The Effect of Minocycline on Fat Graft Survival and Apoptotic Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 096-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kırdar Güney ◽  
Bora Özel ◽  
Cemile Seymen ◽  
Çiğdem Elmas ◽  
Serhan Tuncer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Fat Grafts ◽  
Dorsal Area ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

AbstractVariable absorption rate is one of the biggest problems of fat grafting and one of the most important causes of fat graft volume loss is apoptosis. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative and besides its antibacterial capacity, it has been widely using for anti-apoptotic effects. This study was designed to investigate the effect of minocycline on fat graft survival and adipocyte apoptosis. A total of two main and eight subgroups were designed and a total of 48 experimental animals, 6 in each group, were used. Fat grafts are obtained from Wistar albino rats and implanted to dorsal area of rats. Local and systemic minocycline was applied in the study groups. On the 9th day, apoptotic cells were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method and on the 90th day morphologic characteristics and viability of adipocytes were evaluated using histologic and immunohistochemical methods and statistically compared. This study revealed that the fat grafts were bigger, and they kept their structures better and they were more vascular in the minocycline groups and apoptosis was significantly lower in the minocycline groups. The authors demonstrated that minocycline increases fat graft survival and statistical improvement in apoptosis inhibition via using minocycline therapy has been shown.

Exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote survival of fat grafts by regulating macrophage polarization via let-7c

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Hao ◽  
Yuan Guo ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xueyuan Yu ◽  
Lin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Fat Grafts ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The rate of fat graft survival is a critical aspect of successful surgery and has been a matter of concern for over 20 years. Owing to their anti-inflammatory effects and regenerative property, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) have been adapted for clinical application in fat grafting, although the mechanism underlying their action remains unclear. Recently, exosomes derived from MSCs were suggested as a better alternative, and these exosomes have also been applied in diverse clinical therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that MSCs modulate macrophage differentiation via exosome secretion, and the connection between macrophage regulation and the rate of fat graft survival has been established. Here, we identified that let-7c, the key factor in the regulatory process, is shuttled by AD-MSC-derived exosomes to downregulate the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-δ. The downregulation of C/EBP-δ resulted in the attenuation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and elevation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. These results suggest that AD-MSC-derived exosomes promote the survival of fat grafts by regulating macrophage polarization via let-7c. This is the first study to elucidate the mechanism underlying the promotion of the fat graft survival rate by AD-MSCs and to evaluate the immunotherapeutic potential of AD-MSC-derived exosomes in fat grafting.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Repeated Applications of Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Platelet-Poor Plasma on Fat Graft Survival in Nude Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junjie Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xiao Shi ◽  
Pijun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Platelet Poor Plasma ◽  
Fat Grafts

Autologous fat grafting has been widely used for soft tissue filling in plastic surgery. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could play a wide role in health and disease because of containing a variety of growth factors and cytokines. Although previous studies have described the positive effect of autologous PRP mixed with fat grafts, only minimal improvements in fat graft survival have been reported. The present study is aimed at comparing the effects of PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) on the survival and quality of fat grafting. We built a 180-day nude mouse model implanted with a fat graft supplemented with PRP, PPP, or saline, respectively. The above reagents (PRP, PPP, or saline) were injected two additional times after the initial engraftment. The survival ratio of the fat grafts and the capillary density in the PRP group were significantly higher than those in the PPP group and the saline group (control group) at 15, 30, 90, and 180 days posttransplantation ( P < 0.05 ). The survival ratio of the PPP group was higher than that of the saline group ( P < 0.05 ), but the capillary density in the PPP group was not significantly different from that in the saline group at any time point ( P > 0.05 ). We hence conclude that the repeated application of PRP or PPP three times can enhance the survival of fat grafts within 180 days. Moreover, the effect of PRP is superior to that of PPP.

A Systematic Review on Extracellular Vesicles-Enriched Fat Grafting: A Shifting Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghiasloo ◽  
Laura De Wilde ◽  
Kashika Singh ◽  
Patrick Tonnard ◽  
Alexis Verpaele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Cochrane Central Register

Abstract Background Recent evidence confirms that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) facilitate angiogenesis mainly through paracrine function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded as key components of the cell secretome, possessing functional properties of their source cells. Subsequently, MSC-EVs have emerged as a novel cell-free approach to improve fat graft retention rate. Objectives To provide a systematic review of all studies reporting the use of MSC-EVs to improve graft retention rate. Methods A systematic search was undertaken using the Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Outcome measures included donor/receptor organism of the fat graft, study model, intervention groups, evaluation intervals, EV research data, in vitro and in vivo results. Results Of the total 1717 articles, 62 full-texts were screened. Seven studies reporting on 294mice were included. Overall, EV treated groups showed higher graft retention rates compared to untreated groups. Notably, retention rate was similar following EV- and MSC-treatment. In addition to reduced inflammation, graft enrichment with EVs resulted in early revascularization and better graft integrity. Interestingly, hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs improved their beneficial paracrine effects and led to a more proangiogenic EV population, as observed by both in vitro and in vivo results. Conclusions MSC-EVs appear to offer an interesting cell-free alternative to improve fat graft survival. While their clinical relevance remains to be determined, it is clear that not the cells, but their secretome is essential for graft survival. Thus, a paradigm shift from cell-assisted lipotransfer towards ‘secretome-assisted lipotransfer’ is well on its way.

scholarly journals Salvianolic acid-B improves fat graft survival by promoting proliferation and adipogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Ming Sun ◽  
Chia-Kang Ho ◽  
Ya Gao ◽  
Chio-Hou Chong ◽  
Dan-Ning Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Fat Transplantation ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Fat Grafts

Abstract Background: Our previous study proved that Salvia miltiorrhiza could enhance fat graft survival by promoting adipogenesis. However, the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), the most abundant and bioactive water-soluble compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza, on fat graft survival has not yet been investigated.Objective: This study aims to investigate whether salvianolic acid B could improve fat graft survival and promote preadipocyte differentiation. The underlying mechanism has also been studied.Methods: In vivo, 0.2 ml of Coleman fat was transplanted into nude mice with salvianolic acid B. The grafts were evaluated by HE and IF at 2 and 4 weeks posttransplantation and by micro-CT at 4 weeks posttransplantation. In vitro, the adipogenesis and proliferative activities of salvianolic acid B were analyzed in cultured human adipose-derived stem cells (h-ADSCs) and 3T3-L1 cells to detect the mechanism by which salvianolic acid B affects graft survival.Results: In vivo, the weights and volumes of the fat grafts in the Sal-B-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the fat grafts in the control group. In addition, higher fat integrity and more viable adipocytes were observed in the Sal-B-treated groups. In vitro, salvianolic acid B showed the ability to promote 3T3-L1 and h-ADSC proliferation and adipogenesis.Conclusions: Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that salvianolic acid B can promote the proliferation of adipose stem cells and enhance the differentiation of adipose stem cells. Simultaneously, in vivo experiments showed that salvianolic acid B can improve the survival rate of fat transplantation. Therefore, our research shed light on the potential therapeutic usage of salvianolic acid B in improving the survival rate of fat transplantation.

Comparison of Fat Repositioning Versus Onlay Segmental Fat Grafting in Lower Blepharoplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Hedén ◽  
Sebastian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Lower Blepharoplasty ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Tear Trough ◽  
Tear Trough Deformity

Abstract Background Lower blepharoplasty is one of the most challenging procedures in aesthetic surgery. In particular, blending the lid-cheek junction and correction of the tear trough are prone to failure and unsatisfactory outcomes. Objectives The aim of this study was to combine lower eyelid blepharoplasty with a novel technique of autologous fat grafting, commonly called segmental fat grafting, and to analyze the safety and efficacy of this approach. Methods A retrospective analysis of 339 lower blepharoplasties was performed to compare the novel technique of segmental fat grafting to traditional fat transposition during lower blepharoplasty. Outcomes were assessed objectively by several measurements as well as via online survey of 148 invited experts in plastic surgery. Statistical analysis included t test for unpaired and paired samples as well as 1-way analysis of variance for matched data. Results There were no differences in baseline characteristics and comorbidities between study groups. After a mean follow-up of 12.9 months (range, 5-120 months), the group that underwent segmental fat grafting had a significant reduction in tear trough width compared compared with the group receiving lower blepharoplasty with fat transposition. Based on an expert (blinded) online survey, segmental fat grafting was superior or equal in 47% and 35% of cases, respectively. Complications (4%) and revision surgeries (9%) did not differ significantly between study groups. Conclusions The novel technique of transplantation of a segmental fat graft during lower blepharoplasty is a safe and effective way to overcome tear trough deformity and blend the lid-cheek junction. Level of Evidence: 4

scholarly journals FTY720 Improves the Survival of Autologous Fat Grafting by Modulating Macrophages Toward M2 Polarization Via STAT3 Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110529
Author(s):  
Yi Yi ◽  
Weijie Hu ◽  
Wenchang Lv ◽  
Chongru Zhao ◽  
Mingchen Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Autologous Fat Grafting ◽  
Autologous Fat ◽  
Stat3 Pathway

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is widely regarded as an important method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy among breast cancer (BC) patients. FTY720 has been proved to affect macrophage polarization and improve the sensitivity of postoperative BC treatment. This study aimed to explore FTY720 function and underlying mechanism in fat transplantation. The C57BL/6 J mice that received AFG were randomly divided into two groups treated with saline and FTY720, respectively. The fat graft samples were obtained at week 1, 2, 4, and 12 post-transplantation. Graft volumes, graft structures, M2 macrophages, and STAT3 protein expression were estimated by histological examination, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blot, respectively. In vitro, mouse preadipocytes were stimulated with FTY720 treated-M2 macrophages conditioned medium (FTY720-M2-CM) to evaluate the adipogenesis effect. The level of adipogenic mRNA expression in preadipocytes was detected by RT-PCR. The in vivo results showed that FTY720 treatment significantly enhanced the fat graft retention, structure integrity, and neovascularization, indicating the potential of FTY720 in improving graft survival. The histology results showed more polarized M2 macrophage presented in the FTY720 group. In the in vitro assay, after FTY720-M2-CM treatment, the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes showed the increased triglyceride content and adipogenic mRNA expression, including FABP4, C/EBP-α, Adipoq, and PPARγ. Furthermore, FTY720 treatment up-regulated the expression level of M2 biomarker CD206, Arg-1, Fizz-1, which could be weakened by the STAT3 inhibitor. Together, this study confirmed the potential efficacy of FTY720 in improving graft survival in the AFG model, possibly mediated by polarizing macrophages to M2 type through activating the STAT3 pathway.

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