scholarly journals Variability Over Time of Normal-Sized Fetal Renal Pelvis During the Second Trimester Scan

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. E131-E136
Author(s):  
Maria Røset ◽  
Harm-Gerd Blaas ◽  
Tove Fagerli ◽  
Torbjørn Eggebø
Keyword(s):  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intraobserver Variation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Interobserver Variations

Abstract Purpose To investigate the variability of the normal-sized fetal renal pelvis (≤5 mm) over time and to analyze repeatability of measurements. Materials and Methods 98 fetal renal pelvises and 49 fetal urinary bladders were analyzed at a gestational age of 17–20 weeks at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. The anterior-posterior diameter (APD) of the fetal renal pelvis and two diameters of the fetal bladder were measured with an interval of at least 30 min. Intra- and interobserver variations and variations over time and in association with bladder size were investigated. Results The mean difference in renal pelvis size between the first and second measurements was 0.09 mm (95% CI, −0.09 to 0.26 mm). The variation over time was ≤1 mm in 85% of cases and the renal pelvis was ≤4 mm in both the first and second examinations in 92% of cases. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.69). We did not observe any association between variation of bladder size and variation of APD. The difference in fetal renal pelvis size was ≤1 mm in 70% of observations for the first examiner and 58% for the second examiner. The intraobserver ICCs were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62–0.78) and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.50–0.70) for the two observers respectively. The interobserver difference was ≤1 mm in 72% of cases and the interobserver ICC was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.34–0.71). Conclusion The variation of the APD of the fetal renal pelvis over time was small in fetuses with the APD in the lower range and can mainly be explained by intraobserver variation.

INTRA-RATER AND INTER-RATER RELIABILITY STUDY OF A MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR THE PATHWAY OF THE SUPRASPINATUS INTRAMUSCULAR TENDON BY 3.0 TESLA MRI IMAGES: THE SHEAR FORCE ANGLE ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850009
Author(s):  
Yohei Kanno ◽  
Hajime Toda ◽  
Tsutomu Horiuchi ◽  
Masaki Katayose
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
3.0 Tesla ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a measurement method for the pathway of the supraspinatus intramuscular tendon by 3.0 tesla MRI images. Methods: The scapula and intramuscular tendon extraction DICOM data was made to extract only a scapula domain and intramuscular tendon domain. The shear force angle anterior posterior (SFA-AP) was measured as the pathway of supraspinatus intramuscular tendon with respect to the glenoid plane on three-dimensional (3D) models of the bone and intramuscular tendon. SFA-AP of supraspinatus was measured on 3D models of the bone and intramuscular tendon. The mean and standard deviation of SFA-AP of supraspinatus was calculated. Intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability were evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of the mean (SEM) and the minimal detectable change (MDC). Inter-rater reliability was evaluated by three raters. Results: As for intra-rater reliability, SFA-AP of supraspinatus measured averaged [Formula: see text], with ICC (1,1) of 0.978, with ICC (1,3) of 0.993, with SEM of 0.53, with MDC of 1.46[Formula: see text]. As for inter-rater reliability, SFA-AP of supraspinatus measured averaged [Formula: see text] (rater1), SFA-AP measured averaged [Formula: see text] (rater2), SFA-AP measured averaged [Formula: see text] (rater3), with ICC (2,1) of 0.896, with ICC (2,3) of 0.963, with SEM of 1.11, with MDC of 3.09[Formula: see text]. Conclusions: 3D models of the bone and intramuscular tendon were evaluated as intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities. SFA-AP of supraspinatus is guaranteed by one measurement.

scholarly journals Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy Results of Pediatric Patients Operated Due to Unilateral Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: A Novel Approach to Overestimated Ipsilateral Differentiated Renal Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabri Cansaran ◽  
Ayşenur Celayir ◽  
Serdar Moralıoğlu ◽  
Osman Zeki Pektaş ◽  
Oktav Bosnalı
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction ◽  
Ureteropelvic Junction ◽  
General Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Objective: The aim of this study was to scintigraphically investigate the preoperative and postoperative renal functions of patients operated due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction, discuss the factors affecting the indication of surgery and emphasize the important points to consider during scintigraphic examination. Method: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric cases who underwent pyeloplasty due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Patients operated for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction whose preoperative and postoperative dynamic scintigraphy results could be obtained were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as those with <50% and ≥50% ipsilateral differentiated renal function. The difference between the groups was considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: The median ages of 36 cases in <50% DRF group and 24 cases in ≥50% DRF group were 7.7 months and 8.5 months, respectively. The mean ipsilateral differentiated renal function values of the main groups were significantly different from each other both in the preoperative and postoperative periods. The changes within the two main groups were also analyzed, yielding significant differences. Ipsilateral differentiated renal function changes on a general, group and subgroup basis, and preoperative ultrasound findings of the ipsilateral kidney in subgroups were revealed. Conclusion: Increased hydronephrosis degree and renal pelvis anterior-posterior diameter are closely related to overestimated ipsilateral kidney function. For deciding on surgery in patients with ureteral obstruction, scintigraphic examinations make sense with the help of US and the clinical condition of the patient.

Comparison of Mechanical Axis of the Limb Versus Anatomical Axis of the Tibia for Assessment of Tibiotalar Alignment in End-Stage Ankle Arthritis

2020 ◽  
pp. 107110072097266
Author(s):  
Alessio Bernasconi ◽  
Ali-Asgar Najefi ◽  
Andrew J. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Mechanical Axis ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Long Leg Radiographs ◽  
Anatomical Axis

Background: Coronal plane ankle joint alignment is typically assessed using the tibiotalar angle (TTA), which relies on the anatomical axis of the tibia (AAT) and the articular surface of the talus as landmarks. Often, the AAT differs from the mechanical axis of the lower limb (MAL). We set out to test our hypothesis that the TTA using the MAL would differ from the TTA measured using the AAT in patients with ankle osteoarthritis. Methods: Standardized standing long leg radiographs of 61 ankles with end-stage osteoarthritis were analyzed. We measured the MAL and the AAT. A line was drawn along the talar articular surface (TA) and the TTA was calculated using both the MAL (MAL-TA) and the AAT (AAT-TA). The mechanical axis of the tibia (MAT) was also recorded and the MAL-MAT angle calculated. The difference between MAL-TA and AAT-TA and its correlation with the MAL-MAT angle were assessed. Intra- and interobserver agreement were measured for MAL-TA and AAT-TA. Results: The mean MAL-TA was 91.4 degrees (95% CI, 88.5-94.4) and the mean AAT-TA was 91.2 degrees (95% CI, 88.6-93.9). The difference ranged from −8.1 to 7.8 degrees, and was greater than 2 and 3 degrees in 42% and 18% of the patients, respectively. The difference, as an absolute value, also strongly correlated with the MAL-MAT angle ( r = 0.91, P < .001). Intra- and interobserver reliability were excellent for both MAL-TA (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.93 and 0.91, respectively) and AAT-TA (ICC, 0.91 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion: We recommend that surgeons consider using the MAL-TA, which relies on long leg radiographs, especially with proximal deformity, to more accurately measure coronal plane ankle joint alignment. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

scholarly journals Discrepancies in International Normalized Ratio Results between Instruments: A Model to Split the Variation into Subcomponents

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Una Ø Sølvik ◽  
Per H Petersen ◽  
Grete Monsen ◽  
Anne V Stavelin ◽  
Sverre Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Warfarin Treatment ◽  
Analytical Imprecision ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analytical Variation ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND Observed differences between results obtained from comparison of instruments used to measure international normalized ratio (INR) have been higher than expected from the imprecision of the instruments. In this study the variation of these differences was divided into subcomponents, and each of the subcomponents was estimated. METHODS Blood samples were collected at 4 different patient visits from each of 36 outpatients who were receiving warfarin treatment and were included in the study. INR was determined on 1 laboratory instrument (STA Compact®) and 3 point-of-care instruments (Simple Simon®PT, CoaguChek®XS, and INRatio™). All 4 INR instruments were compared in pairs. Linear regression was used to correct for systematic deviations. The remaining variation of the differences was subdivided into between-subject, within-subject, and analytical variation in an ANOVA nested design. RESULTS The mean difference between instruments varied between 1.0% and 14.3%. Between-subject variation of the differences (expressed as CV) varied between 3.3% and 7.4%, whereas within-subject variation of the differences was approximately 5% for all 6 comparisons. The analytical imprecision of the differences varied between 3.8% and 8.6%. CONCLUSIONS The differences in INR between instruments were subdivided into calibration differences, between- and within-subject variation, and analytical imprecision. The magnitude of each subcomponent was estimated. Within results for individual patients the difference in INR between 2 instruments varied over time. The reasons for the between- and within-subject variations of the differences can probably be ascribed to different patient-specific effects in the patient plasma. To minimize this variation in a monitoring situation, each site and patient should use results from only 1 type of instrument.

Detection of Safety Deterioration in a Series of Accident Counts

1996 ◽  
Vol 1542 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra Hauer
Keyword(s):  
Random Variables ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Accident Frequency ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

The task is to develop a workable procedure with the object of detecting sites where the mean accident frequency has increased over time to more than what can be attributed to changes in traffic or to general trends. Two kinds of increase are to be detected: a steady but gradual deterioration and a sudden increase in mean accident frequency at an unknown time. The procedure is to be applied to many sites, with the detected sites subsequently examined in detail. Both the gradual and the sudden increase in accident frequency are to be detected by a statistical test of significance for the difference between the means of two Poisson random variables. The software for doing such tests of significance has been developed and is available. An identification procedure is suggested to take account of (a) the number of sites that can be practically subjected to detailed examination and (b) the marginal yield of correctly identified sites.

scholarly journals Early outcome findings of treatment for transperitoneal laparoscopy-assisted pyeloplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Gökhan Güler ◽  
Ali Erdal Karakaya ◽  
Ahmet Burak Doğan ◽  
Yaşar Kandur
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty ◽  
Early Outcome ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract Background We retrospectively analyzed the initial results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty, among pediatric patients undergoing the procedure by transperitoneal access. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were operated with transperitoneal laparoscopy-assisted pyeloplasty at our institution between 2015 and 2020. Results The mean age of the 51 patients (M/F = 36/15) was 59 ± 49.8 months. The mean preoperative renal pelvis anterior–posterior diameter was 32.9 ± 13.4 mm, and the relative renal function was 42 ± 12.1% on the operation side. Forty-three (84.3%) patients had no excretion on MAG3 examination preop. The number of patients with no excretion decreased to 10 (19.7%) after surgery. One of them underwent a successful endopyelotomy; eight of them underwent a successful laparoscopic re-pyeloplasty. There was nothing to do in only one patient whose DRF decreased to 11%. The mean anterior posterior diameter decreased significantly to 16.7 ± 11.2 mm after surgery (p < 0.001). Conclusion Preoperative increased renal pelvis anterior–posterior diameter detected in our study was found to be a risk factor in the failure of transperitoneal laparoscopy-assisted pyeloplasty procedure.

Physiological changes in the size of the septal swell body correlate with changes in inferior turbinate size

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
E H Wong ◽  
M Noussair ◽  
Z Hasan ◽  
M Duvnjak ◽  
N Singh
Keyword(s):  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectiveThe nasal septal swell body is a normal anatomical structure located in the superior nasal septum anterior to the middle turbinate. However, the impact of the septal swell body in nasal breathing during normal function and disease remains unclear. This study aimed to establish that the septal swell body varies in size over time and correlates this with the natural variation of the inferior turbinates.MethodConsecutive patients who underwent at least two computed tomography scans were identified. The width and height of the septal swell body and the inferior turbinates was recorded. A correlation between the difference in septal swell body and turbinates between the two scans was performed using a Pearson's coefficient.ResultsA total of 34 patients (53 per cent female with a mean age of 58.3 ± 20.2 years) were included. The mean and mean difference in septal swell body width between scans for the same patient was 1.57 ± 1.00 mm. The mean difference in turbinate width between scans was 2.23 ± 2.52 mm. A statistically significant correlation was identified between the difference in septal swell body and total turbinate width (r = 0.35, p = 0.04).ConclusionThe septal swell body is a dynamic structure that varies in width over time in close correlation to the inferior turbinates. Further research is required to quantify its relevance as a surgical area of interest.

scholarly journals Comparison of clinical bracket point registration with 3D laser scanner and coordinate measuring machine

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Nouri ◽  
Arash Farzan ◽  
Ali Reza Akbarzadeh Baghban ◽  
Reza Massudi
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of a laser scanner developed to determine the coordinates of clinical bracket points and to compare with the results of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). METHODS: This diagnostic experimental study was conducted on maxillary and mandibular orthodontic study casts of 18 adults with normal Class I occlusion. First, the coordinates of the bracket points were measured on all casts by a CMM. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the bracket points were measured on the same casts by a 3D laser scanner designed at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. The validity and reliability of each system were assessed by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dahlberg's formula. RESULTS: The difference between the mean dimension and the actual value for the CMM was 0.0066 mm. (95% CI: 69.98340, 69.99140). The mean difference for the laser scanner was 0.107 ± 0.133 mm (95% CI: -0.002, 0.24). In each method, differences were not significant. The ICC comparing the two methods was 0.998 for the X coordinate, and 0.996 for the Y coordinate; the mean difference for coordinates recorded in the entire arch and for each tooth was 0.616 mm. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of clinical bracket point coordinates measured by the laser scanner was equal to that of CMM. The mean difference in measurements was within the range of operator errors.

scholarly journals Dynamic Changes in Bladder Morphology Over Time in Cervical Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110210
Author(s):  
Fu Jin ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Huanli Luo ◽  
Rui Zhu ◽  
Yanhong Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cone Beam ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Centroid Position

Objectives: Continuous surveillance of bladder volume (BV) is beneficial during the treatment of various urogenital diseases because the bladder is always changing its position, size and even shape at different filling phases. For this purpose, we quantified the motion of the urinary bladder. Methods: Daily ultrasound measurements and weekly cone-beam computed tomography scans were obtained from 89 patients in the supine position. BV, bladder centroid positions, and triaxial lengths in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions were compared across different time points. Results: BV linearly increased over time, and the mean urinary filling rate ( vtot) was correlated with the patients’ age and water consumption. The greatest bladder centroid motion occurred longitudinally, with less movement observed laterally. The maximum bladder centroid movement was 18.8 ± 2.2 mm inferiorly and 1.8 ± 0.9 mm posteriorly for every 10% decrease in BV. The rates of changes in triaxial lengths differed across the 4 filling phases. The rate was the largest at a BV range of 10-80 mL, especially in the LR direction, with values of 5.9 ± 1.0, 3.6 ± 1.0, and 3.9 ± 1.0 mm per every 10-mL BV increase for LR, AP, and SI, respectively. With bladder filling (<80 mL), the maximum increase in triaxial length was observed in the SI direction and the rates of all changes considerably decreased, especially at BV > 600 mL. Conclusion: The vtot could be used to evaluate the temporal changes in the bladder. The spatial changes should be assessed according to different filling phases based on the centroid position and triaxial lengths.

Adaptation of the Connected Speech Test: Rerecording and Passage Equivalency

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan K. Saleh ◽  
Paula Folkeard ◽  
Ewan Macpherson ◽  
Susan Scollie
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
North American ◽  
First Language ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Speech Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Unit Standard

Purpose The original Connected Speech Test (CST; Cox et al., 1987) is a well-regarded and often utilized speech perception test. The aim of this study was to develop a new version of the CST using a neutral North American accent and to assess the use of this updated CST on participants with normal hearing. Method A female English speaker was recruited to read the original CST passages, which were recorded as the new CST stimuli. A study was designed to assess the newly recorded CST passages' equivalence and conduct normalization. The study included 19 Western University students (11 females and eight males) with normal hearing and with English as a first language. Results Raw scores for the 48 tested passages were converted to rationalized arcsine units, and average passage scores more than 1 rationalized arcsine unit standard deviation from the mean were excluded. The internal reliability of the 32 remaining passages was assessed, and the two-way random effects intraclass correlation was .944. Conclusion The aim of our study was to create new CST stimuli with a more general North American accent in order to minimize accent effects on the speech perception scores. The study resulted in 32 passages of equivalent difficulty for listeners with normal hearing.

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