Cranial and Spinal Metastasis of a Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma: Report of a Case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Spindler ◽  
Christian Mawrin ◽  
Christian Strauss ◽  
Julian Prell
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Treatment

AbstractPituitary carcinoma is a rare disease with surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic treatment options. We present the case of a female patient diagnosed with a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma who underwent several surgical procedures, radiations, and chemotherapeutic treatments with various substances. Sixteen years after the first diagnosis, a cranial and spinal metastatic spread of the tumor occurred. We opted for an individual therapy based on anecdotal evidence. Unfortunately, the recommended off-label treatment with a somatostatin analog substance was never given due to bureaucratic delays. This case report is about the challenging aspects of individual decision-making in rare neurosurgical diseases.

Primary Pituitary Malignant Lymphoma Was Difficult to Differentiate from Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma: A Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (S 02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Murakami ◽  
Shinya Jinguji ◽  
Yugo Kishida ◽  
Taku Sato ◽  
Tadashi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma

Minimizing Missed Opportunities: Modeling Relationships between the State and Business in Russia

2009 ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
A. Oleynik
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Power Domination ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Outcomes

Power involves a number of models of choice: maximizing, satisficing, coercion, and minimizing missed opportunities. The latter is explored in detail and linked to a particular type of power, domination by virtue of a constellation of interests. It is shown that domination by virtue of a constellation of interests calls for justification through references to a common good, i.e. a rent to be shared between Principal and Agent. Two sources of sub-optimal outcomes are compared: individual decision-making and interactions. Interactions organized in the form of power relationships lead to sub-optimal outcomes for at least one side, Agent. Some empirical evidence from Russia is provided for illustrative purposes.

scholarly journals Humans rely more on algorithms than social influence as a task becomes more difficult

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bogert ◽  
Aaron Schecter ◽  
Richard T. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Decision Making

AbstractAlgorithms have begun to encroach on tasks traditionally reserved for human judgment and are increasingly capable of performing well in novel, difficult tasks. At the same time, social influence, through social media, online reviews, or personal networks, is one of the most potent forces affecting individual decision-making. In three preregistered online experiments, we found that people rely more on algorithmic advice relative to social influence as tasks become more difficult. All three experiments focused on an intellective task with a correct answer and found that subjects relied more on algorithmic advice as difficulty increased. This effect persisted even after controlling for the quality of the advice, the numeracy and accuracy of the subjects, and whether subjects were exposed to only one source of advice, or both sources. Subjects also tended to more strongly disregard inaccurate advice labeled as algorithmic compared to equally inaccurate advice labeled as coming from a crowd of peers.

scholarly journals Ageing on-line in risk society: Elderly people managing the new risks via new media in the context of decreasing ontological security

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Carpentier Reifova ◽  
Sylvie Fišerová
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Media ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Old People ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
On Line ◽  
Second Modernity

This article proposes a theoretical framework for studying new media and its use by elderly people in risk society. Old people and their practices of new media use are discussed in light of the concepts of age cohort, generation and media generation. The article detects homology between individualization (a backbone of the second modernity as defined by Ulrich Beck) in the management of new risks and operation of new media language. Consequently, the concept of “double individualization of responsibility” is coined and connection is made to the effects of new media and new risks on ontological security. The argument is taken further onto the ground of critical gerontology, which claims that individual decision-making and fluidity of the second modernity is a source of insecurity and anxiety mainly for the old people. The article eventually presents the area of e-health as a research field for further exploration of how old people experience autonomy, individual decision making, and the absence of (or conflict with) external authority while dealing with the health risks on-line.

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