Orbital paraganglioma in a dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Taeymans ◽  
Paola Monti ◽  
Emma Scurrell ◽  
Lina Eddicks ◽  
Kaspar Matiasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fine Needle Aspirate ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Orbital Mass ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Extradural Neoplasm ◽  
Extra Adrenal Paraganglioma

SummaryA 10-year-old Rottweiler presented with right-sided moderately painful exophthalmia, blindness, absence of dazzle and pupillary light reflexes, a swollen optic nerve head and ventrolateral indentation of the globe. On magnetic resonance imaging, a 3 x 2 x 2 cm mass with a fluid filled center and contrast-enhancing periphery was noted posteriolateral of the globe. Orbital ultrasound was used for a guided fine needle aspirate of the mass. Cytology revealed moderate numbers of polygonal cells with lightly basophilic cytoplasm. Several cells showed nuclear pseudoinclusions. Histopathology following exenteration of the orbit revealed an infiltrative, extradural neoplasm surrounding the optic nerve. Cells were arranged in packets. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin A and immunonegative for cytokeratin. Findings were consistent with an extra-adrenal paraganglioma (neuroendocrine tumour). Although complete excision could not be confirmed on histopathology, the owners reported no apparent tumour recurrence 25 months after surgery. In conclusion a paraganglioma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of an orbital mass.

scholarly journals Huge Cavernous Hemangiomas Enveloping the Optic Nerve Successfully Removed by a Vertical Lid Split Orbitotomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Yum ◽  
Yoon-Duck Kim ◽  
Jung Hye Lee ◽  
Kyung In Woo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Orbital Mass ◽  
Cavernous Hemangiomas ◽  
History Of

A 63-year-old woman presented with a 15-year history of gradually increasing proptosis of right eye. Ocular examination revealed proptosis of 9 mm with decreased visual acuity in her right eye. CT scan showed a well-circumscribed and enhancing orbital mass filling almost the entire right orbit. The tumor occupied the superolateral, superomedial, and inferomedial intraconal space, enveloping the optic nerve. Complete excision of two large intraconal tumors was performed successfully via a vertical lid split orbitotomy. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The patient achieved a satisfactory cosmetic outcome 1 year after surgery.

scholarly journals A First Case Report of Orbital Extra-Adrenal Paraganglioma in Cat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Leonardo Leonardi ◽  
Raluca Ioana Rizac ◽  
Ilaria Pettinari ◽  
Luca Mechelli ◽  
Carlo De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extra Adrenal Paraganglioma

Paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm originating from paraganglia and consisting of neuroendocrine cells of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Extra-adrenal paraganglioma occurs with a low incidence in both humans and animals. This report presents the first case of paraganglioma in a cat with orbital primary location. An 18-year-old spayed female European domestic shorthair cat of 3.60 kg body weight was evaluated in a private veterinary clinic in Perugia, Italy, for a pronounced exophthalmos of the right eye. The cat underwent surgery for the enucleation of the right eye and of the mass. The biopsy samples of the removed tissue were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Therefore, specific markers were used for immunohistochemical investigations, such as anti-neuron specific enolase (NSE), anti-synaptophysin, anti-glial fibrillary acid protein, anti-cytokeratin and anti-chromogranin. The results of these investigations allowed establishing the final diagnosis of ocular extra-adrenal paraganglioma of the cat.

scholarly journals Migraine or idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Magnetic resonance venography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Aynur Guliyeva ◽  
Melda Apaydin ◽  
Yesim Beckmann ◽  
Gulten Sezgin ◽  
Fazil Gelal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nerve Sheath

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease characterised by increased cerebral pressure without a mass or hydrocephalus. We aimed to differentiate migraine and IIH patients based on imaging findings. Results Patients with IIH ( n = 32), migraine patients ( n = 34) and control subjects ( n = 33) were evaluated. Routine magnetic resonance imaging, contrast-enhanced 3D magnetic resonance venography and/or T1-weighted 3D gradient-recalled echo were taken with a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner. Optic-nerve sheath distention, flattened posterior globe and the height of the pituitary gland were evaluated in the three groups. Transverse sinuses (TS) were evaluated with respect to score of attenuation/stenosis and distribution. Pearson chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and chi-square trend statistical analyses were used for comparisons between the groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Decreased pituitary gland height, optic-nerve sheath distention and flattened posterior globe were found to be statistically significant ( p < 0.001) in IIH patients. Bilateral TS stenosis was also more common in IIH patients than in the control group and migraine group ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Decreased pituitary gland height, optic-nerve sheath distention, flattened posterior globe, bilateral stenosis and discontinuity in TS are significant findings in differentiating IIH cases from healthy individuals and migraine patients. Bilateral TS stenosis may be the cause rather than the result of increased intracranial pressure. The increase in intracranial pressure, which is considered to be responsible for the pathophysiology of IIH, is not involved in the pathophysiology of migraine.

Manganese transport in the rat optic nerve evaluated with spatial- and time-resolved magnetic resonance imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Olsen ◽  
Anders Kristoffersen ◽  
Marte Thuen ◽  
Axel Sandvig ◽  
Christian Brekken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Manganese Transport

The predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging of retinoblastoma for the likelihood of high-risk pathologic features

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila G Hiasat ◽  
Alaa Saleh ◽  
Maysa Al-Hussaini ◽  
Ibrahim Al Nawaiseh ◽  
Mustafa Mehyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cut Edge ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Nerve Invasion ◽  
Choroidal Invasion

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging in retinoblastoma for the likelihood of high-risk pathologic features. Methods: A retrospective study of 64 eyes enucleated from 60 retinoblastoma patients. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed before enucleation. Main outcome measures included demographics, laterality, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting high-risk pathologic features. Results: Optic nerve invasion and choroidal invasion were seen microscopically in 34 (53%) and 28 (44%) eyes, respectively, while they were detected in magnetic resonance imaging in 22 (34%) and 15 (23%) eyes, respectively. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting prelaminar invasion was 77% (sensitivity 89%, specificity 98%), 56% for laminar invasion (sensitivity 27%, specificity 94%), 84% for postlaminar invasion (sensitivity 42%, specificity 98%), and 100% for optic cut edge invasion (sensitivity100%, specificity 100%). The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting focal choroidal invasion was 48% (sensitivity 33%, specificity 97%), and 84% for massive choroidal invasion (sensitivity 53%, specificity 98%), and the accuracy in detecting extrascleral extension was 96% (sensitivity 67%, specificity 98%). Conclusions and relevance: Magnetic resonance imaging should not be the only method to stratify patients at high risk from those who are not, eventhough it can predict with high accuracy extensive postlaminar optic nerve invasion, massive choroidal invasion, and extrascleral tumor extension.

Optic nerve size assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and visual acuity in optic nerve hypoplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. e45
Author(s):  
Samantha D. Sagaser ◽  
John C. Benson ◽  
Laurence J. Eckel ◽  
Sasha A. Mansukhani ◽  
Launia White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals Agreement Between Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Measuring Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Haider N. Al-Tameemi ◽  
Neda M. Helel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ct And Mri

BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging is increasingly used as a non-invasive method to assess raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to correlate well with invasively measured ICP, however little research has been conducted on the ONSD measurement using computerized tomography (CT) in correlation with ICP. This study was done to investigate whether CT scan can reliably replace MRI in measuring ONSD.METHOD: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 50 adult patients (29 females and 21 males), who underwent both CT and MRI of the brain along 10-month period. Using the brain axial section, the transverse ONSD was measured at 3 mm behind the globe in both modalities. Agreement between CT and MRI readings was assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC) and Kappa method.RESULTS: There was a strongly positive and statistically significant correlation between ONSD measurement using CT scan and MRI (p value <0.001). There was almost perfect agreement between CT scan and MRI in measuring ONSD (ICC=0.987 and Kappa =0.837). Similar agreement was obtained when cases stratified into normal (≤ 5mm) and thickened (> 5mm) ONSD (ICC=0.947 and 0.972 respectively).CONCLUSION: CT scan is a reliable substitute for MRI in measuring ONSD with almost perfect agreement between the two modalities. It might be good practice to include ONSD measurement in the initial evaluation of brain CT scan in any patient with suspected raised ICP.

scholarly journals Optic nerve sheath diameter as a predictor of acute cerebellar infarction in acute vertigo patients without brain computed tomography abnormalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Myoung Sun You ◽  
Sun Hwa Lee ◽  
Seong Jong Yun ◽  
Seokyong Ryu ◽  
Seung Woon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Cerebellar Infarction ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Acute Infarction ◽  
Nerve Sheath

Background and objectives: To date, no study has investigated the ability of optic nerve sheath diameter calculated from non-contrast brain computed tomography to predict acute cerebellar infarction in patients with acute vertigo. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive utility of optic nerve sheath diameter for diagnosing acute cerebellar infarction in patients with acute vertigo without computed tomography abnormalities. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with acute vertigo without computed tomography abnormalities who underwent magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging at our emergency department between January 2016 and December 2017. Two emergency physicians independently measured optic nerve sheath diameter at 3 mm (ONSD3) and 10 mm (ONSD10) behind the globe in each patient. Final magnetic resonance imaging reports with clinical progress notes were used as the reference standard. A multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate predictive value. Results: A total of 34 patients (16.1%) were diagnosed with acute infarction and 177 patients (83.9%) were diagnosed with peripheral vertigo. Mean ONSD3 ( p < 0.001) and ONSD10 ( p < 0.001) were independent predictive factors for distinguishing acute infarction and peripheral vertigo. ONSD3 (cut-off = 4.22 mm) had 100% (95% confidence interval = 89.7–100.0) sensitivity and 97.7% (95% confidence interval = 95.1–99.6) specificity with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.988 (95% confidence interval = 0.978–1.0), while ONSD10 (cut-off = 3.63 mm) had 100% (95% confidence interval = 89.7–100.0) sensitivity and 87.6% (95% confidence interval = 81.8–92.0) specificity with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.976 (95% confidence interval = 0.959–0.997). There were good inter- and intra-observer agreements for both sides of ONSD3 and ONSD10 (intra-class correlation coefficient range = 0.652–0.773). Conclusion: Optic nerve sheath diameter, in particular OSND3, is a feasible predictive marker for acute infarction in patients with acute vertigo without computed tomography abnormalities. This information can assist decision-making in ordering brain magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of acute vertigo.

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