scholarly journals Flap Selection Algorithm Based on the Body Mass Index for Phalloplasty in Female-to-Male Transgender: Techniques and Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. e57-e62
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Watanabe ◽  
Yuzaburo Namba ◽  
Yoshihiro Kimata
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh ◽  
Alternative Algorithm ◽  
Radial Forearm ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Alt Flap

Abstract Background Various phalloplasty methods have been reported; however, a consensus has not been reached. Therefore, we suggest an alternative algorithm for an ideal phalloplasty considering the factors that affect flap selection. Methods We retrospectively examined 32 phalloplasty cases of female-to-male transgender. Flaps used for phalloplasty were classified into three groups as follows: (1) radial forearm (RF) group, (2) anterolateral thigh (ALT) group, and (3) flap combination (FC) group. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the significance of age and body mass index (BMI) as well as differences in the rates of postoperative complication, reoperation, esthetic acceptability, tactile or erogenous sensibility, and the ability to urinate while standing. Results Ten cases were included in the RF group and 7 and 15 cases in the ALT and FC groups, respectively. With respect to BMI, the RF group (mean [standard deviation (SD)] = 25.9 [3.3]) showed significantly higher BMI than the ALT (21.7 [0.9]) or FC group (22.2 [4.5]). The RF (mean [SD] = 3.7 [0.4]) and ALT groups (3.5 [0.9]) had significantly higher esthetic acceptability evaluation scores (from 1 to 4) than the FC group (2.5 [1.2]). Moreover, the RF and ALT groups were superior than the FC group in terms of tactile or erogenous sensibility rates. Conclusion BMI effected flap choices for phalloplasty because of the correlation between BMI and skin thickness. FC becomes an option between ALT flap and RF flap in terms of flap choice based on BMI. Our alternative algorithm for an ideal phalloplasty based on BMI will be useful for objective flap choices.

The importance of laboratory tests and Body Mass Index in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Atakan Ozkan ◽  
Aylin Hande Gokce ◽  
Feridun Suat Gokce
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<b>Background:</b> Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen. Delay in diagnosis increases the mortality and morbidity. <br><b>Aim: </b>In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the body mass index is useful in diagnosis and whether the neutrophil /lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios can help in determining the inflammation level of acute appendicitis. <br><b>Meterial and Methods:</b> Cases of appendectomy performed between June 2012 and December 2018 in our clinic were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the pathology results of the cases included in the study, 4 groups were formed, i.e.: Group 1 (initial stage), Group 2 (catarrhal stage), Group 3 (phlegmonous-gangrenous stage) and Group 4 (perforation). The study compared age, body mass index, leukocyte values, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet /lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) between groups. <br><b> Results:</b> 828 cases were included in the study. When compared between groups, the values of Group 3 and Group 4 were higher than those of Group 1 and Group 2 for PLR and NLR. There was no difference in RDW and MPV values in the blood. When Body Mass Index (BMI) was compared between groups, it was found to be significantly higher with increasing histopathological stage. <br><b>Conclusion:</b> In acute appendicitis, the blood leukocyte value, elevated PLR and NLR are helpful in diagnosis. We aimed to emphasize that the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is delayed in patients with a BMI above 30 and/or at age of over 40 years, with the perforation rate being determined more frequently.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Anterolateral Thigh Flap Thickness: A Retrospective Study From a Single Center in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Yin ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Gongxin Yang ◽  
Xingjun Qin ◽  
Ping Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh Flap ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh ◽  
Flap Thickness ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Alt Flap

Background: During repair of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects, organ function is largely related to the amount of thickness of the flap. However, there are few studies on the influencing factors of the thickness of the flap. In this retrospective study, we aim to explore the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap thickness by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound and provide guidance for evaluating the ALT flap thickness before surgery.Methods: We selected three points A, B, and C on ALT flap and two skilled clinicians measured the thickness of these points. Age and gender as covariates and evaluated by the Chi-square analysis. Inter-group differences between the two BMI groups were examined by the student t test. Intra-group differences within each BMI group were tested by ANOVA. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between BMI and ALT flap thickness.Results: One hundred sixty patients measured by CT were included in this study, and the ALT flap thickness measured by CT were 8.96 mm and 11.00 mm (P &lt; 0.0001, t test) at point B in groups with BMI&lt;24.0 and BMI≥24.0, respectively. The thicknesses at points A, B, and C were significantly correlated with the BMI (P &lt; 0.001, correlation analysis, r = 0.462, 0.372, and 0.349 at the points A, B, and C, retrospectively, Pearson test).Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the ALT flap thickness and BMI. A higher BMI was correlated with a thicker ALT flap.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of students in Novi Sad // Antropometrijske karakteristike i stanje ishranjenosti studenata u Novom Sadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Stevanović ◽  
Jelena Bjelanović ◽  
Bojana Babin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Novi Sad

Nutrition is the satisfaction of the needs of the organism for energy, nutrients and protective substances. A well-balanced diet is a prerequisite for good health and protection against illness. The aim of the research is to determine the anthropometric characteristics and the state of nutrition in students of different directions and ages; and make a comparison of the results obtained with respect to gender, age, and study direction.Anthropometric measurements were performed from May to June of 2013. The sample was made by students of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, age from 20 to 36 years of age, chosen by the random selection method. The research involved 64 students stratified by gender, years of life and study direction. The first degree of malnutrition has 13 respondents. Of the total number of subjects, 41 subjects were physiologically nourished. BMI values in the category of pre-hospitality have 8 respondents. Male males have higher average values of body mass index compared to females. Obesity occurs (3.28%) in males. The highest average values of the Body Mass Index have students in the age category. The statistically significant difference is between the mean values of the body mass index versus gender, where men have higher values. Poisoned subjects have 13, and most of them are physiologically nourished. Advocacy is more common in men. Women have a higher average skin thickness compared to men, which is not statistically significant compared to age and study. The highest average value of the measure of the volume of the waist is recorded by persons of male sex, but it is not statistically significant difference in relation to age and study direction.

scholarly journals AB0638 CYTOKINE STATUS IN METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH GOUTY ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1353.1-1353
Author(s):  
K. Zhigulina ◽  
S. Spitsina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background:Gout is an inflammatory and metabolic disease. Hyperuricemia can contribute to inflammation, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, adipogenesis and lipogenesis, impaired insulin and glucose metabolism, and the development of liver disease. In turn, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide; is closely related to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and other metabolic risk factors included in metabolic syndrome (MS). Interest in the problem of MS has not faded for many years, which is associated with its extremely rapid spread in the world.Objectives:To assess the cytokine status in patients with gouty arthritis (GA) in combination with metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods:There were 60 patients with reliable GA under observation. Among the surveyed men and women accounted for 60% and 40%, respectively, with an average age of 54 years, an average duration of the disease of 8 years. A family history of gout was present in 42% of patients. The onset of gouty arthritis was observed at 35.6 ± 10 years. Hypouricemic therapy was prescribed in 70% of patients. Thirty-six patients were diagnosed with the tofus form, 24 had no tofus. Patients were included in the study during arthritis remission. Blood samples were taken for general clinical and biochemical analyzes (ESR according to Westergren and uric acid levels were estimated), as well as for determination of serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 by enzyme immunoassay.Results:The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 - 40 people with GA without signs of MS, group 2 - 20 patients with GA and MS. Patient groups were matched by sex, age, form and severity of the disease. In the 1st group, the body mass index ranged from 28.00 to 34.25 kg / m2, in the 2nd group - from 29.05 to 49.39 kg / m2. In patients with isolated gout, the waist in men averaged 96 cm, in women - 86.5 cm; in the 2nd group: in men - 98 cm, in women - 88 cm. Among the criteria for MS, in addition to abdominal obesity, in the 2nd group, arterial hypertension (in 64%), dyslipidemia (mainly types IIa and IIb) were significantly more frequent, violation of carbohydrate metabolism (fasting glycemic level 8.0 + 2.0 mmol / l), a higher level of uricemia (from 397.8 to 660.5 mmol / l) compared with the 1st group. The average level of IL-6 in the serum of patients in group 1 was 1.46 pg / ml, in group 2 - 14.03 pg / ml, the average level of TNF-alpha in group 1 was 0.51 pg / ml, in group 2 - 1.28 pg / ml.Conclusion:In GA patients with signs of MS, there is a significant increase in the production of key proinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6, TNF-alpha. It was found that with a combination of MS and GA, the concentrations of IL-6, on average, 9.6 times, and TNF-alpha - 2.5 times, exceed the parameters of patients without signs of MS. A direct relationship was established between the expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha with body mass index, as well as with insulin resistance and fluctuations in blood pressure. Thus, the cytokine imbalance is associated with increased risks of both cardiometabolic complications and the progressive course of GA.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Features of physical development and somatotype of girls and women involved in fitness

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. Podrigalo ◽  
H.P. Artemieva ◽  
O.A. Rovnaya ◽  
N.S. Misevra ◽  
Zh.V. Sotnikova-Meleshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose : Comparative analysis of the physical development features and somatotype of girls and women involved in fitness. Material : The experiment involved 95 girls and women, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 - 48 girls (36.04 ± 0.19) years, Group 2 - 47 women (43.26 ± 0.22) years, (p <0.01). Participants practiced fitness 2-3 times a week. The duration of the training was 60 minutes. It was determined the body mass and body length, wrist circumference, waist and hips circumferences. The TANITA BC 587 analyzer was applied to determine muscle and fat mass, the specific weight of fat tissue, water content, percentage of visceral fat, basal metabolism value, bone mass mineralization. It was calculated the body mass index and the waist-to-hip ratio. The results were evaluated applying the Student's t-test (t) and Rosenbaum (Q) and Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney (U) criteria. Results : There were no significant differences in body length and body mass. The girls confirmed a less value of hip circumference (t = 2.04, p <0.05) and a tendency to less waist circumference (t = 1.97, p <0.1) in comparison with group 2. The participants of group 2 had a larger wrist circumference (U = 891, p <0.05). According to this parameter, persons with asthenic body type prevailed among participants. Their specific weight was (56.25 ± 7.16)% of group 1 and (53.19 ± 7.28)% of group 2. It was confirmed less absolute body fat content in group 1 (t = 2.09, p <0.05). All participants were characterized by larger muscle mass. There were no differences in this parameter between groups. It was determined the high concentration of specific weight of fat tissue in comparison with age standards. The content of visceral fat was within the age norm. Its content was higher in group 2 (Q = 18, p <0.01). The basal metabolic value was larger in group 2 (Q = 17, p <0.01). The values of bone mass mineralization reflect the correspondence to the body mass of the participants. This parameter did not have significant differences in the groups. The body mass index value in group 1 was within the average interval. In group 2, this index was higher than the standard one. The body mass index in group 1 was significantly lower (t = 2.18, p <0.05). The participants with a body mass index above the norm were (35.42 ± 6.90)% of group 1 and (59.57 ± 7.16)% of group 2. The prevalence of waist-to-hip ratio above the norm was (54.17 ± 7.19)% 1 group and (59.57 ± 7.17)% 2 group, (p> 0.05). Conclusions : it was determined the proximity of the main anthropometric parameters (mass and body length). The girls have lower values of the hip circumference. Persons with asthenic body type prevailed among the participants. Analysis of the indices confirmed the high prevalence of overweight and high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The application of bio-impedance method confirmed and clarified the results of anthropometric research. The participants demonstrated the increased content of subcutaneous and visceral fat, increasing with age. The water level in the body gradually decreases with age. This is considered as a reflection of age-related physiological changes in metabolism and should be considered in fitness training organizing. Studies have confirmed the informativeness and adequacy of the bio-impedance method.

scholarly journals The Effects of Wearing a Removable-Partial-Denture on the Bite Forces: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11401
Author(s):  
Iole Vozza ◽  
Licia Manzon ◽  
Pier Carmine Passarelli ◽  
Nicola Pranno ◽  
Ottavia Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Removable Partial Denture ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Removable partial dentures are a frequently used prosthetic treatment in the elderly population, but different types or RPDs might guarantee different chewing capabilities. In many studies, the relationship between chewing and aging has been reported and it has been shown that efficient chewing can improve the overall quality of life. Objectives: In the present study, the relationship between maximum bite force (MBF) and RPDs was studied. A relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the type of prosthesis was also analyzed. Methods: 240 elderly patients, 120 males and 120 females, with bilateral posterior edentulism (class 1 of Kennedy classification) who had been wearing an RPD for at least a year, were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: male (n = 60) and female (n = 60) patients with bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the remaining natural teeth and natural teeth in the opposite dental arch. Group 2: male (n = 60) and female (n = 60) patients with maxillary and mandibular bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the remaining natural teeth. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) and Maximum bite force (MBF) were measured and compared according to the material and design of their RPD. Results: In both Groups, patients wearing cobalt-chrome alloy RPDs (Co-Cr-RPD) (Group 1: 20.25 ± 6.7 MBF, p < 0.001; Group 2: 16.0 ± 5.7 MBF, p < 0.001) had an increased MBF when compared to polymethylmethacrylate RPD (PMMA-RPD) (Group 1: 12.9 ± 3.36 MBF; Group 2: 10.4 + 2.8 MBF), and Valplast RPD (V-RPD) (Group 1: 14.3 ± 4.7 MBF; Group 2: 11.3 ± 3.4 MBF) users. There were no significant differences in bite force between patients wearing PMMA-RPD and V- RPD in both Groups. Patients in Group 2 showed a lower MBF than those in Group 1 (Group 1: 16.05 ± 6.13 MBF; Group 2: 12.6 ± 4.84 MBF; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A reduction in chewing force can lead to choosing softer foods for nutrition, which can lead to an increase in BMI. Our results show that only CoCr-RPD wearers were able to chew consistent food, whereas PMMA- RPD and V-RPD, due to the properties of the materials, their instability, and the possibility of causing pain during mastication, determined a limitation in the choice of food for many of the participants.

191: Does the Body Mass Index Affect the Outcome Following Reconstruction of Orthotopic Neobladder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Murugesan Manoharan ◽  
Martha A. Reyes ◽  
Alan M. Nieder ◽  
Bruce R. Kava ◽  
MarkS Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthotopic Neobladder

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

Visual body processing’s associations to Body Mass Index and internalization of societal beauty ideals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cazzato ◽  
Elizabeth Walters ◽  
Cosimo Urgesi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
Beauty Ideals ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Attention To Detail

We examined whether visual processing mechanisms of the body of conspecifics are different in women and men and whether these rely on westernised socio-cultural ideals and body image concerns. Twenty-four women and 24 men performed a visual discrimination task of upright or inverted images of female or male bodies and faces (Experiment 1) and objects (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, both groups of women and men showed comparable abilities in the discrimination of upright and inverted bodies and faces. However, the genders of the human stimuli yielded different effects on participants’ performance, so that male bodies and female faces appeared to be processed less configurally than female bodies and male faces, respectively. Interestingly, altered configural processing for male bodies was significantly predicted by participants’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and their level of internalization of muscularity. Our findings suggest that configural visual processing of bodies and faces in women and men may be linked to a selective attention to detail needed for discriminating salient physical (perhaps sexual) cues of conspecifics. Importantly, BMI and muscularity internalization of beauty ideals may also play a crucial role in this mechanism.

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