The importance of laboratory tests and Body Mass Index in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Atakan Ozkan ◽  
Aylin Hande Gokce ◽  
Feridun Suat Gokce
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<b>Background:</b> Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen. Delay in diagnosis increases the mortality and morbidity. <br><b>Aim: </b>In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the body mass index is useful in diagnosis and whether the neutrophil /lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios can help in determining the inflammation level of acute appendicitis. <br><b>Meterial and Methods:</b> Cases of appendectomy performed between June 2012 and December 2018 in our clinic were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the pathology results of the cases included in the study, 4 groups were formed, i.e.: Group 1 (initial stage), Group 2 (catarrhal stage), Group 3 (phlegmonous-gangrenous stage) and Group 4 (perforation). The study compared age, body mass index, leukocyte values, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet /lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) between groups. <br><b> Results:</b> 828 cases were included in the study. When compared between groups, the values of Group 3 and Group 4 were higher than those of Group 1 and Group 2 for PLR and NLR. There was no difference in RDW and MPV values in the blood. When Body Mass Index (BMI) was compared between groups, it was found to be significantly higher with increasing histopathological stage. <br><b>Conclusion:</b> In acute appendicitis, the blood leukocyte value, elevated PLR and NLR are helpful in diagnosis. We aimed to emphasize that the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is delayed in patients with a BMI above 30 and/or at age of over 40 years, with the perforation rate being determined more frequently.

Association of choroidal structure and body mass index in an adult population

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110437
Author(s):  
Emine Temel ◽  
Nazife Aşikgarip ◽  
Kemal Örnek
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Choroidal Structure ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To determine the relation of choroidal structural parameters and body mass index (BMI) in an adult population. Methods: About 144 eyes of 144 healthy individuals were incorporated. There were four groups according to BMI values: Group 1 (⩽18.5), group 2 (18.6–24.9), group 3 (25.0–29.9), and group 4 (30.0–34.9). The enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images were binarized using Image-J software. Choroidal thickness (CT), circumscribed choroidal area (CCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated. Results: Mean subfoveal, nasal, and temporal CT were lower in group 4 rather than group 1 ( p = 0.032, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Mean nasal and temporal CT also showed a decrease in group 4 as compared to group 2 ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.039). Mean CCA and LA were decreased in group 4 in comparison to group 3 ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.001), group 2 ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), and group 1 ( p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). Mean SA showed a decrease only in group 3 rather than group 2 ( p = 0.021) and group 1 ( p = 0.008). Mean CVI was decreased in group 3 and group 4 in comparison to group 1 ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and group 2 ( p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased BMI percentile was associated with a decrease in CT and structural parameters.

scholarly journals Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

Abstract 3147: Uric Acid Independently Predicted Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Large Cohort of Ethnic Chinese

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Yuan Chuang ◽  
Jonathan Jiunn-Horng Chen ◽  
Chih-Cheng Wu ◽  
Wen-Harn Pan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Few studies examine the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to investigate the association between SUA and ACS in a prospective study of ethnic Chinese. Enrolled were 128569 adults ≥ 20 yrs from 4 MJ Health Checkup Clinics in Taiwan during 1994 –1996, excluding those with heart disease, stroke, renal disease and cancer disease. All physical examination, biochemical test and structured questionnaire were executed in standardized central labs. ACS was defined by main ICD-9 of 410 – 414 from claim data of National Health Insurance for hospitalization and from Death certification registry. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) between levels of SUA and ACS events. A total of 2049 subjects (Men: 1239/Women: 810) developed ACS during the period from baseline to Dec.31.2002. Men had higher ACS incidence than women (2.84 vs. 1.61 per 1000 person-years [PY]; p < .0001). Independent risk factors of ACS unfolded from this study included age, male sex, waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, total-cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, uric acid, and current smoking. The crude incidences of ACS were 1.27, 2.06, 3.27 and 4.61 per 1000 PY in that order for four consecutive SUA groups (group1: <5.0 mg/dl; group 2: 5.0 – 6.9 mg/dl; group 3: 7.0 – 8.9 mg/dl; group 4: ≥9.0 mg/dl) (p-value for trend <.0001). Compared to group1, the multi-variate adjusted HRs (95% Confidence intervals) were 1.14 (0.92, 1.42) for group 2, 1.38 (1.10, 1.72) for group 3 and 1.38 (1.10, 1.72) for group 4 among men, and 1.03 (0.87, 1.22), 1.30 (1.05, 1.62) and 1.43 (0.99, 2.05) among women after adjusting for age, systolic/diastolic BP, body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and occupation. One standard deviation increase in SUA corresponded to around 30% ACS risk increase in women (HR=1.33; 1.04 –1.70) and 60% in men (HR=1.59; 1.25–2.03). Baseline SUA level independently predicts the development of ACS and should be considered as a potential risk factor of ACS.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of body mass index (BMI) on semen parameters and male reproductive system hormones

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Zeynel Keskin ◽  
Salih Budak ◽  
Evrim Emre Aksoy ◽  
Cem Yücel ◽  
Serkan Karamazak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: To evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) ratio on semen parameters and serum reproductive hormones. Materials and methods: The data of 454 patients who prsented to male infertility clinics in our hospital between 2014 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Weight, height, serum hormone levels and semen analysis results of the patients were obtained. BMI values were calculated by using the weight and height values of the patients and they were classified as group 1 for BMI values ≤ 25 kg/m2, as group 2 for BMI values 25-30 kg/m2 and as group 3 for BMI values ≥ 30 kg/m2. Results: The mean values of BMI, semen volume, concentration, total motility, progressive motility, total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC), normal morphology according to Kruger, head abnormality, neck abnormality, tail abnormality, FSH, LH, prolactin, T/E2, total testosterone and estradiol parameters of the patients were considered. Patients were divided according to BMI values in Group 1 (n = 165), Group 2 (n = 222) and Group 3 (n = 56). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of all variables between the groups. Conclusions: We analyzed the relationship between BMI level and semen parameters and reproductive hormones, demonstrating no relationship between BMI and semen parameters. In our study, BMI does not affect semen parameters although it shows negative correlation with prolactin and testosterone levels.

scholarly journals Diabetes during Pregnancy: Influence of Body Mass Index on Composite Morbidity

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. e128-e133
Author(s):  
Amy O'Neil Dudley ◽  
Zachary Jenner ◽  
Hector Mendez-Figueroa ◽  
Viviana Ellis ◽  
Suneet Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Umbilical Arterial Ph ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Group 1

Objective This study aims to compare composite maternal and neonatal morbidities (MM, NM) among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus whose body mass index (BMI) at delivery was < 30 (group 1), 30.0 to 39.9 (group 2), and ≥ 40 kg/m2 (group 3). We hypothesized that increased BMI class at delivery would be associated with worsening maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. MM was defined as: chorioamnionitis, wound infection, eclampsia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia admission, third/fourth degree laceration, and/or death. NM was defined as umbilical arterial pH < 7.0, 5 minute Apgar < 4, respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, neonatal sepsis, stillbirth, and/or death. Odds ratios were adjusted for possible confounders. Results MM was noted in 8, 13, and 24% of groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and significantly more common in group 2 versus 1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.66) and group 3 versus 1 (aOR: 3.06). NM was noted in 7, 8, and 15% of each BMI group, respectively, and differed significantly between group 3 vs. 2 (aOR: 1.77). Conclusions The increased rate of morbidities between the BMI groups is useful to inform diabetic women and highlights the need for further investigation of diabetes and obesity as comorbidities in pregnancy.

Abstract P116: Higher Body Mass Index Trajectories Are Associated With Lower Levels Of Physical Activity Measured By A Smartwatch

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Hammond ◽  
Joanne M Murabito ◽  
Ludovic Trinquart ◽  
Emelia J Benjamin ◽  
Honghuang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bmi Trajectory ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is rising. Most previous studies that examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity measured BMI at a single time-point, ignoring the time-varying nature of BMI. The relationship between BMI trajectories and habitual physical activity in community settings remains unclear. Objective: To assess the relationship between BMI trajectories and habitual physical activity measured by daily steps from a smartwatch, among participants enrolled in the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS). We hypothesized that participants whose BMI trajectories increased over a 14-year period prior to the step assessment take fewer daily steps, compared to participants who maintained stable BMI trajectories during the same time period. Methods: We used a semiparametric group-based modelling method to identify BMI trajectory patterns. Participants who attended exams 1, 2, and 3 were included in building the trajectories. Daily steps were recorded from the smartwatch provided at exam 3 with “active days” defined as days with ≥ 5watch wear-hours. We excluded participants with <30 active days. The median follow-up period for step count was 357 days (IQR: 467 days). We used generalized linear models that accounted for correlation between daily steps in the same individuals to examine the longitudinal relationship between BMI trajectory groups and daily step counts, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: We identified three trajectory groups for the 837 eFHS participants. Group 1 included 292 participants (mean age 54 years, 57% women) whose BMI was stable (slope: 0.005, p=0.75); Group 2 included 468 participants (mean age 53 years, 56% women) whose BMI increased slightly (slope: 0.123, p<9.2e-17); and Group 3 included 77 participants (mean age 50 years, 70% women) who had the largest increase of BMI (slope: 0.318, p=2.8e-22).Adjusting for age, sex, wear time and race/ethnicity, participants in group 3 (Δ1437 steps P< 0.0001) and Group 2 (Δ422 steps, P=0.04) took significantly fewer steps, compared to participants in Group 1 (Model 1). The effect sizes were slightly attenuated but remained significant after additionally adjusting for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, current smoking, and cardiovascular disease: Group 3 took 1258 fewer steps, P=0.0001; Group 2 took 406 fewer steps, P=0.04 (Model 2). We further adjusted for sleep apnea, education, and marital status in Model 3 and observed that on average Group 3 took 1120 fewer steps (P= 0.0007) and Group 2 took 382 fewer steps (P= 0.06), compared to Group 1. Conclusion: Participants whose BMI trajectory increased over time took significantly fewer steps compared to participants with more stable BMI trajectories. Our findings suggest that levels of physical activity may correlate with greater weight gain during adulthood.

scholarly journals Influence of Body Mass Index on Mechanical Properties in People With Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Usgu ◽  
Engin Ramazanoğlu ◽  
Yavuz Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Weak Positive Correlation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: The study was to determine influence of body mass index on muscular mechanical properties in people with obesity.Methods: A total of 300 individuals (mean age: 27.31±7.21 years) were participated. The participants were assigned in groups base on BMI classification (Group 1 (BMI=18.50-24.99 kg/m2), Group 2 (BMI=25.00-29.99 kg/m2), and Group 3 (BMI≥30 kg/m2)). The biceps brachii (BB), biceps femoris (BF) were measured bilaterally using the "MyotonPRO" device. Results: All mechanical properties of the right and left BB muscle, left BF tone and stiffness were found significantly difference between groups (p<0.05). The bilateral BB tone in Group 3 was lower than the other two groups. The right BB stiffness of Group 2 was found to be higher compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). While the right and left BB elasticity was similar in Groups 2 and 3, it was lower compared to Group 1 (p<0.05). The left BF tone and stiffness of Group 3 were found to be significantly higher than Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05).The right BB tone showed a weak negative correlation with BMI in females, and for left side in males. A weak positive correlation was found between the right and left BB elasticity and BMI in males and females. The left-right BF tone and left BF stiffness showed a weak positive correlation in males. Conclusions: The bilateral BB tone and elasticity decreased, and the left BF stiffness increased as BMI increased. Different mechanical properties were observed in sex comparasion base on BMI clasification. The BB and BF mechanical properties were affected more in males than females.

P–110 Does the Body Mass Index affect sperm quality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Badalotti-Teloken ◽  
C Teloken ◽  
V Dornelles ◽  
A Arent ◽  
A Petracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Study question Does the body mass index (BMI) have an impact on semen analysis results? Summary answer The increase in BMI has a negative impact on sperm motility. What is known already Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health condition worldwide and can affect male fertility in various ways. It is known that obesity can cause testicular inflammation, higher testicular temperature, hypogonadism, sperm DNA fragmentation, and erectile dysfunction. However, there are still conflicting data regarding the correlation between BMI and semen parameters in the seminal analysis. Study design, size, duration Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study using data from 1147 patients seen at a private infertility clinic between 2010 and 2020. The data were collected from electronic records in a prospective database. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients were divided according to BMI (healthy weight, overweight, obesity classes I, II, III), and their seminal profiles were compared, according to 2010’s World Health Organization’s parameters. Cancer, cryptorchidism, viral orchitis, altered karyotype, Y chromosome microdeletions, vasectomy reversion, and testosterone use were excluding factors. Student t-tests and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. The results were adjusted for age, alcohol, tobacco, and drug use, medication intake, physical activity, comorbidities, and scrotum heat factors. Main results and the role of chance From a total of 1384 patients, 219 were excluded. The BMI varied between 18,9 and 50,8 kg/m². From the 1147 patients, 297 had BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m² (healthy weight, group 1), 611 had BMI 25–29.9 kg/m² (overweight, group 2), 179 had BMI 30–34.5 kg/m² (obese, group 3), 60 had BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² (extremely obese, group 4). The mean age for groups 1 through 4 was 37.6, 38.5, 38.2, and 36.5 years old. The comparison of the groups’ seminal parameters shows a significant decrease in progressive and total motility in patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m².The progressive motility was 43.8% in group 1, 44.1% in group 2, 42.4% in group 3, and 35.2% in group 4 (p = 0.07) and the total motility was 54.4%, 54.1%, 53.6%, and 45.9%, respectively (p = 0.012). The complementary analysis determined BMI 29 kg/m² as the cutoff for negative impact on progressive motility (p = 0.044) and 31 kg/m² on total motility (p = 0.036). The results were still significant after age, use of cannabis, and hypertension adjustments – the other possible interfering factors were not significant. Limitations, reasons for caution Besides the fact that this was a retrospective study, it also has a smaller sample size of patients with extreme obesity. This is probably related to the fact that the patients seeking reproductive treatment in a private clinic have a greater purchasing power and lower prevalence of obesity. Wider implications of the findings: In this study, sperm quality is negatively affected by BMI, with impairment since 29 kg/m² for progressive and 31 kg/m² for total motility. Our data support the potential deleterious role of obesity on semen parameters, reinforcing the importance of weight control in infertility prevention. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals AB0638 CYTOKINE STATUS IN METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH GOUTY ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1353.1-1353
Author(s):  
K. Zhigulina ◽  
S. Spitsina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background:Gout is an inflammatory and metabolic disease. Hyperuricemia can contribute to inflammation, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, adipogenesis and lipogenesis, impaired insulin and glucose metabolism, and the development of liver disease. In turn, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide; is closely related to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and other metabolic risk factors included in metabolic syndrome (MS). Interest in the problem of MS has not faded for many years, which is associated with its extremely rapid spread in the world.Objectives:To assess the cytokine status in patients with gouty arthritis (GA) in combination with metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods:There were 60 patients with reliable GA under observation. Among the surveyed men and women accounted for 60% and 40%, respectively, with an average age of 54 years, an average duration of the disease of 8 years. A family history of gout was present in 42% of patients. The onset of gouty arthritis was observed at 35.6 ± 10 years. Hypouricemic therapy was prescribed in 70% of patients. Thirty-six patients were diagnosed with the tofus form, 24 had no tofus. Patients were included in the study during arthritis remission. Blood samples were taken for general clinical and biochemical analyzes (ESR according to Westergren and uric acid levels were estimated), as well as for determination of serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 by enzyme immunoassay.Results:The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 - 40 people with GA without signs of MS, group 2 - 20 patients with GA and MS. Patient groups were matched by sex, age, form and severity of the disease. In the 1st group, the body mass index ranged from 28.00 to 34.25 kg / m2, in the 2nd group - from 29.05 to 49.39 kg / m2. In patients with isolated gout, the waist in men averaged 96 cm, in women - 86.5 cm; in the 2nd group: in men - 98 cm, in women - 88 cm. Among the criteria for MS, in addition to abdominal obesity, in the 2nd group, arterial hypertension (in 64%), dyslipidemia (mainly types IIa and IIb) were significantly more frequent, violation of carbohydrate metabolism (fasting glycemic level 8.0 + 2.0 mmol / l), a higher level of uricemia (from 397.8 to 660.5 mmol / l) compared with the 1st group. The average level of IL-6 in the serum of patients in group 1 was 1.46 pg / ml, in group 2 - 14.03 pg / ml, the average level of TNF-alpha in group 1 was 0.51 pg / ml, in group 2 - 1.28 pg / ml.Conclusion:In GA patients with signs of MS, there is a significant increase in the production of key proinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6, TNF-alpha. It was found that with a combination of MS and GA, the concentrations of IL-6, on average, 9.6 times, and TNF-alpha - 2.5 times, exceed the parameters of patients without signs of MS. A direct relationship was established between the expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha with body mass index, as well as with insulin resistance and fluctuations in blood pressure. Thus, the cytokine imbalance is associated with increased risks of both cardiometabolic complications and the progressive course of GA.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Relations between body mass index trajectories and habitual physical activity measured by smartwatch: Insights from the electronic cohort of the Framingham Heart Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Hammond ◽  
Yuankai Zhang ◽  
Chathurangi H. Pathiravasan ◽  
Honghuang Lin ◽  
Mayank Sardana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is rising. Most previous studies that examined the relations between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) measured BMI at a single time-point. The association between BMI trajectories and habitual PA remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We assessed the relations between BMI trajectories and habitual PA, among participants enrolled in the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS). METHODS We used a semiparametric group-based modelling to identify BMI trajectories from eFHS participants who attended research examinations 1, 2, and 3 over a 14-year period. Daily steps were recorded from the smartwatch provided at examination 3. We excluded participants with <30 days or <5 hours of smartwatch wear data. We used generalized linear models to examine the association between BMI trajectories and daily step counts. RESULTS We identified three trajectory groups for the 837 eFHS participants (mean age: 53 years; 58% Female). Group 1 included 292 participants whose BMI was stable (slope: 0.005, P=.75); Group 2 included 468 participants whose BMI increased slightly (slope: 0.123, P<.001); and Group 3 included 77 participants whose BMI increased greatly (slope: 0.318, P<.001). The median follow-up period for step count was 357 days. Adjusting for age, sex, wear time, and cohort, participants in Group 2 and Group 3 took 422 steps (95% CI: -823, -21) and 1437 (95% CI: -2084, -790) fewer average daily steps, compared to participants in Group 1. After adjusting for metabolic and social risk factors, Group 2 took 382 (95% CI: -773, 10) and Group 3 took 1120 (95% CI: -1766, -475) fewer steps, compared to Group 1. CONCLUSIONS In this community-based eFHS, participants whose BMI trajectory increased greatly over time took significantly fewer steps, compared to participants with stable BMI trajectories. Our findings suggest that greater weight gain may correlate with lower levels of physical activity.

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