scholarly journals The Effect of Xylitol on the Composition of the Oral Flora: A Pilot Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 024-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Aino Hirvonen ◽  
Sara Karjalainen ◽  
Margherita Fontana ◽  
Diana Catt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACTObjectives: Our aim was to investigate the effect of short-term xylitol consumption on the microbial composition of plaque and saliva. Methods: Twelve volunteers (22-38 yrs) harboring mutans streptococci (MS) participated in the randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The experimental chewing gum contained 65% xylitol while the control gum contained 63% sorbitol and 2% maltitol w/w. The polyol dose was approximately 6 g/day. Stimulated saliva and plaque samples were collected before and after the two four-week test periods. The samples were cultured for MS, total streptococci, lactobacilli, and total facultatives. A part of the samples were subjected to DNA-DNA hybridizations of 14 microbial plaque species: Actinomyces naeslundii, A. viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. paracasei, L. rhamnose, L. plantarum, Streptococcus gordonii, S. oralis, S. parasanguis, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, Veillonella parvula. Results: The MS counts of the plaque samples collected from “caries-prone” tooth sites decreased significantly (P<.01) in the xylitol gum group but not in the sorbitol gum group. Also the plaque MS percentage decreased significantly in the xylitol gum group (P<.01). The salivary MS counts did not decrease either in the xylitol or in the sorbitol gum groups. Nor were changes detected in the salivary levels of total streptococci or lactobacilli. The DNA-DNA hybridization assay revealed no study-induced changes in the microbial composition of the dental plaque. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this pilot study, xylitol consumption reduced MS counts in plaque but appeared not to affect the microbial composition of plaque or saliva in general. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:24-31)

scholarly journals Effects of a Chlorhexidine Gluconate-Containing Mouthwash on the Vitality and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of In Vitro Oral Bacterial Ecosystems

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4770-4776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. McBain ◽  
Robert G. Bartolo ◽  
Carl E. Catrenich ◽  
Duane Charbonneau ◽  
Ruth G. Ledder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Neisseria Subflava

ABSTRACT Oral bacterial microcosms, established using saliva inocula from three individuals, were maintained under a feast-famine regime within constant-depth film fermenters. Steady-state communities were exposed four times daily, postfeeding, to a chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate-containing mouthwash (CHXM) diluted to 0.06% (wt/vol) antimicrobial content. The microcosms were characterized by heterotrophic plate counts and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). CHXM caused significant decreases in both total anaerobe and total aerobe/facultative anaerobe counts (P < 0.05), together with lesser decreases in gram-negative anaerobes. The degree of streptococcal and actinomycete inhibition varied considerably among individuals. DGGE showed that CHXM exposure caused considerable decreases in microbial diversity, including marked reductions in Prevotella sp. and Selenomonas infelix. Pure-culture studies of 10 oral bacteria (eight genera) showed that Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella nigrescens, and the streptococci were highly susceptible to CHX, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Neisseria subflava were the least susceptible. Determination of the MICs of triclosan, CHX, erythromycin, penicillin V, vancomycin, and metronidazole for microcosm isolates, before and after 5 days of CHXM exposure, showed that CHXM exposure altered the distribution of isolates toward those that were less susceptible to CHX (P < 0.05). Changes in susceptibility distributions for the other test agents were not statistically significant. In conclusion, population changes in plaque microcosms following repeated exposure to CHXM represented an inhibition of the most susceptible flora with a clonal expansion of less susceptible species.

scholarly journals The Safety and Efficacy of a Mixture of Honey, Olive Oil, and Beeswax for the Management of Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissure: A Pilot Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1998-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noori S. Al-Waili ◽  
Khelod S. Saloom ◽  
Thia N. Al-Waili ◽  
Ali N. Al-Waili
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Anal Fissure ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diaper Dermatitis ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Mixture

We have found that a mixture of honey, olive oil, and beeswax was effective for treatment of diaper dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, and skin fungal infection. The mixture has antibacterial properties. A prospective pilot study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of topical application of the mixture on patients with anal fissure or hemorrhoids.Fifteen consecutive patients, 13 males and 2 females, median age 45 years (range: 28–70), who presented with anal fissure (5 patients) or first- to third-degree hemorrhoids (4 with first degree, 4 with second degree, and 2 with third degree), were treated with a 12-h application of a natural mixture containing honey, olive oil, and beeswax in ratio of 1:1:1(v/v/v). Bleeding, itching, edema, and erythema were measured using a scoring method: 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, and 4 = very severe. The pain score was checked using a visual analog scale (minimum = 0, maximum = 10). Efficacy of treatment was assessed by comparing the symptoms' score before and after treatment; at weekly intervals for a maximum of 4 weeks. The patients were observed for evidence of any adverse effect such as appearance of new signs and symptoms, or worsening of the existing symptoms. The honey mixture significantly reduced bleeding and relieved itching in patients with hemorrhoids. Patients with anal fissure showed significant reduction in pain, bleeding, and itching after the treatment. No side effect was reported with use of the mixture. We conclude that a mixture of honey, olive oil, and beeswax is safe and clinically effective in the treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissure, which paves the way for further randomized double blind studies.

An interoceptive basis for alcohol priming effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau ◽  
Marsha Bates ◽  
Evgeny Vaschillo ◽  
Jennifer Buckman
Keyword(s):  
Flanker Task ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
Induced Changes

Background: Alcohol priming can modulate the value of rewards, as observed through the effects of acute alcohol administration on cue reactivity. However, little is known about the psychophysiological mechanisms driving these effects. Here we examine how alcohol-induced changes in bodily states shape the development of implicit attentional biases and explicit cue reactivity. Aims: To characterize the interoceptive correlates of alcohol priming effects on alcohol attentional biases and cue reactivityMethods: In a two-session double blind alcohol administration procedure, participants (n=31) were given a 0.4g/kg dose of alcohol or a placebo drink. Cardiovascular responses were measured before and after alcohol administration to observe the effects of alcohol on viscero-afferent reactivity, as indexed through changes in heart-rate variability (HRV) at or near 0.1Hz (0.1Hz HRV). Next, participants completed a modified Flanker task to examine implicit alcohol attentional biases and provided subjective valence and arousal ratings of alcohol cues to examine explicit cue reactivity. Results: We found that changes in 0.1Hz HRV after alcohol administration positively correlated with attentional biases, and negatively correlated with alcohol valence ratings; breath alcohol content was a null predictor. Conclusion: This is novel evidence that suggests alcohol-induced changes in bodily states may mediate the occurrence of alcohol priming effects, and highlights the potentially generative role of interoceptive mechanisms in alcohol-related behaviors. The differential patterns revealed by implicit biases and explicit response tendencies is considered within the context of the dissociation between wanting and liking.

scholarly journals Effects of Postexercise Protein Intake on Muscle Mass and Strength During Resistance Training: Is There an Optimal Ratio Between Fast and Slow Proteins?

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fabre ◽  
Christophe Hausswirth ◽  
Eve Tiollier ◽  
Odeline Molle ◽  
Julien Louis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Induced Changes

While effects of the two classes of proteins found in milk (i.e., soluble proteins, including whey, and casein) on muscle protein synthesis have been well investigated after a single bout of resistance exercise (RE), the combined effects of these two proteins on the muscle responses to resistance training (RT) have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of protein supplementation varying by the ratio between milk soluble proteins (fast-digested protein) and casein (slow-digested protein) on the muscle to a 9-week RT program. In a double-blind protocol, 31 resistance-trained men, were assigned to 3 groups receiving a drink containing 20g of protein comprising either 100% of fast protein (FP(100), n = 10), 50% of fast and 50% of slow proteins (FP(50), n = 11) or 20% of fast protein and 80% of casein (FP(20), n = 10) at the end of training bouts. Body composition (DXA), and maximal strength in dynamic and isometric were analyzed before and after RT. Moreover, blood plasma aminoacidemia kinetic after RE was measured. The results showed a higher leucine bioavailability after ingestion of FP(100) and FP(50) drinks, when compared with FP(20) (p< .05). However, the RT-induced changes in lean body mass (p < .01), dynamic (p < .01), and isometric muscle strength (p < .05) increased similarly in all experimental groups. To conclude, compared with the FP(20) group, the higher rise in plasma amino acids following the ingestion of FP(100) and FP(50) did not lead to higher muscle long-term adaptations.

scholarly journals Foot Reflexotherapy Induces Analgesia in Elderly Individuals with Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Hoffmann de Oliveira ◽  
Anna Quialheiro de Abreu da Silva ◽  
Daniela Dero Ludtke ◽  
Fernanda Madeira ◽  
Graciela Mendonça da Silva Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. This study evaluated the effects of foot reflexotherapy on pain and postural balance in elderly individuals with low back pain. Design. Randomized, controlled pilot study. Participants (n=20) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: individuals submitted to conventional foot massage (control group) or foot reflexotherapy (RT, intervention group) for a period of 5 weeks. Questionnaires on pain and disability (visual analogue scale [VAS] and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire [RMDQ]), heart rate variability, and orthostatic balance and baropodometric analysis were assessed at two intervals: before and after intervention. Results. RT group showed statistically significant differences when compared to control group in the following parameters: decrease in VAS scores for pain throughout the study, decrease in parasympathetic activity, and improvement in RMDQ scores. The two groups did not statistically differ in either orthostatic balance or baropodometric analyses. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that foot reflexotherapy induced analgesia but did not affect postural balance in elderly individuals with low back pain.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mouth Washes on Streptococci in Plaque around Orthodontic Appliances

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Khosravani Fard ◽  
Mahmood Ghasemi ◽  
Hossein Rastgariyan ◽  
Seyed Hadi Sajjadi ◽  
Houshang Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Background and Purpose. Fixed orthodontics may be associated with accumulation of Mutans Streptococci (MS), enamel demineralization, and an increased number of carious lesions, predominantly in sites adjacent to brackets. This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Listerine, Oral-B, and Ortho-kin on the accumulation of MS in plaque around orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods A double-blind randomized cross-over clinical trial on 25 orthodontic patients, classified into 6 groups was done to assess MS in plaque and saliva with the side specific modified Strip-Mutans technique and the plaque (PI) was measured before and after rinsing using 3 types of commercial mouth-rinses. A washout period (3 weeks) was awaited between using each mouth-rinse and the data was analyzed via Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests. Results. This study of 25 patients, 5 men and 20 women, with an average age of assessed the effectiveness of mouth-rinses on MS. Our results showed that Ortho-kin had a better effect than Oral-B and Listerine (). Ortho-kin also had better effects than Oral-B and Listerine on plaque accumulation (). Conclusion. Ortho-kin showed better effects on decreasing MS and PI because it contained chlorhexidine.

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