scholarly journals Large Parenchymal Perianeurysmal Cyst: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyani J. S. Birua ◽  
Gaurav Tyagi ◽  
Manish Beniwal ◽  
Dwarakanath Srinivas ◽  
Shilpa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
Mural Nodule ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiogram ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

AbstractParenchymal perianeurysmal cysts are rare. We report a case of 50-year-old woman who presented with persistent headaches and episodes of vomiting for the last 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a well-defined solitary cystic lesion with a mural nodule measuring 5.4 × 5.2 × 4.6 cm in the right basifrontal region. The mural nodule was cortically based. It was hypointense on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and showed intense contrast enhancement with few nonenhancing areas—no evidence of diffusion restriction. The cyst wall was nonenhancing, and magnetic resonance angiogram was unremarkable. Differential diagnoses included intra-axial gliomas such as ganglioglioma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Right pterional craniotomy and a transcortical approach were made. Subtotal excision of cyst and clipping of right middle cerebral artery bifurcation thrombosed aneurysm were done. After 6 months of follow-up, patient is stable without any deficits. A parenchymal perianeurysmal cyst is a rare entity; it is crucial to be considered a differential diagnosis in any cystic lesion with the mural nodule.

New-Onset Right-Sided Numbness and Double Vision

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
W. Oliver Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Deep White Matter ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

A 40-year-old right-handed man sought care for right hand numbness, right-sided facial numbness, and diplopia progressing to maximal severity over 10 days. At his worst he was unable to write. His symptoms remained maximal for 4 weeks. He was hospitalized and treated with 5 days of intravenous methylprednisolone. He improved to approximately 95% of normal over 4 weeks. He had residual mild right-sided facial and right leg numbness. Antibodies to JC polyoma virus and varicella-zoster virus were positive, which indicated prior exposure to these viruses. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was low at 8.2 ng/mL. Optical coherence tomography findings were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain performed 3 months after the onset of symptoms demonstrated a T2-hyperintense lesion in the left midbrain peduncle extending into the upper pons, without gadolinium enhancement. A small area of T2 hyperintensity was seen in the right frontal deep white matter. Follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging showed almost complete resolution of the left midbrain peduncle lesion with persistence of the right frontal deep white matter lesion. Spinal fluid analysis showed 1 white blood cell/µL with 95% lymphocytes, protein 35 mg/dL, 0 unique oligoclonal bands, and normal immunoglobulin G index (0.54). A diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome-first episode of multiple sclerosis was made. After detailed discussion with the patient, he elected to commence disease-modifying therapy with fingolimod. He underwent routine monitoring with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical and thoracic spine on an annual basis, without any further relapses at 5-year follow-up. Patients with typical demyelinating syndromes may not always fulfill the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. After careful exclusion of other mimicking conditions, most notably aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G– and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G–associated disease, a diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome may be made.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Angiographically Occult Vascular Malformations: Indications and Preliminary Experience

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 892-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
L. Dade Lunsford ◽  
Robert J. Coffey ◽  
David J. Bissonette ◽  
John C. Flickinger
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Stereotactic radiosurgery has been shown to treat successfully angiographically demonstrated arteriovenous malformations of the brain. Angiographic obliteration has represented cure and eliminated the risk of future hemorrhage. The role of radiosurgery in the treatment of angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) has been less well defined. In the initial 32 months of operation of the 201-source cobalt-60 gamma knife at the University of Pittsburgh, 24 patients meeting strict criteria for high-risk AOVMs were treated. Radiosurgery was used conservatively; each patient had sustained two or more hemorrhages and had a magnetic resonance imaging-defined AOVM located in a region of the brain where microsurgical removal was judged to pose an excessive risk. Venous angiomas were excluded by performance of high-resolution subtraction angiography in each patient. Fifteen malformations were in the medulla, pons, and/or mesencephalon, and 5 were located in the thalamus or basal ganglia. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 24 months. Nineteen patients either improved or remained clinically stable and did not hemorrhage again during the follow-up interval. One patient suffered another hemorrhage 7 months after radiosurgery. Five patients experienced temporary worsening of pre-existing neurological deficits that suggested delayed radiation injury. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated signal changes and edema surrounding the radiosurgical target. Dose-volume guidelines for avoiding complications were constructed. Our initial experience indicates that stereotactic radiosurgery can be performed safely in patients with small, well-circumscribed AOVMs located in deep, critical, or relatively inaccessible cerebral locations. Because cerebral angiography is not useful in following patients with AOVMs, long-term magnetic resonance imaging and clinical studies will be necessary to determine whether the natural history of such lesions is changed by radiosurgery.

Synovial Sarcoma of the Foot

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Racz ◽  
Ronald Belczyk ◽  
Ronald P. Williams ◽  
Martin P. Fernandez ◽  
Thomas Zgonis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Synovial Sarcoma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
The Right

We report a case of a 40-year-old woman with synovial sarcoma who presented with neural symptoms in the medial aspect of the right foot and ankle. The radiographic appearance of the foot and ankle was unremarkable, but magnetic resonance imaging showed a relatively well-defined enhancing lesion in the plantar soft tissues extending from the master knot of Henry to the posterior tibialis tendon. After orthopedic oncologic evaluation and workup, the patient was ultimately treated with a transtibial amputation, and no evidence of recurrence or metastatic disease was seen at 6-month follow-up. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100(3): 216–219, 2010)

scholarly journals Management of patients with single and rare epileptic seizures

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A. S. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Unprovoked Seizure ◽  
Life Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Brain

Objective: to study the structure of the disease and develop tactics of treatment of patients with single and rare epileptic seizures. Materials and methods. 1200 patients with epilepsy were examined, 103 patients were identified who had no more than 3 seizures throughout their life. Study included evaluation of anamnesis, clinical and neurological examination, routine electroencephalography and/or videoelectroencephalographic monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Results. Relapse of seizures in individuals with a history of follow-up occurred in 32 % of cases; epileptogenic changes in magnetic resonance image and, especially, anatomical and electro-clinical correlation of the epilepsy focus were associated with the risk of relapse. Conclusions. The decision on drug therapy after the first unprovoked seizure should be based on the ratio of the risk of repeated seizures and the risk of side effects. This solution should be individual and take into account not only medical problems, but also the preferences of the patient and his family members.

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity of Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex With Other Brain Regions During Early-Abstinence Is Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Relapse: A Resting-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yang ◽  
Ya-jing Meng ◽  
Yu-jie Tao ◽  
Ren-hao Deng ◽  
Hui-yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anterior Cortex ◽  
The Right

Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic recurrent brain disease that causes a heavy disease burden worldwide, partly due to high relapse rates after detoxification. Verified biomarkers are not available for AD and its relapse, although the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) may play important roles in the mechanism of addiction. This study investigated AD- and relapse-associated functional connectivity (FC) of the NAc and mPFC with other brain regions during early abstinence.Methods: Sixty-eight hospitalized early-abstinence AD male patients and 68 age- and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-functional magnetic resonance imaging (r-fMRI). Using the NAc and mPFC as seeds, we calculated changes in FC between the seeds and other brain regions. Over a follow-up period of 6 months, patients were measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scale to identify relapse outcomes (AUDIT ≥ 8).Results: Thirty-five (52.24%) of the AD patients relapsed during the follow-up period. AD displayed lower FC of the left fusiform, bilateral temporal superior and right postcentral regions with the NAc and lower FC of the right temporal inferior, bilateral temporal superior, and left cingulate anterior regions with the mPFC compared to controls. Among these FC changes, lower FC between the NAc and left fusiform, lower FC between the mPFC and left cingulate anterior cortex, and smoking status were independently associated with AD. Subjects in relapse exhibited lower FC of the right cingulate anterior cortex with NAc and of the left calcarine sulcus with mPFC compared to non-relapsed subjects; both of these reductions in FC independently predicted relapse. Additionally, FC between the mPFC and right frontal superior gyrus, as well as years of education, independently predicted relapse severity.Conclusion: This study found that values of FC between selected seeds (i.e., the NAc and the mPFC) and some other reward- and/or impulse-control-related brain regions were associated with AD and relapse; these FC values could be potential biomarkers of AD or for prediction of relapse. These findings may help to guide further research on the neurobiology of AD and other addictive disorders.

Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Fluid-attenuated Inversion-recovery BLADE Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 986-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Alibek ◽  
Boris Adamietz ◽  
Alexander Cavallaro ◽  
Alto Stemmer ◽  
Katharina Anders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Brain

Extradural Devascularization for Resection of a Lesser Sphenoid Wing Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. E49-E49
Author(s):  
David Gallardo-Ceja ◽  
Thalia E Sanchez-Correa ◽  
Diego Mendez-Rosito
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Anterior Clinoid Process ◽  
Operative Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Head Clamp ◽  
The Right

Abstract We describe the case of a 42-yr-old female patient with a 2-yr history of headache that has progressively worsened. Physical examination revealed no neurological deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large tumor of the left lesser sphenoid wing that enhanced with gadolinium and produced displacement of the midline and the Sylvian fissure. A thorough analysis of the origin of the tumor was done to establish the surgical strategy. With the patient positioned supine with the head slightly turned to the right side, fixed in a 3-pin head clamp, a pterional craniotomy was performed. Since the origin of the tumor is in the lesser wing an early extradural devascularization of the tumor was done with drilling out all the hyperostotic bone of the lesser sphenoid wing, including the lateral base of the anterior clinoid process. Intradural debulking and resection showed the effect of extradural devascularization with an important decrease in bleeding, allowing the total resection of the tumor. An immediate postop magnetic resonance showed a complete removal of the tumor. The patient presented a paresis of the oculomotor nerve that completely resolved in the 3-mo follow-up. In the following video illustration, we narrate this operative case and highlight the nuances of this approach.1 The patient has given assent and written consent for videos, images, or clinical or genetic information to be published.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging of a cerebral cavernous haemangioma in a dog : clinical communication

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Schoeman ◽  
M.F. Stidworthy ◽  
J. Penderis ◽  
U. Kafka
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cavernous Haemangioma ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurological Assessment ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

A 13-month-old, neutered, male Golden retriever presented with seizures and progressive depression. Clinical and neurological assessment was consistent with severe intracranial disease. The neurological condition progressively deteriorated and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of a large, contrast-enhancing, space-occupying mass in the right cerebral hemisphere. Therapy with corticosteroids, mannitol and furosemide ameliorated the signs of depression and ataxia, but the owner elected euthanasia after 1 week. Post mortem examination of the brain confirmed the presence of a large haemorrhagic lesion in the right olfactory lobe, the histopathological appearance of which was consistent with cerebral cavernous haemangioma. This is the 1st case describing the MRI appearance of a cavernous haemangioma of the cerebrum in the veterinary literature.

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