nerve invasion
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eLife ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Taïb ◽  
Noël Lamandé ◽  
Sabrina Martin ◽  
Fanny Coulpier ◽  
Piotr Topilko ◽  
...  

Peripheral nerves are vascularized by a dense network of blood vessels to guarantee their complex function. Despite the crucial role of vascularization to ensure nerve homeostasis and regeneration, the mechanisms governing nerve invasion by blood vessels remain poorly understood. We found, in mice, that the sciatic nerve invasion by blood vessels begins around embryonic day 16 and continues until birth. Interestingly, intra-nervous blood vessel density significantly decreases during post-natal period, starting from P10. We show that, while the axon guidance molecule Netrin-1 promotes nerve invasion by blood vessels via the endothelial receptor UNC5B during embryogenesis, myelinated Schwann cells negatively control intra-nervous vascularization during postnatal period.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongkun Ping ◽  
Nianhui Yu ◽  
Guang Tan ◽  
Lipeng Yang ◽  
Jiaqi Yu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: To compare imaging features and analyze prognostic differences among different groups with pancreatic head cancer invading the peripheral nerve plexus. Methods: We reviewed preoperative multislice spiral CT (MSCT) images, complete surgical records, and postoperative pathological results of 93 patients with pancreatic head cancer and peripheral nerve invasion. Two radiologists who were unaware of surgical and pathological results evaluated the MSCT images to determine peripheral nerve invasion of pancreatic head cancer. A pathologist who was unaware of the imaging findings grouped the patients based on surgical records and pathological findings. Pancreatic head cancer invasion of the anterior neural pathway was assigned to group A and invasion of pancreatic plexus 1, pancreatic plexus 2, and root of the mesenteric pathway to group B. Both groups were evaluated for peripheral nerve invasion, tumor size, dilatation of the common bile duct/main pancreatic duct, duodenal invasion, and prognosis of pancreatic head cancer.Results: A mass- and strand-like pattern or coarse reticular pattern was frequently observed when two groups of pancreatic head cancer invaded the peripheral nerve plexus. Intergroup differences in tumor size and common bile duct/main pancreatic duct dilatation were insignificant. The duodenal invasion rate was higher in group A than in group B; however, the intergroup difference was insignificant. The prognosis was poorer for group A than for group B.Conclusions: Although the intergroup differences in radiographic findings were not significant, the prognosis was poorer for group A than for group B.


Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Li ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Xiaolin Xu ◽  
Wenbin Wei ◽  
Junfang Xian

Objectives: To develop an MRI-based radiomics model to predict postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) in retinoblastoma (RB) and compare its predictive performance with subjective radiologists’ assessment. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 124 patients with pathologically proven RB (90 in training set and 34 in validation set) who had MRI scans before surgery. A radiomics model for predicting PLONI was developed by extracting quantitative imaging features from axial T2-weighted images and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images in the training set. The Kruskal-Wallis test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and recursive feature elimination were used for feature selection, whereupon a radiomics model was built with a logistic regression (LR) classifier. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the accuracy were assessed to evaluate the predictive performance in the training and validation set. The performance of the radiomics model was compared to radiologists’ assessment by DeLong test. Results: The AUC of the radiomics model for the prediction of PLONI was 0.928 in the training set and 0.841 in the validation set. Radiomics model produced better sensitivity than radiologists’ assessment (81.1% vs  43.2% in training set, 82.4vs 52.9% in validation set). In all 124 patients, the AUC of the radiomics model was 0.897, while that of radiologists’ assessment was 0.674 (p < 0.001, DeLong test). Conclusion: MRI-based radiomics model to predict PLONI in RB patients was shown to be superior to visual assessment with improved sensitivity and AUC, may serve as a potential tool to guide personalized treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohao Zheng ◽  
Yunzi Wu ◽  
Li Zheng ◽  
Liyan Xue ◽  
Zhichao Jiang ◽  
...  

The association between the risk factors and long-term prognosis in patients with stage II gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy has been fully revealed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the independent risk factors for treatment failure in stage II gastric cancer. Demographic, clinical, and pathological information of 247 stage II gastric cancer patients who underwent radical D2 gastrectomy in our department between January 2011 and December 2014 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between and long-term clinical outcomes of stage II gastric cancer was analyzed using t-tests, chi-square tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, time-dependent ROC analysis, K–M curves, and a Cox regression model. The median follow-up of 247 stage II gastric cancer patients was 5.49 years (range: 0.12–8.62 years). The Kaplan–Meier estimated 3-year and 5-year DSS rates of the study group were 92.7% (95% CI 89.4–95.9) and 88.7% (95% CI 84.7–92.7), respectively. Higher age (&gt;70 vs. ≤70, log-rank p = 0.0406), nerve invasion (positive vs. negative, log-rank p = 0.0133), and non-distal gastrectomy (distal partial gastrectomy vs. other surgical methods, log-rank p = 0.00235) had worse prognoses compared to controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses of disease-specific survival showed that these three factors were independent prognostic factors for patients with stage II disease. The area under time-dependent ROC curve (AUC) is 0.748 of 5-year survival and c-index is 0.696 based on the three-marker model drawn for stage II patients. Subgroup analyses showed an interaction between tumor location and nerve invasion. The age, perineural invasion, and surgical approach are independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival after radical gastrectomy. Tumor location may be an important confounding factor for outcomes by affecting surgical methods and the hazards of nerve invasion.


Oral Oncology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Chiu Ho Quentin Mak ◽  
Chrysostomos Tornari ◽  
Noah Evans Harding ◽  
Daria Andreeva ◽  
Iain James Nixon ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhui Jiang ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Chunjie Xu ◽  
Yanying Shen ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore the pathological characteristics of lymph nodes around inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer and its risk factors and its impact on tumor staging. Methods 485 rectal cancer patients underwent proctectomy surgery were collected in this study. Clinical features of patients, including gender, age, BMI, tumor size, pathological type, differentiation, nerve invasion, lymph nodes, tumor marker, and pathological examinations, were analyzed. Results A total of 485 cases were included in this study. There were 29 cases with IMA-LN metastasis; the metastasis rate was 5.98% (29/485). Positive IMA-LNs were associated with distance from anal verge, CEA, pathological type, differentiation, nerve invasion, T stage, and N stage. Multivariate analysis showed that distance from anal verge, CEA level, differentiation, and T stage were independent risk factors for positive IMA-LNs. Conclusion Distance from anal verge, CEA level, differentiation, and T stage were independent risk factors for positive IMA-LNs. No skip metastasis occurred in IMA-LNs. We should choose the appropriate surgical methods to achieve better oncological results and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zezheng Wang ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Yumei Pu ◽  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Zitong Lin ◽  
...  

Abstract Background For patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), accurate evaluation of mandible invasion and resection with appropriate boundaries are important for preserving the structure and function of the mandible and preventing local recurrence. Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which has high spatial resolution, is now widely used in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial bone lesions, no studies have systematically evaluated the accuracy of CBCT for evaluating the presence of bone invasion, the boundaries of bone invasion and the presence of nerve invasion. Therefore, this study aimed to systemically explore the accuracy of CBCT in the preoperative assessment of mandibular invasion by OSCC. Methods Thirty mandibular specimens from OSCC patients were collected in this study. The samples were marked and subjected to CBCT examination. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was used for histopathological assessment sed as the gold standard. The evaluation included the presence of bone invasion, the boundaries of bone invasion and the presence of nerve invasion. The CBCT and histopathological boundaries of bone invasion were delineated and merged to compare and calculate the deviation of CBCT in boundary evaluation. Results The accuracy of CBCT in evaluating the presence of mandible invasion was 100%, and the accuracy of CBCT in evaluating the presence of nerve invasion was 69.2%. A mean deviation of 2.97 mm was found for assessment of the boundary of bone invasion using CBCT compared with the histopathological standard. The interexaminer agreement and intraexaminer agreement were perfect for the detection of bone invasion and nerve invasion (κ > 0.8). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.923 for the consistency test of boundary delineation on CBCT images. Conclusion CBCT is quite reliable in determining the presence or absence of mandible invasion but not as reliable for nerve invasion. The deviation in bone invasion boundary estimation should be considered in osteotomy for OSCC.


2021 ◽  
pp. 20200603
Author(s):  
Nobukata Kazawa ◽  
Yuta Shibamoto ◽  
Yasujirou Hirose ◽  
Yoriko Yamashita

Objectives: Salivary duct carcinoma is an aggressive tumour commonly showing local invasion and/or nerve palsy. However, their CT/MRI findings, especially, regarding T2WI, and the diffusion-weighted-image (DWI), were not well known. In this study, we correlated the CT/MRI appearance and the pathological findings containing the nerve invasion cases such as a facial nerve. Methods: We reviewed 14 cases of SDC (parotid = 11, submandibular = 2, minor salivary gland = 1) pathologically proven peripheral nerve involvement. Their CT findings of all patient including dynamic contrast-enhancement study、MRI (n = 9) and DWI (n = 6) were also analyzed with histopathological correlation. Results: On contrast-enhanced CT, the solid component was moderately enhanced. On MRI, T2WI central low signal core (n = 6) with peripheral high intensity rim (n = 5) was frequently observed except heterogeneous low and high (n = 1), diffuse low (n = 1), and high (n = 1) signal cases. The hyaline degenerative area located in the tumour core was poorly enhanced. Eleven tumours had an ill-defined margin, reflecting invasive tumour growth. On DWI, they showed high signal [the central low and peripherally high (n = 4), and diffuse (n = 1), heterogeneously high signal (n = 1)]. The mean ADC value was 1.148 ~ 0.961 x 10–3 mm2/s. With pathological correlation, the central low signal area on T2WI reflected hyaline degeneration. The sites of gross nerve involvement were revealed as tubular or branching structures on CE-CT (n = 3), and MRI (n = 1). Conclusions: (1) We frequently observed a central low signal area on T2WI/DWI in SDC. With histopathological correlation, it corresponded to the central hyaline degeneration with the peripheral viable tumour. 2) The gross nerve involvement might be detected as a strongly enhancement structure.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shi ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Mengyan Li ◽  
Gulinaer Abulajiang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Aim: We mainly investigated the relationship between the expression of SOX17, MACC1 and c-Met in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the clinicopathological parameters of the patients and the effect on prognosis.Methods:Expressions of SOX17, MACC1 and c-Met protein in a sample of 232 ESCC and adjacent nontumorous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Their relationships and correlations with clinicopathological features and clinical prognosis were analyzed by SPSS 23.0.Results:SOX17 was associated with Vascular invasion (p=0.017) and Nerve invasion (p=0.014). MACC1 was correlated with Tumor size (p=0.039) and TNM stage (p=0.020).c-Met was significantly associated with hematogenous metastasis (p=0.045). The expression of MACC1 was correlated with c-Met (P<0.001). c-Met expression(p=0.021) were associated with OS. Conclusion: SOX17, MACC1 and c-Met may be new diagnostic targets for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. c-Met may be a new therapeutic and prognostic target.


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