Antithrombin III Activity and Concentration in Diabetes Mellitus

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 415-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Patrassi ◽  
R Picchinenna ◽  
R Vettor ◽  
G Cappellato ◽  
D Coccarielli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity

SummaryAntithrombin III (AT III) levels have been reported to be low, normal, and high in diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, a dicrepancy between AT III activity and antigen concentration was reported. We have evaluated the behaviour of AT III activity and antigen level both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, either in uncontrolled or in well controlled patients. AT III activity and antigen levels showed values similar to normal. No difference was seen between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Similar results were observed in the group of well controlled diabetic patients. AT III activity and antigen did not correlate with blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1). No difference was observed between AT III activity and antigen levels in any group. Therefore the hypercoagulable state found in diabetes mellitus does not depend on AT III modifications. A discrepancy between AT III activity and antigen was not confirmed. A dysantithrombinaemia, explained on the basis of an inactivation of protein glycosylation in diabetes mellitus has not been confirmed.

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Dagogo-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Risk Of Death

The long-term complications of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy can result in loss of vision; nephropathy may lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); and neuropathy poses the risk of foot ulcers, amputation, Charcot joints, sexual dysfunction, and potentially disabling dysfunction of the stomach, bowel, and bladder. Hyperglycemia sufficient to cause pathologic and functional changes in target tissues may be present for some time before clinical symptoms lead to a diagnosis of diabetes, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients are also at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease. These conditions may be related to hyperglycemia, as well as to the hypertension and abnormal lipoprotein profiles that are often found in diabetic patients. Prevention of these complications is a major goal of current therapeutic policy and recommendations for all but transient forms of diabetes. This chapter describes the pathogenesis, screening, prevention, and treatment of diabetic complications, as well as the management of hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient. Figures illustrate the pathways that link high blood glucose levels to microvascular and macrovascular complications; fundus abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy; the natural history of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes; cumulative incidence of first cardiovascular events, stroke, or death from cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes; the effect of intensive glycemic therapy on the risk of myocardial infarction, major cardiovascular event, or cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes; and risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes who receive intensive therapy of multiple risk factors or conventional therapy. Tables describe screening schedules for diabetic complications in adults, foot care recommendations for patients with diabetes, and comparison of major trials of intensive glucose control. This chapter has 238 references.

Relationship between Serum Butyrylcholinesterase Activity, Hypertriglyceridaemia and Insulin Sensitivity in Diabetes Mellitus

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Abbott ◽  
M. I. MacKness ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. O. Olukoga ◽  
C. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Triacylglycerol Concentration ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity

1. The activity of serum butyrylcholinesterase (‘pseudocholinesterase’, EC3.1.1.8) was investigated in 56 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 51 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 101 healthy control subjects. 2. Butyrylcholinesterase activity was significantly elevated in both type 1 (8.10 ± 3.35 units/ml) and type 2 (7.22 ± 1.95 units/ml) diabetes compared with the control subjects (4.23 ± 1.89 units/ml) (P <0.001). 3. In the patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, serum butyrylcholinesterase activity was correlated with log serum fasting triacylglycerol concentration (r = 0.41 and r = 0.43, respectively, P <0.001). In the type 2 population serum butyrylcholinesterase activity was also correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = −0.51, P <0.001). 4. Serum butyrylcholinesterase activity was unrelated to age, gender, serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity, body mass index, or treatment for diabetes in both the diabetic populations. 5. In 37 non-diabetic patients with butyrylcholinesterase deficiency serum triacylglycerol levels were in the normal range. 6. These results are consistent with the view that butyrylcholinesterase may have a role in the altered lipoprotein metabolism in hypertriglyceridaemia associated with insulin insensitivity or insulin deficiency in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Evaluating LA Volumes and Functions in Diabetic Normotensive Patients without Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hamza ◽  
Ahmed Mamdouh ◽  
Dina Ezzeldin ◽  
Adnan Tawfik ◽  
Ahmed Nayel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography

Background. Cardiovascular complications are the most serious threat to diabetic patients. Associated metabolic and microvascular changes are the main cause of cardiac function affection, and the earliest cardiac change is diastolic dysfunction. Assessment of LA function changes is a key to determine early heart damage of diabetic patients. Objectives. To evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on left atrial volumes and functions by using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography in normotensive patients free from cardiovascular disease. Methods. The study included 110 individuals, 50 controls and 60 patients with diabetes mellitus, 30 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2-dimensional echocardiography was used to assess the LA maximum volume and LA phasic volumes, and LA maximum volume indexed to body surface area were measured by 3D echocardiography. LA functions (LA total stroke volume, LA active stroke volume, and LA active emptying fraction) were obtained from RT3D volumetric analysis. Results. The results of the analysis revealed that type 2 diabetes mellitus showed enlarged Vmax, Vmin, and LAVi with an increased LA total stroke volume and decreased active emptying fraction, while type 1 diabetics showed only decreased in active emptying fraction. The LA maximum volume indexed to body surface area (LAVi) was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to normal controls which was 23.55±3.37 ml/m2 versus 20.30. Conclusion. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased LA volume with impaired compliance and contractility, while patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have only impaired contractility compared to nondiabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus: effect of sex, age and type of diabetes in a nationwide analysis

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Fauchier ◽  
A Bisson ◽  
G Fauchier ◽  
A Bodin ◽  
J Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
History Of

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background. There remain uncertainties regarding diabetes mellitus and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), in relation to type of diabetes, and the interactions with sex and age. We investigated whether diabetes confers higher relative rates of AF in women compared to men, and whether these sex-differences depend on type of diabetes and age. Methods. All patients aged &gt; =18 seen in French hospitals in 2013 with at least 5 years of follow-up without a history of AF were identified and categorized by their diabetes status. We calculated overall and age-dependent incidence rates, hazard ratios, and women-to-men ratios for incidence of AF in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (compared to no diabetes). Results. In 2,921,407 patients with no history of AF (55% women), 45,389 had prevalent type 1 diabetes and 345,499 had prevalent type 2 diabetes. During 13.5 million person-years of follow-up, 327,012 patients with new-onset AF were identified. The incidence rates (IRs) of AF were higher in type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetics, and increased with advancing age. Among individuals with diabetes, the absolute rate of AF was higher in men than in women. When comparing individuals with and without diabetes, women had a higher adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of AF than men: adjusted HR 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.27-1.37) in women vs. 1.12(1.08-1.16) in men for type 1 diabetes, adjusted HR 1.17(1.16-1.19) in women vs. 1.10(1.09-1.12) in men for type 2 diabetes.  The adjusted HRs for women were significantly higher than the adjusted HRs for men as shown with the adjusted women-to-men ratios (adjusted WMR = adjusted HR women compared to adjusted HR men) = 1.18 (95%CI 1.12-1.24) for type 1 diabetes and 1.10 (95%CI 1.08-1.12) for type 2 diabetes. This phenomenon was seen across all ages in men and women with type 1 diabetes and progressively decreased with advancing age.  In type 2 diabetes, this phenomenon was seen after 50 years, increased until 60-65 years and then progressively decreased with advancing age. Conclusion. Although men have higher absolute rates for incidence of AF, the relative rates of incident AF associated with diabetes are higher in women than in men for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

The Role of Antithrombin III in the Pathogenesis of the Thrombotic Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052
Author(s):  
Iris Bararu-Bojan ◽  
Maria Cristina Vladeanu (Apavaloaie) ◽  
Andrei Bojan ◽  
Paul-Dan Sirbu ◽  
Manuela Ciocoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetes mellitus is one of the costliest chronic pathology worldwide with a continuous rising incidence. Diabetes mellitus is linked to frequent cardiovascular events. It is associated with vascular events, especially when the glycated hemoglobin has elevated values. Diabetic patients seem to develop abnormalities of the haemostatic process, such as alterations of the thrombocytic function, modifications of the coagulation and of the fibrinolysis that lead to a thrombophillic status. The acquired thrombophilia present in diabetic patients may be due to the non-enzymatic glycosilation of clotting inhibitors such as antithrombine. Antithrombin III has both an anticoagulant and an antiinflammatory effect. The anticoagulant effect appears after acting upon endothelial heparan sulfate or on the molecule of heparine, thus leading to an inhibition of thrombin. A decrease in antithrombin III levels may lead to a diminished neutralisation of thrombin and a lower activity of proteins C and S, thus inducing procoagulant consequences and increasing the susceptibility for thrombotic events. Our research tried to establish whether the levels of antithrombin III in type 2 diabetic patiens are modified, thus creating a predisposition for thrombotic events. Therefore we conducted an observational study on a sample composed of 60 patients having a diagnostic of type 2 diabetes associated with coronary artery disease, controlled with diet or with oral antidiabetics and we evaluated the levels of antithrombin III in function of the metabolic, inflammatory and coronarographic parameters. Our research showed that even though all patients were characterized by the diabetic dyslipidemia, there was no statistic relationship between antithrombin III and the lipidic fractions. As a result we cannot say that the adverse cardiac events seen in type 2 diabetic patients are influenced by the levels of antithrombin III, as a marker of an increased clotting activity.

scholarly journals Assessment of plasma insulin, c-peptide, and blood pressure parameters of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1635-1638
Author(s):  
Friday K. Iweka ◽  
Godwin R.A. Okogun ◽  
Ebenezer O. Dic-Ijiewere ◽  
Lawrence F. Dada ◽  
Iredia K. Akhuemokhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Regardless of the type of diabetes mellitus, there is always a Beta-cell dysfunction leading to absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes mellitus or associated with insulin resistance in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A total of 267 subjects consisting of 164 diabetic patients and 103 non-diabetic apparently healthy individuals were analysed. The plasma insulin and c-peptides levels were determined using enzyme link immunosorbent assay, while plasma glucose level was determined using standard spectrophotometric method. Results: The biochemical results showed that the mean plasma glucose of Type 1 diabetes (213.65±20.35) and Type 2 diabetes (218.78+7.85) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of non-diabetic control (81.88±17.22) mg/dl; the mean plasma glucose and the systolic reading of the Diabetes Mellitus with Nephropathy, hypertension, coronary artery disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy patients were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control subjects. Among diabetic hypertensive patients mean insulin and c-peptide levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower, while the mean insulin level was insignificantly (p>0.05) lower in diabetic patients with neuropathy or coronary artery disease. No significant (p>0.05) differences was observed in the mean plasma c-peptide level, and diastolic reading of diabetic patient with neuropathy. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the mean plasma c-peptide level, systolic and diastolic readings of Diabetic patients with coronary heart disease or retinopathy. Conclusion: There were significant differences in the blood pressure parameters in both the diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications in this study.  

scholarly journals Sex, age, type of diabetes and incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus: a nationwide analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Bisson ◽  
Alexandre Bodin ◽  
Grégoire Fauchier ◽  
Julien Herbert ◽  
Denis Angoulvant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background There remain uncertainties regarding diabetes mellitus and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), in relation to type of diabetes, and the interactions with sex and age. We investigated whether diabetes confers higher relative rates of AF in women compared to men, and whether these sex-differences depend on type of diabetes and age. Methods All patients aged ≥ 18 seen in French hospitals in 2013 with at least 5 years of follow-up without a history of AF were identified and categorized by their diabetes status. We calculated overall and age-dependent incidence rates, hazard ratios, and women-to-men ratios for incidence of AF in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (compared to no diabetes). Results In 2,921,407 patients with no history of AF (55% women), 45,389 had prevalent type 1 diabetes and 345,499 had prevalent type 2 diabetes. The incidence rates (IRs) of AF were higher in type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetics, and increased with advancing age. Among individuals with diabetes, the absolute rate of AF was higher in men than in women. When comparing individuals with and without diabetes, women had a higher adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of AF than men: adjusted HR 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.27–1.37) in women vs. 1.12(1.08–1.16) in men for type 1 diabetes, adjusted HR 1.17(1.16–1.19) in women vs. 1.10(1.09–1.12) in men for type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Although men have higher absolute rates for incidence of AF, the relative rates of incident AF associated with diabetes are higher in women than in men for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Association of Major Dietary Patterns with General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Ghane Basiri ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Mahmood Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ◽  
Neda Noorshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽  
Pardeep Agarwal ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Ramkishan Jat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

Lack of Evidence Linking Infant Feeding Regimen and Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 237A-237A
Author(s):  
Robin S. Feldman ◽  
Michael Falk ◽  
Kathy A. Grako ◽  
Dawn A. Groenke ◽  
Allison Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Regimen
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