antipsychotic ziprasidone altered the toxic effects of cocaine in mice. Ziprasidone (4 mg/kg) or placebo was administered to the first two groups of CF-1 mice for 10 days and, then on day 10, an estimated LD50 dose of cocaine (102 mg/kg) was given to these mice. In a third group, in order to produce a ziprasidone withdrawal state, we administered ziprasidone for 10 days, followed by no treatment for 2 days before cocaine administration. There was no significant difference among the three groups in overall survival: 63% in the treatment group, 60% in the withdrawal group, and 80% in the placebo group. Survival time was significantly shorter for the withdrawal group than for the control group. Our study may have been limited by lower than expected serum ziprasidone concentrations and lower than expected lethality from cocaine. However, our findings suggest that administration of an atypical antipsychotic for 10 days may increase the toxic effects of cocaine.

Adjusted Subcutaneous Heparin versus Warfarin Sodium in the Long-term Treatment of Venous Thrombosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
RUSSELL HULL ◽  
TERRY DELMORE ◽  
CEDRIC CARTER ◽  
JACK HIRSH ◽  
EDWARD GENTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Subcutaneous Heparin ◽  
Warfarin Sodium ◽  
Long Term Treatment

scholarly journals The voiding dysfunctions in patients with non-Hunner-type interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome do not affect long-term treatment outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ru Yu ◽  
Wei-Chuan Chang ◽  
Hann-Chorng Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Voiding Dysfunctions

Aims: The role of urodynamic studies in the diagnosis and prognosis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) remains controversial. We evaluated the correlation of baseline voiding dysfunctions with long-term treatment outcome in a large cohort of patients with IC/BPS. Methods: We studied 211 patients with nonulcerative IC/BPS. All patients underwent video urodynamic examination at baseline to identify their voiding conditions and they received subsequent treatments. The primary endpoint was the global response assessment (GRA) at the current interview. Secondary endpoints included O’Leary-Sant score (OSS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and the rate of IC symptom flare-up. Results: Mean patient age was 56.8 ± 12.8 years and mean IC symptom duration was 16.0 ± 9.9 years. At baseline, 83 (39.3%) patients had a voiding problem and 62.7% had one to three comorbidities. The duration, comorbidity, treatments, changes in OSS and VAS, maximum bladder capacity (MBC), glomerulations, GRA, and flare-up rate were not significantly different among the different voiding subtypes. When we divided the patients by their voiding conditions of normal (n = 32) and hypersensitive bladder with (n = 76) and without (n = 103) voiding dysfunctions, only MBC (P = 0.002) and glomerulation (P = 0.021) demonstrated a significant difference. When we analyzed subgroups by GRA, patients with a GRA ≥ 2 had a significantly shorter disease duration. There also were significant associations between GRA and the changes in OSS and VAS (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Voiding dysfunctions in patients with non-Hunner IC/BPS do not affect long-term treatment outcome.

Compared Incidence of First Myocardial Infarction in Hypertensive Patients under Treatment Containing Propranolol or excluding β-Receptor Blockade

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 509s-511s ◽  
Author(s):  
I. McD. G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Β Receptor

1. After some exclusions, 169 severe uncomplicated essential hypertensive patients presenting consecutively were divided into two groups according to their treatment. Of these, 121 had been given long-term treatment containing propranolol (PC group) and forty-eight had been treated with hypotensive agents excluding any β-receptor-blocker group, the non-β-receptor-blocker (NBB) group. 2. There were no significant differences in myocardial infarction risk factors between the two groups. 3. After a mean follow-up of 5·25 years, nine of the 121 subjects (7·5%) in the PC group had suffered first infarctions and fifteen of the forty-eight subjects (31%) in the NBB group, a significant difference (P < 0·01). 4. It was concluded that the presence of propranolol had prevented more or caused fewer infarctions, perhaps a combination of both, than had the older hypotensive agents unsupported by β-receptor blockade.

Long-term treatment for hyperphenylalaninemia and phenylketonuria: a risk for nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency?

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Procházková ◽  
Jiří Jarkovský ◽  
Zdena Haňková ◽  
Petra Konečná ◽  
Hana Benáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Vitamin

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the incidence of vitamin BThe group consisted of 51 PKU (n=29) and HPA (n=22) patients aged 3–48 years (28 children, 23 adults).A significant difference in serum folate levels was discovered between adult HPA patients and PKU patients (p=0.004, Mann-Whitney U-test). A significant difference in plasma homocysteine concentrations within the normal levels (p=0.032, χWe have proven that adult patients with PKU and HPA are at risk of vitamin B

scholarly journals Zinc Administration and Improved Serum Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2465
Author(s):  
Kei Moriya ◽  
Norihisa Nishimura ◽  
Tadashi Namisaki ◽  
Hiroaki Takaya ◽  
Yasuhiko Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Procollagen Type ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Molecularly Targeted Agents ◽  
Before And After

Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of long-term zinc supplementation, which is important for the activation of various enzymes that contribute to antioxidant and antifibrotic activities, on the improvement of serum fibrotic markers in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Methods: A total of 38 patients with AIH under regular treatment at our hospital who provided their consent for being treated with polaprezinc (75 mg twice daily) were included and classified into 2 groups: the patients with zinc elevation (n = 27) and the patients without zinc elevation (n = 11). Serum biomarker of fibrosis, protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and their inhibitors (TIMPs) were evaluated. Results: A significant difference was found between the variability of serum procollagen type Ⅲ and collagen type Ⅳ-7S between the 2 groups before and after zinc administration for more than 24 months (p = 0.043 and p = 0.049). In the patients with zinc elevation, no significant changes were found in collagenase (MMP-1 and MMP-13) before and after zinc administration, whereas a significant increase in the expression of gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) was found after administration (p = 0.021 and p = 0.005). As for the relative ratio of MMPs to TIMPs, only MMP-9 to TIMP-1 showed a significant increase (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Long-term treatment with polaprezinc has been demonstrated to safely improve serum fibrosis indices through increases in MMP-2/-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 and is expected to be well combined with direct antifibrotic therapies such as molecularly targeted agents.

scholarly journals Older community residents with depression: long-term treatment with sertraline

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. M. Wilson ◽  
P. G. Mottram ◽  
L. Ashworth ◽  
M. T. Abou-Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuation Maintenance

BackgroundDespite a growing use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in older people, only one trial has examined their prophylactic efficacy in people aged 65 years and over.AimsTo examine the efficacy of sertraline in preventing the recurrence of depression in older people living in the community.MethodParticipants were openly treated with sertraline and then randomised into a double-blind, placebo-controlled continuation/maintenance study of about 2 years duration. Drug dosage was maintained at levels that achieved remission.ResultsNo significant difference between the sertraline and placebo groups was found in the proportion of recurrences (–7.9%; 95% CI –28.06 to 12.23). Increased age and minor residual symptoms during the continuation phase were associated with recurrence.ConclusionsSertraline at therapeutic dosage does not provide significant protection against recurrence.

The Value of Capillary Thrombotest Method for the Control of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy

1962 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
L Poller ◽  
J. S Woolliff
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Quick Test ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dilution Curves

SummaryThe capillary form of the Thrombotest gives results similar to the venous Thrombotest technique in patients on long term phenindione and nicoumalone, and can be recommended as a reliable laboratory investigation.The Thrombotest range of 10—30% is a much less marked reduction of coagulability than the similar range with the Quick test. The difference in the results does not appear to be due to the sensitivity of Thrombotest to other additional coagulation factors, but simply because saline dilution curves are usually employed in the Quick test.The upper limit of the Thrombotest therapeutic range on the basis of our studies appears to be about 15%. The lower limit of safety assessed from comparison with the Quick test and by clinical experience in the control of long term treatment appears to be in the region of 5%.

Efficacy of adjunctive aripiprazole to lithium or valproate in the long-term treatment of mania in subjects with bipolar i disorder (CN138–189)

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 186-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abbar ◽  
A. Khan ◽  
L. Rollin ◽  
R. Sanchez ◽  
W. Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Sustained Remission ◽  
Mood Stabiliser ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time To Relapse

ObjectivesTo evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of adjunctive aripiprazole (ARI) to lithium (LI) or valproate (VAL) in delaying time to relapse in bipolar I disorder.MethodsBipolar I disorder subjects with a current manic or mixed episode received LI or VAL for at least 2 weeks; inadequate responders (YMRS score ≥ 16 and ≤35% decrease from baseline at 2 weeks) received adjunctive ARI. Subjects maintaining mood stability (YMRS and MADRS ≤ 12 for 12 consecutive weeks) were randomised 1:1 to double-blind ARI (10 to 30 mg/day) or placebo (PBO) plus LI or VAL. Relapse was monitored up to 52 weeks.Results337 subjects were randomised to continuation of mood stabiliser plus adjunctive ARI or PBO; 61.3% and 52.7%, respectively, completed the study. Adjunctive ARI significantly delayed the time to any relapse, hazard ratio = 0.544 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.89, log-rank p = 0.014). Overall relapse rates at 52 weeks were 14.9% and 25.4% in ARI vs PBO subjects. A superior reduction in CGI-BP Mania Severity of Illness from baseline at 52 weeks was also observed (0.3 vs. 0.0, respectively, p = 0.01). Adverse events generally were as expected per known drug and illness profiles with no significant difference in mean change in body weight between adjunctive PBO (0.60 kg) and adjunctive ARI (1.07 kg) (p = 0.49 Week 52, LOCF).ConclusionContinuation of aripiprazole treatment increased time to relapse to any mood episode compared with placebo plus LI/VAL over 1 year, indicating a long-term benefit in continuing adjunctive aripiprazole to a mood stabiliser after sustained remission is achieved.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial of oral clodronate in patients with bone metastases.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
N O'Rourke ◽  
E McCloskey ◽  
F Houghton ◽  
H Huss ◽  
J A Kanis
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Clodronate

PURPOSE Despite evidence that clodronate inhibits tumor-induced osteolysis, no studies have directly assessed the optimal dose for long-term treatment. The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the safety and efficacy of different doses of clodronate in affected patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-four patients with tumor-induced osteolysis were randomized to receive treatment with placebo, or 400 mg, 1,600 mg, or 3,200 mg of clodronate, daily for 4 weeks. Patients were reviewed weekly during treatment. Fasting urinary calcium excretion was the primary variable used to assess response. Visual analog pain scores and adverse events were documented. RESULTS In the clodronate-treated groups, there was a dose-dependent reduction in fasting calcium excretion with a highly significant difference between placebo and 1,600 mg clodronate (P = .0002) and placebo and 3,200 mg clodronate (P = .0001), but no significant difference between 1,600 mg and 3,200 mg clodronate. There was no discernible change in pain scores or analgesic requirements. Bone-derived isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase values increased in all groups, with a significant difference between baseline and final values in the 1,600-mg and 3,200-mg groups (P < .01 and P = .03, respectively). Adverse events were distributed evenly across the four treatment groups. Compliance was greater than 99% in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION Oral clodronate at a dose of 1,600 mg or 3,200 mg will inhibit bone resorption. Since there was no significant difference between these two doses in terms of efficacy at 4 weeks, 1,600 mg/d can be recommended for long-term treatment. This dose is well tolerated and may promote bone repair, as judged by increases in bone alkaline phosphatase levels.

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