Uncus Herniation Presenting as Immediate Onset Postoperative Hemichorea

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Vinay Agarwal ◽  
Namit Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractChorea is defined as a state of excessive spontaneous movements, irregularly timed, nonrepetitive, randomly distributed, and abrupt in character. Thalamic and subthalamic lesions are commonly known to cause hemichorea. Here, we describe a patient with hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis that caused hemichorea in the immediate postoperative period due to subthalamic infarct of uncus herniation. Considering that hydrocephalus symmetrically affects the central nervous system, the asymmetric presentation of chorea in the immediate postoperative period after wakening up from anesthesia could be confusing if a possibility of uncus herniation is not considered.

scholarly journals Postoperative agitation syndrome in young children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
V.I. Snisar ◽  
O.S. Pavlysh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Inhalation Anesthesia ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
The Central Nervous System

One of the complications of the postoperative period in children is postanesthetic agitation, a significant emotional and uncontrollable worry, clouding of consciousness, feeling of anxiety and fear, inappropriate behavior, irritability, inconso­lable crying, aggressive and negative attitude towards parents and medical staff. Postoperative agitation is very important for clinicians and hospitals, it has a risk of harming a patient, staying longer in the ward after anesthesia, and increasing the period of postoperative recovery. The frequency of postoperative agitation depends on age group. Most often agitation occurs in young children. There is evidence that agitation can also be due to the immature nervous system and a consequence of pathological conditions of the central nervous system (asthenoneurotic syndrome, encephalopathy, hyperactivity syndrome, perinatal posthypoxic and organic brain lesions, history of prematurity, epilepsy, psychophysical and speech delay, etc.). That is why the goal of our research was to study the patterns of clinical manifestations of postoperative agitation syndrome in children with prenatal da­mage to the central nervous system. The work was performed based on the analysis of the postoperative period in 109 young children: 59 patients with acquired hydrocephalus, who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and 50 children without neurological disorders in whom reconstructive surge­ries were carried out. Depending on the type anesthetic management, each group was divided into two subgroups: children, who received inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane, and those, who received total intravenous anesthesia using propofol. In the postoperative period, the behavior of children was assessed on a Pediatric Ane­sthesia Emergence Delirium scale 30 minutes after anesthesia was completed. Criterion for the development of agitation was the presence of excitement in a child with a score of ≥ 10 points. Study showed that young children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system and children whose anesthetic provision is carried out using sevoflurane are the most vulnerable to the development of agitation syndrome. Agitation in such children is more pronounced and longer. These cases require prediction, detection and active surveillance.

scholarly journals The central nervous system lesion in amniotic rupture sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. S4-S4
Author(s):  
P. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Central Nervous System Lesion ◽  
Secondary Pathology ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Occlusion

We review the central nervous system anatomy in nine cases of amniotic rupture sequence, all of which had neuropathological examinations. Of these, four had normal brains, and in none of these was the cranial vault involved, and one had cleft lip and palate. Of the remaining five, all had portions of the scalp, calvarium and dura replaced by amnionic membrane directly overlying arachnoid. In one, the membrane covered a narrow necked large encephalocele, and the contained brain demonstrated extensive disruption and degeneration. In the remaining four, one demonstrated cranioplacental adhesion, and in three there was a broad based encephalocele covered in large part by amnion. Two of these four cases demonstrated holoprosencephaly. One case with holoprosencephaly and one without demonstrated marked aqueductal stenosis, and two of the four demonstrated aqueductal occlusion or near occlusion by neuroglial excrescences. None demonstrated ventriculomegaly. Three of these four cases demonstrate varying degrees of mechanical distortion and secondary pathology. We conclude that brains with amnionic rupture sequence demonstrate both malformation and deformation, which likely points to the embryonic stage origin of the lesion.

scholarly journals Changes in deglutition in patients with neoplasms of the central nervous system interned in the general hospital and maternity of Cuiabá – MT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Carvalho de Toledo Mendes ◽  
Daniela Tonellotto dos Santos ◽  
Cláudia de Souza Ozores Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction: Tumors of the central nervous system are considered rare, belonging to the types of tumors that cause functional deficits and whose symptoms are often overlooked. Dysphagia is the most frequent manifestation in these patients, resulting in malnutrition, dehydration, pulmonary complications and even a cause of death, causing great impact on public health. Objective: to identify early the risk of dysphagia in patients in the postoperative period of neurosurgery. Design and setting: prospective and descriptive study carried out in the neurosurgery service with individuals in the postoperative period of neoplasms of the Central Nervous System of the General Hospital and Maternity of Cuiabá. Method: Twenty patients participated in the research, aged 18 years or over and of both sexes. The Phonoaudiological Protocol for Risk Assessment for Dysphagia was used for data collection, by means of the swallowing test of water, soft foods, classification, degree of dysphagia and conduct. This study was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee under number 4,196,826. Results: The participants in this study are on average 56 years old, 60% male, 55% from the interior of Mato Grosso and in relation to the proposed treatment, 100% of the participants were referred for neurosurgery. Conclusion: The study contributed to the characterization of patients, of which 70% had the International Classification of Diseases D430 and 80% maintained normal swallowing in the postoperative period, with important findings regarding the functionality of swallowing and food safety of the sample.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

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